Knockdown of S100A2 inhibits the aggressiveness of endometrial cancer by activating STING pathway.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is a kind of gynaecological cancer. S100A2 is a newfound biomarker to diagnose endometrial cancer. This study was to investigate the role of S100A2 on regulating migration and invasion of endometrial cancer. METHODS: The mRNA and protein levels of S100A2 were obtained by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and western blot methods. Cell viability was measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were quantified using transwell assays. Western blot assay was conducted to quantify protein expressions of epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related proteins (N-cadherin and E-cadherin). Furthermore, in vivo tumour formation experiments were performed to evaluate the role of S100A2 on tumour xenografts. RESULTS: S100A2 was significantly up-regulated in endometrial cancer tissues. Knockdown of S100A2 inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells. Meanwhile, STING pathway was activated by the inhibited S100A2. STING inhibitor C-176 significantly reversed the effects of S100A2 knockdown on aggressive behaviours of endometrial cancer cells. Inhibition of S100A2 dramatically suppresses the tumour growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: S100A2 functions as an oncogene in endometrial cancer. Targeting S100A2 may be a promising therapeutic method to treat endometrial carcinoma.

This study was to investigate the role of S100A2 on regulating migration and invasion of endometrial cancer. S100A2 was significantly up-regulated in endometrial cancer tissues. Knockdown of S100A2 inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion of endometrial cancer cells. Meanwhile, STING pathway was activated by the inhibited S100A2. STING inhibitor C-176 significantly reversed the effects of S100A2 knockdown on aggressive behaviours of endometrial cancer cells. Inhibition of S100A2 dramatically suppresses the tumour growth in vivo. S100A2 functions as an oncogene in endometrial cancer. Targeting S100A2 may be a promising therapeutic method to treat endometrial carcinoma.

Tunable C4-Symmetry-Broken Metasurfaces Based on Phase Transition of Vanadium Dioxide (VO2).

Coupling is a ubiquitous phenomenon observed in various systems, which profoundly alters the original oscillation state of resonant systems and leads to the unique optical properties of metasurfaces. In this study, we introduce a terahertz (THz) tunable coupling metasurface characterized by a four-fold rotation (C4) symmetry-breaking structural array achieved through the incorporation of vanadium dioxide (VO2). This disruption of the C4 symmetry results in dynamically controlled electromagnetic interactions and couplings between excitation modes. The coupling between new resonant modes modifies the peak of electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) within the C4 symmetric metasurfaces, simulating the mutual interference process between modes. Additionally, breaking the C4 symmetry enhances the mirror asymmetry, and imparts distinct chiral properties in the far-field during the experimental process. This research demonstrates promising applications in diverse fields, including biological monitoring, light modulation, sensing, and nonlinear enhancement.

Gold nanorods contained polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan nanofiber matrix for cell imaging and drug delivery.

Gold nanorods (AuNRs) that contained polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) hybrid nanofibers with dual functions are successfully fabricated by a simple electrospinning method. The results of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy indicate that AuNRs are indeed encapsulated into the PVA/CS hybrid nanofibers. FTIR spectra results demonstrate that the chemical structures of PVA and CS are not affected when the AuNRs are introduced into the fibers. In vitro cytotoxicity test reveals that the hybrid fibers involving AuNRs are completely biocompatible. The as-prepared fibers can be used as a carrier for anticancer agent doxorubicin (DOX), and the drug is delivered into the cell nucleus. The AuNRs and DOX incorporated fibers are effective for inhibiting the growth and proliferation of ovary cancer cells and they can also be used as the cell imaging agent due to the unique optical properties of AuNRs. The nanofiber matrix combining two functions of cell imaging and drug delivery may be of great application potential in biomedical-related areas.

Biocompatible core-shell electrospun nanofibers as potential application for chemotherapy against ovary cancer.

Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) core-shell nanofibers are successfully fabricated by a simple coaxial electrospinning method, in which PVA forms the core layer and CS forms the shell layer. With the change of the feed ratio between PVA and CS, the surface morphology and the microstructures of the nanofibers are largely changed. The as-prepared core-shell fibers can be used as a carrier for doxorubicin (DOX) delivery. FT-IR analysis demonstrates that hydrogen bond between CS and PVA chains forms. The results of in vitro cytotoxicity test indicate that the core-shell fibers are completely biocompatible and the free DOX shows higher cytotoxicity than the DOX loaded nanofibers. The standing PVA/CS core-shell fibers remarkably promote the attachment, proliferation and spreading of human ovary cancer cells (SKOV3). Via observing by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), the DOX released from the fibers can be delivered into SKOV3 cell nucleus, which is significant for the future tumor therapy. And, the as-prepared fibers exhibit controlled release for loaded DOX via adjusting the feed ratio between PVA and CS, and the DOX loaded nanofibers are quite effective in prohibiting the SKOV3 ovary cells attachment and proliferation, which are potential for chemotherapy of ovary cancer.