RESUMEN
El objetivo fue valorar la influencia de la quimioterapia neoadyuvante (QNA) en la modificación de la expresión de receptores de estrógeno (RE) y progesterona (RP). Mediante una revisión retrospectiva de historias clínicas fueron identificadas 52 mujeres con cáncer de mama tratadas con quimioterapia neoadyuvante en el hospital Eva Perón de San Martín, entre diciembre de 2005 y junio de 2015. Se estudió la expresión de receptores hormonales (RH) en el material de biopsia y sobre la pieza quirúrgica después del tratamiento neoadyuvante. Se realizó una valoración semicuantitativa de la intensidad de tinción para los receptores hormonales, considerándose negativas aquellas muestras con menos del 10% de las células teñidas. De las 51 pacientes, 30 de ellos presentaron respuesta parcial (RPa), 17 enfermedad estable (EE) y 4 progresión de enfermedad (PE). Si comparamos las muestras pre y post tratamiento, 32 (62.7%) no presentaron cambios en el grado histológico según el score de Nottingham, 9 (17.6%) disminuyeron su grado y 10 (19.6%) lo aumentaron. Respecto al estatus de RH hormonal, se mantuvo sin cambios en 34, 2 positivizaron los RH y 4 los negativizaron. Al valorar cada receptor de forma independiente, se aprecia positivización en 4 casos para RE y en 5 para RP. La negativización se produce en 4 casos para RE y 9 casos para RP. Se mantienen sin cambios 42 casos para RE y 37 RP. La exposición a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante se acompañó de cambios en la expresión de RH en un número reducido de casos, predominando dichos cambios en los RP (AU)
The aim was to assess the influence of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the modification of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR). A retrospective review of clinical records identified 52 women with breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy at the Hospital Eva Perón de San Martin between December 2005 and June 2015. The expression of hormone receptors (HR) in the biopsy material and on the surgical specimen after neoadjuvant treatment, was studied. A semi-quantitative assessment of the intensity of staining for the hormonal receptors was performed, with negative samples being those with less than 10% of the stained cells. Of the 51 patients, 30 of them presented partial response, 17 stable disease and 4 disease progression. Comparing the pre and post treatment samples, 32 (62.7%) did not present changes in histological grade according to the Nottingham score, 9 (17.6%) decreased their grade and 10 (19.6%) increased it. Regarding HR status, it remained unchanged in 34, 2 positivized the HR and 4 negativized them. In an independent evaluation of each receptor, positivization is seen in 4 cases for RE and 5 for PR. Negativization occurs in 4 cases for RE and 9 cases for PR. Forty two cases remain unchanged for RE and 37 PR. The exposure to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was accompanied by changes in the expression of hormone receptors in a small number of cases, predominating these changes in PR (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Registros Médicos , Receptores de Estrógenos , Receptores de ProgesteronaRESUMEN
Metallothioneins are a family of small, cysteine-rich proteins with many functions. Immunohistochemical evaluation of all metallothionein 1 + 2 isoforms in colorectal tumors has demonstrated an important down-regulation compared with normal tissue, although its prognostic significance is unclear. Moreover, the contribution of individual isoforms to overall metallothionein down-regulation is not known. To address these important issues, we analyzed the messenger RNA expression levels of all functional metallothionein 1 + 2 isoforms by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 22 pairs of normal and tumor-microdissected epithelia and correlated these to the overall immunohistochemical protein expression. Our results showed that 5 isoforms (MT1G, 1E, 1F, 1H, and 1M) were lost during the transition from normal mucosa to tumor, whereas MT1X and MT2A were less down-regulated, and their expression was correlated with overall protein positivity. Second, we showed that MT1G hypermethylation occurred in cell lines and in 29% of tumor samples, whereas histone deacetylase inhibitors are able to induce most isoforms. Furthermore, we analyzed by immunohistochemistry 107 normal mucosae, 25 adenomas, 81 carcinomas, and 19 lymph node metastases to evaluate metallothionein expression during different stages of cancer development and to assess its relationship to patient survival. A lower immunohistochemical expression was associated with poorer survival, although it was not an independent predictor. Overall, this study identifies for the first time the relevant metallothionein isoforms for colorectal cancer progression, supports the concept that their loss is associated with worse prognosis, and suggests 2 mechanisms for epigenetic repression of metallothionein expression in colorectal tumors.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/secundario , Adenoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidad , Adenoma/genética , Adenoma/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Argentina/epidemiología , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/genética , Neoplasias Colorrectales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Metilación de ADN , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Silenciador del Gen , Humanos , Masculino , Metalotioneína/clasificación , Metalotioneína/genética , Persona de Mediana Edad , Isoformas de Proteínas , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Presentamos un paciente com melanoma amigdalino, tumoración endo y exofítica en orofaringe y adenopatías en región lateral del cuello y mediastino superior. Coexistencia con fractura patologíca de fémur izquierdo. No se demostraron otras lesiones cutáneo mucosas ni viscerales compatibles con metástasis melanógenas
