Spiritual Needs of Iranian Patients with COVID-19: A Qualitative Study.

Facing crises, life problems, and illnesses, many people turn to religion, spirituality, and faith as a psychosocial adjustment approach. This qualitative study assessed the spiritual needs of fourteen Iranian patients who recovered from COVID-19. Qualitative content analysis resulted in three themes, including "composure" with three categories of "prayer", "hope", and "connection"; "meaning in the life" comprising two categories of "a new prospect of life" and "the power of nature"; and "global responsibility" involving one category of "the relationships between individuals, communities, and the world". This study highlighted that patients relied on spirituality to cope with COVID-19 disease.

Validation of post-traumatic growth inventory in mothers with the experience of having the NICU-Hospitalized newborns "validation of post-traumatic growth inventory".

AIMS: Investigating post-traumatic growth (PTG) in mothers with the experience of having a preterm newborn hospitalized in the NICU requires a valid tool. This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Farsi version of the post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) in mothers with the experience of having their newborns hospitalized in the NICU. DESIGN: This study was methodological research. METHODS: In this study, 250 mothers who had newborns with a history of NICU hospitalization during the last 3 to 12 months and had visited paediatric clinics of the selected hospitals in Tehran with the aim of having their children's condition examined were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and PTGI. The face validity, the construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), and the internal consistency reliability of the inventory were measured using SPSS V22 and LISREL V8.8. RESULTS: According to appropriate values for factor analysis fit indices (FI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.07, IFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.93, RFI = 0.91, NNFI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.07), 21 items and 5 factors were confirmed for this inventory. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this inventory was measured as α = 0.94. CONCLUSION: According to favourable psychometric properties, the Farsi version of PTGI is a suitable tool for studying PTG in mothers with the experience of having preterm newborns in the NICU. Using PTGI can help nurses in planning family-centered care interventions to reduce the impact of the mental trauma caused by the preterm newborn's hospitalization in parents. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Mothers who had newborns with a history of NICU hospitalization during the last 3-12 months.

Development and Psychometric Properties of a Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale for Patients With COVID-19.

The current mixed methods, exploratory study aimed to develop and determine the psychometrics of a scale to assess the spiritual needs of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The study was performed in two stages: qualitative and quantitative. Through 14 interviews with patients with COVID-19, three themes, including Composure, Meaning in Life, and Global Responsibility, were formed. In the quantitative stage, content validity was achieved through the comments of 10 experts and patients. A total of 330 participants completed the instrument to assess construct validity. Exploratory factor analysis with 29 items and four subscales was performed, indicating a 6-point Likert scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.82 for the whole scale and 0.85, 0.81, 0.79, and 0.72 for the Composure, Communication, Meaning in Life, and Global Responsibility subscales, respectively. Intraclass correlation coefficient (test-retest analysis) was 0.79 and showed acceptable stability for the scale. The "Spiritual Needs Assessment Scale for COVID-19 Patients" is a 29-item multi-dimensional scale with robust psychometric properties, which can measure various aspects regarding the spiritual needs of patients with COVID-19. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60(4), 47-54.].

Psychometric evaluation of "Family Inventory of Needs" in parents of cancer children.

PURPOSE: Early childhood cancer creates various challenges in parents' lives and influences new needs, the identification of which requires a valid and reliable tool. The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Family Inventory of Needs (FIN) with the parents of children with cancer. METHOD: In this methodological research, 210 parents of children with cancer visiting pediatric oncology referral centers in Iran were selected through convenience sampling, based on the study inclusion criteria. The Farsi version of FIN was developed through translation and back-translation. Face validity as well as construct validity using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were performed. The correlation between the score of FIN and the score of Caring Ability of Family Caregivers of Patients with Cancer-mothers' version (CAFCPC-mother's version) was also calculated in order to evaluate the convergent validity. Furthermore, the stability and internal consistency reliability were investigated using software packages LISREL and SPSS. RESULTS: The results of CFA showed that the single-factor structure of the tool with 20 items has an appropriate fit with the data and is therefore approved. Pearson coefficient (r) of the correlation between the mean scores of the NFI and the CAFCPC-mothers' version was calculated to be 0.17 (p < 0.01). The Cronbach's alpha of the tool was calculated as 0.90, and the test-retest correlation coefficient as ICC = 0.91. CONCLUSION: The Farsi version of the FIN has appropriate psychometric properties among the population of Iranian parents of children with cancer. It may therefore be a suitable tool for measuring the emotional, physical, and psychological support provided for the parents of children with cancer.

Psychometric Properties of the Farsi Version of "Spiritual Needs Questionnaire" for Cancer Patients in Iran: A Methodological Study

Background and objectives: Spiritual needs are very important requirements to cancer patients. A valid and reliable instrument is needed for evaluation. This study was conducted to psychometrically evaluate a Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) for cancer patients in Iran. Methods: In this study, the methodology and psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the SpNQ (Büssing et al., (2010)) were evaluated, based on the model proposed by Wilde et al., (2005). The study population included cancer patients referred to the largest referral center in Iran. Some 400 subjects were selected. Then, the content, face and construct validity, as well as the internal consistency and reliability of the Farsi version were assessed. Findings: In the confirmatory factor analysis, the original four-factor version with 19 phrases was not confirmed. Subsequently, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out in which phrases were included in three dimensions (peace and active giving, religion, and existence) that explained 48.1% of the variance. Later, a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted, which showed a good fit of the model (CFI=0.94, GFI=0.94, RMSEA=0.071, and AGFI=0.96). Cronbach's alpha was α=0.91 for the whole SpNQ. Cronbach's alpha values ranged from 0.76 to 0.86 for the three factors. The intra-class correlation coefficient was ICC=0.82 between two tests performed with a two-week interval. Conclusion: The modified Farsi version of the SpNQ shows good psychometric properties for patients and can be used to investigate the spiritual needs of Iranian cancer patients.

Spiritual needs of cancer patients: a qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis of cancer can cause huge spiritual crisis in a person and affect different aspects of life. At this stage, patients have certain spiritual needs. AIM: This study was conducted to explain spiritual needs of cancer patients in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this qualitative study, 18 cancer patients, referred to the Cancer Institute of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Tehran were selected using purposive sampling method, and their spiritual needs emerged out of conventional content analysis of interviews conducted with them. RESULTS: From 1850 initial codes, 4 themes (connection, peace, meaning and purpose, and transcendence) were identified that contained categories of social support, normal behavior, inner peace, seeking forgiveness, hope, acceptance of reality, seeking meaning, ending well, change of life meaning, strengthening spiritual belief, communication with God, and prayer. CONCLUSIONS: Spiritual needs of cancer patients should be recognized, realized, and considered in care of patients by the medical team. An all-out support of health system policy makers to meet patients' spiritual needs is particularly important.

Congestive heart failure: Predictors of health-related quality of life in Iranian women.

UNLABELLED: Abstract Background and Objectives: Identify the factors affecting quality of life (QOL) is one of the major goals for improving the Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QOL) in patients suffering from Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Considering the fact that there are few published studies in this regard in Iran, as a developing country, this research was designed to determine the HR-QOL in Iranian CHF patients and its related factors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this cross-sectional study, random sampling was used to select 1840 female CHF patients. After obtaining informed consent, patients' demographic and disease-related data (using a researcher-made questionnaire which assessed eight dimensions including role-physical, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, role-emotional, social functioning and mental health), and the HR-QOL data (using the SF-36 questionnaire) were assessed and analyzed with SPSS version 15. RESULTS: A high proportion of the participants had an unfavorable HR-QOL in physical functioning (44.56%), role-physical (49.55%), role-emotional (59.83%), mental health (54.50%), and general health (53.36%) dimensions and a relatively favorable HR-QOL in social functioning (50.57%), vitality (49.26%), and body pain dimensions (52.55%). A significant relationship was found between the HR-QOL and the employment status, level of education, being cared for at home, functional capacity, disease duration, frequency of medical encounter and hospitalization, duration of hypertension and concurrent CHF, presence of edema, presence of disease symptoms and morbidities, intensity of fatigue at the study time and previous months, and the type of medications. CONCLUSION: According to the results, QOL in CHF patients was unfavorable in the scales of general health, role-emotional, and mental health.

Congestive Heart Failure: Predictors of Health Related Quality of Life in Iranian Women.

Abstract Background and Objectives: Identify the factors affecting quality of life (QOL) is one of the major goals for improving the Health Related Quality Of Life (HR-QOL) in patients suffering from Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). Considering the fact that there are few published studies in this regard in Iran, as a developing country, this research was designed to determine the HR-QOL in Iranian CHF patients and its related factors. Methods and Materials: In this cross-sectional study, random sampling was used to select 1840 female CHF patients. After obtaining informed consent, patients' demographic and disease-related data (using a researcher-made questionnaire which assessed eight dimensions including role-physical, physical functioning, bodily pain, general health, vitality, role-emotional, social functioning and mental health), and the HR-QOL data (using the SF-36 questionnaire) were assessed and analyzed with SPSS version 15. Results: A high proportion of the participants had an unfavorable HR-QOL in physical functioning (44.56%), role-physical (49.55%), role-emotional (59.83%), mental health (54.50%), and general health (53.36%) dimensions and a relatively favorable HR-QOL in social functioning (50.57%), vitality (49.26%), and body pain dimensions (52.55%). A significant relationship was found between the HR-QOL and the employment status, level of education, being cared for at home, functional capacity, disease duration, frequency of medical encounter and hospitalization, duration of hypertension and concurrent CHF, presence of edema, presence of disease symptoms and morbidities, intensity of fatigue at the study time and previous months, and the type of medications. Conclusion: According to the results, QOL in CHF patients was unfavorable in the scales of general health, role-emotional, and mental health.