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2.
Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) ; 49(2): 23-30, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33641290

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether rapid weight gain in early life was associated with the severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in children. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 190 patients (1-24 months) hospitalized for RSV bronchiolitis. Parameters of bronchiolitis severity were compared between rapid (change in weight z-score from birth >0.67, n = 65) and normal weight gain groups (n = 125). We assessed for correlations between bronchiolitis severity and weight gain. Linear regression was performed to predict for bronchiolitis severity based on weight gain, controlling for covariates. SPSS was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The rapid weight gain group had longer mean durations of tachypnea (2.3±2.0 vs. 1.7±1.8 days, P = 0.027), wheezing (3.2±2.5 vs. 1.6±1.8 days, P < 0.001), and chest retractions (1.5±2.2 vs. 0.6±1.3 days, P = 0.007). Correlations of weight gain with tachypnea (r = 0.146), wheezing (r = 0.279), and chest retractions (r = 0.179) were statistically significant. Weight gain predicted for tachypnea (B = 0.485, P = 0.013) and wheezing (B = 0.846, P = 0.001) durations after adjusting for covariates of severity (age, sex, current weight, RSV type, coinfection, recurrent bronchiolitis, hospital stay, fever, oxygen supplementation, maximal respiratory and heart rates, and laboratory indices). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an association between weight gain and severity of RSV bronchiolitis in young children. Weight gain was significantly associated with the durations of tachypnea and wheezing. The trajectory of weight gain in early life may play a significant role in the clinical course of RSV bronchiolitis.


Asunto(s)
Bronquiolitis/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/inmunología , Aumento de Peso/inmunología , Bronquiolitis/inmunología , Bronquiolitis/virología , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/inmunología , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad
3.
Pediatr Infect Dis J ; 39(11): 1012-1016, 2020 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33075217

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate recent epidemiologic features of Kawasaki disease (KD) in South Korea. METHODS: The ninth triennial nationwide questionnaire survey collected data on the demographic findings, symptoms and signs, treatment patterns and coronary artery complications of acute-phase KD occurred in 2015-2017 from 98 hospitals with pediatric residency programs and 108 community hospitals without residency programs. RESULTS: We received data from 93 of the 98 hospitals (response rate: 94.9%) with residency programs and 75 of the 108 community-based children's hospitals (response rate: 69.4%) without residency programs. In the 3-year survey period, a total of 15,378 (5449 in 2015, 5171 in 2016 and 4758 in 2017) cases of KD were reported. The mean age at diagnosis was 33.0 ± 24.8 months (range: 0-205 months), and the male-to-female ratio was 1.41:1. The overall KD incidence was 196.9 (202.2 in 2015, 197.1 in 2016 and 191.0 in 2017) per 100,000 younger than 5 years population. Recurrent cases were 4.85%. KD occurred more frequently during winter (December-January) and late spring (May-June). Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was administered to 95% of the patients; nonresponder rate for the first IVIG was 14.8%. Coronary artery aneurysms and giant coronary artery aneurysms (internal diameter >8 mm) occurred in 1.7% and 19 patients, respectively. Two patients died due to multiorgan failure and hepatic encephalopathy. CONCLUSION: Peak incidence of KD in South Korea was 202.2 per 100,000 younger than 5 years population (2015), and the incidence of giant coronary artery aneurysm decreased to 0.09% (2017).


Asunto(s)
Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Aneurisma Coronario/epidemiología , Aneurisma Coronario/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/uso terapéutico , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/complicaciones , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/tratamiento farmacológico , República de Corea/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
4.
Pediatr Neonatol ; 61(6): 584-591, 2020 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32680815

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is common among children and adolescents. The aims of this study were to identify clinical differences between patients with vasovagal syncope and those with epileptic seizures, which account for a large proportion of TLOC cases, and to evaluate the effectiveness of various diagnostic tests. METHODS: The medical records of 160 children and adolescents with TLOC were analyzed retrospectively, and age, sex, clinical symptoms, and trigger factors were recorded. The cardiological and neurological evaluations performed included electrocardiograms, computed tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalograms (EEGs), echocardiograms, and head-up tilt tests (HUTTs). Overall assessments of the 160 patients generated final diagnoses. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 14.6 years old and TLOC occurred more frequently among girls (59.4%). The most common final diagnosis was vasovagal syncope (n = 102, 63.4%), followed by undetermined (n = 21, 13.1%) and epileptic seizures (n = 17, 10.6%). There were many other diagnoses, including cardiogenic syncope (1.3%). Patients diagnosed with vasovagal syncope were much more likely to have dizziness or light-headedness and blurred vision as pre-symptoms (p < 0.05), whereas patients diagnosed with epileptic seizures were more likely to have convulsions as an accompanying sign (p < 0.05). In addition, standing up was the most significant trigger factor for TLOC among those diagnosed with vasovagal syncope (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the HUTT for vasovagal syncope were 95.1%, 75.0%, and 91.8%, respectively. Similarly, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of EEGs for epileptic seizures were 80.0%, 70.6%, and 80.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Vasovagal syncope and epileptic seizures should be considered as possible causes of most cases of TLOC in children and adolescents. An accurate case history and appropriate evaluation are essential for correct diagnoses.


Asunto(s)
Convulsiones/diagnóstico , Síncope Vasovagal/diagnóstico , Inconsciencia/etiología , Adolescente , Niño , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Electrocardiografía , Electroencefalografía , Femenino , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Convulsiones/complicaciones , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Síncope Vasovagal/complicaciones , Pruebas de Mesa Inclinada
6.
Korean J Pediatr ; 62(6): 235-239, 2019 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30404429

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: In Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, coronary artery complications, incomplete and refractory types occur more frequently in patients with streptococcal or other bacterial/viral infections. Recently, we observed a higher incidence of coronary lesions in KD patients with high anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer. Therefore, we hypothesized that KD patients diagnosed with concurrent streptococcal infection have poor prognosis, with respect to treatment response and development of coronary artery lesions. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed in 723 patients with KD who were admitted to 2 major hospitals between June 2010 and September 2017. RESULTS: Among 723 patients with KD, 11 initially showed an elevated ASO titer (>320 IU/mL) or elevated follow-up ASO titer after treatment. Of these patients, 5 showed no response to the first intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, 3 had abnormalities of the coronary arteries. This is a significantly higher proportion of patients with a high ASO titer (n=3, 27.3%) than those with a normal ASO titer (n=53, 7.4%; P=0.047). A severe clinical course was seen in 81.8% of patients in the high ASO group versus 14.5% of patients in the normal ASO group. CONCLUSION: It is not certain whether acute streptococcal infection may cause KD, but this study revealed that KD with high ASO titers showed higher rates of severe clinical course. It may be helpful to analyze concurrent streptococcal infection in patients with a severe clinical course.

7.
Biomed Rep ; 8(3): 301-303, 2018 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29564128

RESUMEN

Kawasaki disease (KD) is a childhood vascular disorder of unknown etiology. Concerns have recently been raised regarding vaccinations as a potential risk factor for KD. In addition, various forms of vasculitis have been reported as adverse events following administration after various vaccines. Patients exhibiting post vaccination KD have previously been described; however, thus far, to the best of our knowledge, only one patient exhibiting post influenza vaccination KD has been reported in Japan. The present study describes a case of KD 24 h after immunization with influenza in an infant (age, 18 months) following 6 days of high fever, a body rash that had persisted for 2 days and nonsuppurative bilateral conjunctivitis. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case in Korea and the present study reviews various recent studies regarding vasculitis following vaccination and the causal association between them.

8.
Korean Circ J ; 47(2): 209-214, 2017 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28382076

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intravenous immunoglobulin-SN (IVIG-SN) is a new human immunoglobulin product. Its safety is ensured by pathogen-elimination steps comprising solvent/detergent treatment and a nanofiltration process. This multicenter clinical study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined aspirin and high-dose IVIG-SN therapy in pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We evaluated coronary artery lesions (CALs) at 2 and 7 weeks after administering IVIG-SN; total fever duration; and variations in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide or B-type natriuretic peptide, and creatine kinase-myocardial band level before and after treatment with IVIG-SN (2 g/kg). Adverse events were monitored. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were enrolled, three of whom were excluded according to the exclusion criteria; the other 42 completed the study. The male:female ratio was 0.91:1, and the mean age was 29.11±17.23 months. The mean fever duration before IVIG-SN treatment was 6.45±1.30 days. Although most patients had complete KD (40 patients, 90.91%), four had atypical KD (9.09%). After IVIG-SN treatment, one patient (2.38%) had CALs, which was significantly lower than the incidence reported previously (15%) (p=0.022), but not significantly different from recent data (5%). There were no serious adverse events, though 28 patients (63.64%) had mild adverse events. Three adverse drug reactions occurred in 2 patients (eczema, anemia, and increased eosinophil count), all of which were transient. CONCLUSION: IVIG-SN treatment in patients with KD was safe and effective.

9.
Infect Chemother ; 49(1): 38-43, 2017 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28271651

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Mycoplasma is a common cause of respiratory infections and may require differential diagnosis from Kawasaki disease (KD). In this study, we investigated the frequency and clinical manifestations of mycoplasma infection in patients with KD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records of 375 in-patients admitted for treatment during the acute stage of KD, were collected, and reviewed retrospectively. Of these patients, 152 (40.5%) were also tested for recent mycoplasma infection. Patients with positive results (anti-mycoplasma IgM Ab >1:640 or cold agglutinin >1:64) were designated as the case group (n = 37, 24.3%) whereas those with negative results were designated as the control group (n = 115, 75.7%). Clinical findings of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Patients in the case group were older than those in the control group (mean age, 48.2 ± 32.1 months, vs. 31.7 ± 21.7 months; P = 0.001). There were significant differences between the case and control groups in the changes in the extremities (78.3% vs. 57.4%, respectively; P = 0.031), and in fever duration (6.5 ± 2.5 days vs. 5.4 ± 1.5 days; P = 0.047). Of the 37 patients with positive mycoplasma testing, 7 (18.9%) had persistent fever even after the symptoms and signs of systemic inflammation (acute phase of KD) had been resolved. These patients were positive for mycoplasma infection during further evaluation of persistent fever, and all of them responded to macrolide antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: We found that mycoplasma infection is somewhat related to KD. When fever persists after resolution of the acute stage of KD, mycoplasma infection may be considered as a possible cause of fever in preschool-aged children.

10.
Front Oncol ; 6: 209, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27800302

RESUMEN

Chemotherapy-induced mucositis can limit the effectiveness of cancer therapy and increase the risk of infections. However, no specific therapy for protection against mucositis is currently available. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effect of PLAG (1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-acetyl-rac-glycerol, acetylated diglyceride) in 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis animal models. Hamsters were administered 5-FU (80 mg/kg) intraperitoneally on days 0, 6, and 9. The animals' cheek pouches were then scratched equally with the tip of an 18-gage needle on days 1, 2, and 7. PLAG was administered daily at 250 mg/kg/day. PLAG administration significantly reduced 5-FU/scratching-induced mucositis. Dramatic reversal of weight loss in PLAG-treated hamsters with mucositis was observed. Histochemical staining data also revealed newly differentiated epidermis and blood vessels in the cheek pouches of PLAG-treated hamsters, indicative of recovery. Whole blood analyses indicated that PLAG prevents 5-FU-induced excessive neutrophil transmigration to the infection site and eventually stabilizes the number of circulating neutrophils. In a mouse mucositis model, mice with 5-FU-induced disease treated with PLAG exhibited resistance to body-weight loss compared with mice that received 5-FU or 5-FU/scratching alone. PLAG also dramatically reversed mucositis-associated weight loss and inhibited mucositis-induced inflammatory responses in the tongue and serum. These data suggest that PLAG enhances recovery from 5-FU-induced oral mucositis and may therefore be a useful therapeutic agent for treating side effects of chemotherapy, such as mucositis and cachexia.

11.
Korean J Pediatr ; 58(11): 440-5, 2015 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26692880

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Chest pain is common in children and adolescents and is a reason for referral to pediatric cardiologists. Although most cases of chest pain in these age groups are benign and do not require treatment, timely diagnosis is important not to miss life-threatening diseases requiring prompt treatment. We investigated certain clinical characteristics that may be useful in the diagnosis of such critical diseases. METHODS: Patient medical records between July 2006 and September 2013 were retrospectively examined. We included 517 patients who presented with chest pain to the Department of Pediatrics at Kyung Hee University Hospital in Gangdong. RESULTS: Most cases of chest pain were idiopathic in origin (73.6%), followed by cases with respiratory (9.3%), musculoskeletal (8.8%), cardiac (3.8%), gastrointestinal (2.9%), and psychiatric (1.4%) causes. In 6 patients (1.2%) with air-leak syndrome including pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum, the pain was abrupt, continuous, and lasted for a short period of 1-2 days after onset in the older adolescents. Of the patients with cardiac pain, 13 had cardiac arrhythmias (65.0%), 6 had congenital heart diseases (30%), and 1 had coronary aneurysms caused by Kawasaki disease (5.0%). One patient with atrial flutter had only symptoms of syncope and chest pain. CONCLUSION: The abrupt, continuous chest pain of a short duration in the older children was characteristic of air-leak syndrome. In patients with pneumomediastinum, radiological diagnosis was difficult without careful examination. Combined syncope should not be neglected and further cardiac workup is essential in such patients.

13.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 35(4): 601-7, 2014 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24163009

RESUMEN

Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog (SMAD) proteins are intracellular mediators of members of the transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) superfamily, which are activated by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). On activation, SMAD5 forms heterometric SMAD complexes, which are translated to the nucleus where they regulate gene transcription. TGF-ß induces T cell activation and cardiovascular disease, two important features of Kawasaki disease (KD), whereas BMP is associated with coronary artery disease. In this study, we hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SMAD5 may be associated with KD and coronary arterial lesions (CALs). Genotyping for 15 SNPs of the SMAD5 gene (rs3764941, rs10085013, rs6596284, rs7356756, rs13179769, rs13166063, rs1109158, rs4585442, rs4146185, rs12719481, rs6865297, rs3206634, rs6871224, rs1057898, and rs7031) was performed by direct sequencing of 105 KD patients and 303 healthy adult controls. We also compared the allele frequencies between a CAL group (n = 31) and a normal coronary group (n = 74). Results showed that among the 15 SNPs, rs3206634 was significantly associated with KD in a recessive model (odds ratio = 2.31, p = 0.019), whereas there was no association between any of the 15 SNPs and CALs. These findings may be used as a risk factors development of KD or for future generations of therapeutic treatments for KD.


Asunto(s)
ADN/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Proteína Smad5/genética , Adulto , Preescolar , Femenino , Genotipo , Humanos , Masculino , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Factores de Riesgo , Proteína Smad5/metabolismo
14.
Pediatr Cardiol ; 34(8): 1837-43, 2013.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23744100

RESUMEN

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administered in the acute stage of Kawasaki disease (KD) is the standard therapy. Few reports describe nonresponders to initial treatment with IVIG in KD, which remains the most consistent risk factor for coronary artery lesions (CALs). This study aimed to investigate whether the serum level of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) can be a predictive indicator for identifying patients with KD at higher risk of IVIG treatment failure. In this study, 135 patients with a diagnosis of KD admitted for IVIG treatment were retrospectively enrolled for analysis. Of these 135 patients, 22 were nonresponders who received additional rescue therapy because they had an elevated body temperature 36 h after completion of initial IVIG treatment. The NT-proBNP concentration was significantly higher in the nonresponder group (2,465.36 ± 3,293.24 pg/mL) than in the responder group (942.38 ± 1,293.48 pg/mL) (p < 0.05). The optimal sensitivity and specificity cutoff point for predicted nonresponders was 1,093.00 pg/mL or higher. The sensitivity and specificity for prediction of IVIG response were respectively 70.0 and 76.5 %. The findings show that NT-proBNP is a helpful marker in determining patients at risk for not responding to initial IVIG treatment. The authors suggest that patients with an NT-proBNP level of 1,093.00 pg/dL or higher are likely to fail initial IVIG and may require further rescue therapy.


Asunto(s)
Inmunoglobulinas Intravenosas/administración & dosificación , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/sangre , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/tratamiento farmacológico , Biomarcadores/sangre , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico , Fragmentos de Péptidos , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Insuficiencia del Tratamiento
15.
Korean J Pediatr ; 55(1): 18-23, 2012 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22359526

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) is a tumor suppressor gene that plays a role in the differentiation of striated cells and remodeling of coronary arteries. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene are associated with Marfan syndrome and sudden death in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular remodeling and T cell activation of TGFBR2 gene suggest that the TGFBR2 gene SNPs are related to the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery lesion (CAL). METHODS: The subjects were 105 patients with KD and 500 healthy adults as controls. Mean age of KD group was 32 months age and 26.6% of those had CAL. We selected TGFBR2 gene SNPs from serum and performed direct sequencing. RESULTS: The sequences of the eleven SNPs in the TGFBR2 gene were compared between the KD group and controls. Three SNPs (rs1495592, rs6550004, rs795430) were associated with development of KD (P=0.019, P=0.026, P=0.016, respectively). One SNP (rs1495592) was associated with CAL in KD group (P=0.022). CONCLUSION: Eleven SNPs in TGFBR2 gene were identified at that time the genome wide association. But, with the change of the data base, only six SNPs remained associated with the TGFBR2 gene. One of the six SNPs (rs6550004) was associated with development of KD. One SNP associated with CAL (rs1495592) was disassociated from the TGFBR2 gene. The other five SNPs were not functionally identified, but these SNPs are notable because the data base is changing. Further studies involving larger group of patients with KD are needed.

16.
Ann Clin Lab Sci ; 41(4): 360-3, 2011.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22166506

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of Kawasaki disease (KD) is based on clinical data and non-pathognomonic symptoms. As no specific diagnostic test for KD exists, BNP or NT-pro-BNP might be of importance in identifying KD. We compared serum hs-CRP and NT-pro-BNP level in the acute phase of 59 KD patients and evaluated the diagnostic performance of these laboratory markers in KD to estimate the cut-off level for differentiating KD from other febrile illnesses as age-matched controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups consisted of 59 KD patients in the disease group and 45 other patients with febrile illnesses as age-matched controls. NT-pro-BNP was measured using Elecsys proBNP (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany), and hs-CRP was tested with CardioPhase hs-CRP (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany). RESULTS: NT-pro-BNP levels were significantly higher in the KD patients than in the controls (P < 0.001). In the ROC curve analysis, the sensitivity was 66.10%, and the specificity was 77.08% at 235.2 pg/mL. hs-CRP levels tended to be higher in KD patients compared to controls. DISCUSSION: This study indicates that NT-pro-BNP might be a more useful laboratory marker as an adjuvant diagnostic tool for KD than hs-CRP. Especially in a patient with incomplete clinical features of KD, the diagnosis and the start of treatment were delayed to confirm a fever persisting for at least 5 days. Therefore, we expect that NT-pro- BNP would be especially useful for KD patients with these atypical clinical presentations.


Asunto(s)
Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Síndrome Mucocutáneo Linfonodular/sangre , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Curva ROC
17.
Korean J Pediatr ; 54(8): 335-9, 2011 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22087200

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Hyperhomocysteinemia is known as a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Preclinical arteriosclerosis is noted and premature atherosclerosis is known to be accelerated in Kawasaki disease (KD) patients. Genetic polymorphisms in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene result in elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations and are known to be associated with the development of coronary artery disease. Our hypothesis is that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MTHFR gene are related to the development of KD and coronary artery lesions (CALs). METHODS: For this study, we selected 3 candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2274976, rs1801131, and rs1801133) of MTHFR. These SNPs are located on chromosome 1p36.3. We included 101 KD patients and 306 healthy adults as controls in this study. CALs were seen in 38 patients. Genotypes of the selected SNPs were determined by direct sequencing and analyzed with SNPAlyze. RESULTS: The genetic distribution and allelic frequency of the 3 MTHFR SNPs (rs2274976, rs1801131, and rs1801133) were not significantly different in patients with KD compared to the control group (P=0.71, 0.17, and 0.96, respectively). There was no difference in the genetic distribution of the MTHFR SNPs between the normal control group and the CAL group (P=0.43, 0.39, 0.52 respectively). CONCLUSION: The genetic distribution of the MTHFR SNPs (rs2274976, rs1801131, and rs1801133) was not different in the KD group compared to the control group. In addition, the genetic distribution of these SNPs was not different in the CAL group compared to the control group in the Korean population.

19.
Opt Express ; 17(24): 21362-9, 2009 Nov 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19997376

RESUMEN

We present the results of a study of flat and uniform organic electroluminescent (EL) layers produced using a simple premetered horizontal-dipping process. It is shown that this process can produce high quality organic semiconductor thin films by utilizing the downstream meniscus of the solution, which may be controlled by adjusting the gap height and the carrying speed. It is also shown that the organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) produced using this method exhibit a peak brightness in excess of 52,000 cd/m(2) and a maximum efficiency of 24 cd/A, with a large active area. From these results, we show that this premetered process for solution coating offers considerable promise for the production of highly efficient, reliable, and large-area solution-processed OLEDs.

20.
Opt Express ; 17(16): 13830-40, 2009 Aug 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19654789

RESUMEN

We present the results of a study of flat and uniform poly(3-hexylthiophene):methanofullerene bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic (PV) layers that were produced by a simple pre-metered horizontal-dipping process for the fabrication of polymer solar cells (PSCs). It is shown that this process can produce high quality and thin films by utilizing the downstream meniscus of the solution, which can be controlled by adjusting experimental parameters of the gap height and the carrying speed. It is also shown that the produced PV film exhibits high power conversion efficiency of ca. 4.2% with a large active area. It was demonstrated that this pre-metered process for solution coating may be promising for achieving highly efficient, reliable, and large-area PSCs.


Asunto(s)
Suministros de Energía Eléctrica , Electroquímica/instrumentación , Fotoquímica/instrumentación , Polímeros/química , Polímeros/efectos de la radiación , Energía Solar , Diseño Asistido por Computadora , Diseño de Equipo , Análisis de Falla de Equipo , Propiedades de Superficie
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