Heat and outpatient visits of skin diseases - A multisite analysis in China, 2014-2018.

Background: Many studies have shown that various kinds of diseases were associated with the variation of ambient temperature. However, there's only a scrap of evidence paying attention to the link between temperature and skin diseases, and no relevant national research was performed in China. Objective: This study aimed to quantify the effect of heat on skin diseases and identify the vulnerable populations and areas in China. Methods: Daily meteorological data, air pollutant data and outpatient data were collected from in 18 sites of China during 2014-2018. A time-series study with distributed lag nonlinear model and multivariate meta-analysis was applied to analyze the site-specific and pooled associations between daily mean temperature and daily outpatient visits of skin diseases by using the data of warm season (from June to September). Stratified analysis by age, sex and climate zones and subtypes of skin diseases were also conducted. Results: We found a positive linear relationship between the ambient temperature and risk of skin diseases, with a 1.25% (95%CI: 0.34%, 2.16%) increase of risk of outpatient visits for each 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature during the warm season. In general, groups aged 18-44 years, males and people living in temperate climate regions were more susceptible to high temperature. Immune dysfunction including dermatitis and eczema were heat-sensitive skin diseases. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that people should take notice of heat-related skin diseases and also provided some references about related health burden for strategy-makers. Targeted measures for vulnerable populations need to be taken to reduce disease burden, including monitoring and early warning systems, and sun-protection measures.

Air Pollution Health Impact Monitoring and Health Risk Assessment Technology and Its Application - China, 2006-2019.

Air pollution is a significant risk factor contributing to the burden of disease in China. Health risk assessment and management are important to reduce the impact of air pollution on public health. To help formulate standardized health risk assessment techniques, a series of studies were conducted from 2006 to 2019. Through systematic review, study of molecular mechanisms, epidemiological investigation, and health effect monitoring, the overall project established a monitoring and evaluation indicator system, a comprehensive information platform, software for automatic data cleaning, and standardized health risk assessment techniques. Technical specifications have been issued by the National Health Commission for promoting health risk assessments across China. This paper introduces the project, the research approach, its main research accomplishments, innovations, and public health significance, and describes directions for further research.

Impact of main vessel calcification on procedural and clinical outcomes of bifurcation lesion undergoing provisional single-stenting intervention: a multicenter, prospective, observational study.

BACKGROUND: Few data on the combined effects of bifurcation and calcification on coronary artery disease (CAD) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are available. This study evaluated the impact of main vessel (MV) calcification on the procedural and long-term outcomes in patients with CAD who underwent provisional single stent PCI. METHODS: This is a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Patients with bifurcation lesions were enrolled at 10 PCI centers in China from January 2015 to December 2017. Intravascular ultrasound or optical coherence tomography was performed in all patients to evaluate the MV calcification. Patients were treated with provisional single stent strategy using drug eluting stents and followed-up at 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after discharge by telephone contact or outpatient visit. Repeated coronary imaging was performed within one year. We compared the procedural success rates in MV and in side branch (SB), and target lesion failure (TLF), defined as a composite of cardiac death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, definite or possible stent thrombosis and target lesion revascularization between patients with and without MV calcification. RESULTS: A total of 185 subjects were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study. MV calcification was detected in 119 (64.3%, calcification group) and not found in 66 (35.7%, non-calcification group) patients. The angiographic success rate of MV was 95.8% in the calcification group and 97.0% in the non-calcification group (P = 0.91); the angiographic success rate of SB was 32.8% in the calcification group and 53.0% in the non-calcification group (P < 0.05). During the one-year follow-up period, TLF occurred in 14 (11.8%) patients in the calcification group and in 13 (19.7%) in the non-calcification group (P = 0.31). Multivariate regression analysis showed the same result (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.76-1.52, P = 0.47). Calcification on group had higher recurrent angina than non-calcification group (13.51% vs. 17.65%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with coronary bifurcation lesion treated with provisional one stent approach, calcification of MV is associated with lower SB procedural success rate, it could increase recurrence of angina; however, it was not associated with an increased risk of TLF.

[Design and implementation of online statistical analysis function in information system of air pollution and health impact monitoring].

OBJECTIVE: To implement the online statistical analysis function in information system of air pollution and health impact monitoring, and obtain the data analysis information real-time. METHODS: Using the descriptive statistical method as well as time-series analysis and multivariate regression analysis, SQL language and visual tools to implement online statistical analysis based on database software. RESULTS: Generate basic statistical tables and summary tables of air pollution exposure and health impact data online; Generate tendency charts of each data part online and proceed interaction connecting to database; Generate butting sheets which can lead to R, SAS and SPSS directly online. CONCLUSION: The information system air pollution and health impact monitoring implements the statistical analysis function online, which can provide real-time analysis result to its users.

[Implementation and application of the new information system of air pollution and health impact monitoring].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a new information system of air pollution and health effects surveillance including of data collection, data management, data quality control and statistics and visual display. METHODS: To integrate the limits of authority, process management, quality control into the whole process of data collecting, data processing, data auditing and statistics through B/S framework according to the design concept of separating the professional applications from permissions management, and the data centralized management. RESULTS: The key functions of the information system including data collection, three level auditing, statistics, visual display and system management have been implemented. The system has been applied in the national project of 31 provinces, 65 cities and 126 monitoring points. Up to now there is more than 16 million business records stored in the system and the amount of the data has reached more than 10 G. CONCLUSION: The new information system has run well since it is online. It has not only met the monitoring requirements but also provided the foundational support for the research and policy making.

[Application of classified protection of information security in the information system of air pollution and health impact monitoring].

OBJECTIVE: To study the application of classified protection of information security in the information system of air pollution and health impact monitoring, so as to solve the possible safety risk of the information system. METHODS: According to the relevant national standards and requirements for the information system security classified protection, and the professional characteristics of the information system, to design and implement the security architecture of information system, also to determine the protection level of information system. RESULTS: Basic security measures for the information system were developed in the technical safety and management safety aspects according to the protection levels, which effectively prevented the security risk of the information system. CONCLUSION: The information system established relatively complete information security protection measures, to enhanced the security of professional information and system service, and to ensure the safety of air pollution and health impact monitoring project carried out smoothly.

[Designing and implementation of the data quality control in the information system of air pollution and health impact monitoring].

OBJECTIVE: To implement the data quality control in the information system of air pollution and health impact monitoring, and improve the data quality. METHODS: Building the rule database recognized by the computer through summarizing and refining data quality verification rules to control the data quality through off-line quality control and on-line quality control. RESULTS: The data quality control in the whole process is realized, which includes data collection, toolkit verification, document verification, data checking and data auditing. CONCLUSION: The information system of air pollution and health impact monitoring has realized the automatic data quality control, which can provide the experience and demonstration for the other surveillance and scientific research.

[Development of a method for cleaning outpatient data rapidly and generating statistical reports automatically to the analysis of time series on the air pollution and disease].

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for cleaning the outpatient data rapidly and generating the statistical reports automatically. METHODS: Formulating the cleaning rules according to the data characters, writing programs to clean the individual cases and generate the statistical reports using the SQL language. RESULTS: It could clean the different individual cases rapidly, calculate the daily outpatient visits and generate the statistical reports automatically with high accuracy. CONCLUSION: The method can apply to the data processing of the hospital cases, first aid cases, cause-of-death data and health records. It not only can process large amounts of data flexibly, conveniently and quickly, but also has great practical value. So it is the necessary way to the health risk assessment of air pollution.