RESUMEN
Brown rot caused by the pathogen of the genus Monilinia is the most destructive disease in peaches worldwide. It has seriously reduced the economic value of the peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) in Nyingchi and Qamdo, Tibet, China. Monilinia fructicola, Monilia mumecola, and M. yunnanensis have been reported as the causal agents of brown rot disease on stone fruits in China. In this study, we report on the identification of M. yunnanensis in peach orchards in Nyingchi and Qamdo, Tibet. From twenty-three isolates with the same characteristics, we identified the representative single-spore isolates T8-1, T8-8, and T8-20 as M. yunnanensis and confirmed that the Tibet brown rot disease was caused by M. yunnanensis based on the morphological characteristics and molecular analyses. The phylogenetic analysis of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and ß-tubulin (TUB2) nucleotide sequences and the multiplex PCR identification revealed that the representative isolates T8-1, T8-8, and T8-20 were more closely related to M. yunnanensis than other Monilinia species. Furthermore, the biocontrol strain of Trichoderma T6 presented significant antagonistic activity on the M. yunnanensis T8-1 isolate (T8-1) among the five Trichoderma strains. The highest inhibitory rates for Trichoderma T6 and its fermentation product against T8-1 mycelial growth were 72.13% and 68.25%, respectively. The obvious inhibition zone displayed on the colony interaction area between the colony of T8-1 isolate and Trichoderma T6 and the morphological characterization of the T8-1 hyphae were enlarged and malformed after inoculation with the Trichoderma T6 fermentation product at 20-fold dilution. Our results indicate that the strain of Trichoderma T6 could be considered as a beneficial biocontrol agent in managing brown rot of peach fruit disease.
RESUMEN
Background: Previous studies have clarified the relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) and hypertension; most of previous studies suggest that elevated uric acid levels are associated with an increased risk of hypertension, while in China, there are relatively few studies to explore above association. The objective of this longitudinal study is to investigate the correlation of SUA and hypertension in Chinese adults with a nationwide large-scale sample. Methods: Data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009, 2011, and 2016 were used; a total of 8,469 participants (3,973 men and 4,496 women) were involved. This study was conducted separately by gender. Clinical characteristics of the participants among different uric acid groups are compared. The binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the association between SUA and hypertension. Restricted cubic spline analysis with three knots of the SUA concentration were used to characterize the dose-response relationship. Additionally, we compared the incidence of hypertension in the different baseline uric acid groups during follow-up in 2011 and 2015. Results: After the covariates were fully adjusted, we found that elevated uric acid levels were correlated with increased risk of hypertension in both males (p < 0.01) and females (p < 0.01). With 2-year or 6-year of follow-up, we found participants with higher baseline uric acid levels had a higher incidence of hypertension (p < 0.01). In stratified analysis by obesity, above relationship remained significant in nonobesity population (males: p < 0.05, females: p < 0.01) and became nonsignificant in obesity people. In stratified analysis by age, above positively correlation remained significant in middle-aged men (p < 0.05) and elderly women (p < 0.01). Restricted cubic spline revealed the dose-response relationship between SUA and hypertension; we also found that above relationship was much stronger in females. Conclusion: This study suggests that elevated SUA levels might be positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension in general Chinese adults.
