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OBJECTIVE: To address the relationship between the proportions of carbohydrates and fat and hyperglycaemia in the Chinese population. DESIGN: A cross-section research involving data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009, and nutritional status and health indicators were mainly focused. SETTING: China. PARTICIPANTS: 8197 Chinese individuals aged over 16 years, including 1345 subjects who had a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet, 3951 individuals who had a medium proportion of carbohydrate and fat diet, 2660 participants who had a high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet and 241 people who had a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet. RESULTS: Subjects with the high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet were significantly associated with an increased risk of hyperglycaemia (OR: 1·142; 95 % CI: 1·022, 1·276) when compared with the individuals with the medium proportion of carbohydrate and fat diet. Meanwhile, people with a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet had a higher risk of hyperglycaemia (OR: 1·829; 95 % CI: 1·377, 2·429). In contrast, the association between participants with a low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet and hyperglycaemia was NS (OR: 1·082; 95 % CI: 0·942, 1·243) with adjusting a series of confounding factors. Furthermore, people with a very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diet were significantly associated with a higher risk of hyperglycaemia in the major energy levels and social characteristics subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: We found the high-carbohydrate and low-fat and very-high-carbohydrate and low-fat diets were significantly associated with a high risk of hyperglycaemia. And, the association between low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets and the risk of hyperglycaemia was NS.
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Carbohidratos de la Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta , Hiperglucemia , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/epidemiología , Hiperglucemia/etiología , Hiperglucemia/sangre , China/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Transversales , Factores de Riesgo , Encuestas Nutricionales , Adulto Joven , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Adolescente , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Anciano , Estado Nutricional , Pueblos del Este de AsiaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies reported that depression was associated with a high risk of arthritis. However, the effect of different long-term depressive symptom trajectory patterns on the risk of arthritis has not been evaluated. Our study aimed to explore the association between depressive symptom trajectories and the risk of arthritis. METHODS: A total of 5583 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018 were included in this analysis. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify depressive symptom trajectories, and a multivariable competitive Cox regression model was used to examine the association of depressive symptom trajectories with arthritis during follow-up. RESULTS: Five depressive symptom trajectories were identified in our research: stable-high, decreasing, increasing, stable-moderate and stable-low. Compared with participants in the stable-low trajectory group, those in the stable-moderate, increasing, decreasing and stable-high trajectory groups had a higher cumulative risk of arthritis, with HRs (95% CIs) for arthritis of 1.64 (1.30, 2.07), 1.86 (1.30, 2.66), 1.99 (1.41, 2.80) and 2.19 (1.38, 3.48), respectively. Participants with the stable-high symptoms trajectory had the highest cumulative risk of arthritis. There was still a high risk of arthritis, although the depression state was reduced and remained at a level that is generally considered reasonable. CONCLUSIONS: The higher depressive symptoms trajectories were significantly associated with the increased risk of arthritis, and the long-term depressive symptoms trajectories may be a strong predictor of having arthritis.
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PURPOSE: The Liyang cohort study on chronic diseases and risk factors monitoring in China (Liyang Study) is a prospective population-based study which aims to investigate and identify the determinants of the most prevalent chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and to evaluate the impact of demographic characteristics, lifestyle, dietary habits, cognition, disability and NCDs on the health-related quality of life. PARTICIPANTS: Between March 2019 and June 2020, 10 056 individuals aged ≥18 years were administered a baseline survey through a multistage cluster random sampling in Liyang City, southern Jiangsu Province, China. FINDINGS TO DATE: The Liyang Study included detailed sociodemographic, anthropometric and health-related behaviour, common NCDs and blood sample information. Moreover, the study gathered a series of data on specific scales including the activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, abbreviated mental test, Food Frequency Questionnaire and EuroQol 5-Dimensions 5-Levels Scale. Of the 10 056 participants, 52.92% (n=5322) were female and 92.26% (n=9278) came from rural areas. The mean age was 49.9±16.2 years. Men were more likely to have a higher level of education, annual income and a paid job than women (p<0.05). The top three overall most prevalent NCDs in the study were hypertension (18.06%, n=1815), digestive diseases (7.88%, n=791), and arthritis or rheumatism (5.28%, n=530). Women had a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (5.46%, n=290 vs 4.42%, n=209, p=0.016) and arthritis (6.04%, n=321 vs 4.42%, n=209, p<0.001) than men, while the opposite was true for chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.37%, n=65 vs 0.92%, n=49, p=0.032) and chronic hepatic diseases (0.80%, n=38 vs 0.47%, n=25, p=0.035). FUTURE PLANS: The current study will give valuable insights into the association between sociodemographic factors, health-related behaviour, diet, cognition, disability and genetic factors and the most prevalent NCDs among local community residents. Starting from 2022, a follow-up survey will be conducted every 3 years to further explore the causal relationship between the above factors and NCDs.
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Artritis , Enfermedades no Transmisibles , Actividades Cotidianas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Estudios Prospectivos , Calidad de Vida , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Our study aims to investigate the association between SRH and all-cause mortality, and to investigate whether the SRH-mortality association varies across different socioeconomic status (SES) groups among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. We used data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), including 11,762 participants for the final analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was conducted to investigate the association between SRH status and subsequent mortality. There were 724 death events occurred. The results were shown that fair/poor SRH participants tend to die than better SRH peers (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.12-1.91). The association only occurred in those with rural residency (HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.05-2.04), those who were literate (HR 1.65, 95% CI 1.17-2.33), those with above-average household income (HR 1.95, 95% CI 1.15-3.29) and those working in agriculture and below (HR 1.38, 95% CI 1.02-1.88). In conclusion, worse SRH may be a predictor of all-cause mortality among middle-aged and elderly Chinese, especially in people with rural residency, literacy, above-average household income and working in agriculture and below.
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Estado de Salud , Clase Social , Adulto , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Población RuralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Visceral adipose index (VAI) had been widely used to predict the risks of several diseases. However, few studies have clarified the association between VAI and the risk of hypertension in Chinese population. Thus, we investigate the association between VAI and the increased risk of hypertension in a nationwide cohort of middle-aged and elderly adults in China. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2015. A total of 5200 Chinese participants aged 45 years and older were included. Multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of hypertension, with the lowest quartile of VAI score group as the reference. During the 4-years follow-up, 979 cases of hypertension were recorded. Compared with those in the lowest VAI score group, the participants with the highest quartile of VAI score were at a higher risk level of hypertension (HR: 1.454; 95% CI 1.204 to 1.755), especially subjects living in the urban area (2.142, 1.522 to 3.014). Furthermore, VAI can improve the ability of both BMI and WC in predicting the risk of hypertension by 12.72% (95% CI: 5.78%-19.67%) and 10.12% (95% CI: 3.17%-17.07%), respectively. CONCLUSION: In summary, VAI was positively associated with an increased risk of hypertension among a middle-aged and elderly Chinese population; VAI score can improve the ability of BMI and WC in predicting risk of hypertension.
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Presión Sanguínea , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Grasa Intraabdominal/fisiopatología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Adiposidad , Factores de Edad , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Hipertensión/diagnóstico , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Pronóstico , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Salud UrbanaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to expound the dietary effects of different proportions of carbohydrate and fat on hypertension in the Chinese population. METHODS: We used data derived from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) from 1991 to 2011. In total, 10â459 Chinese participants aged over 12 years were included in the final analysis. A multivariable Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of hypertension in each group, and the medium proportion of carbohydrate and fat (MPCF) diet intake group was used as the reference. RESULTS: Compared with the participants who consumed an MPCF diet, the individuals who consumed a high-carbohydrate and low-fat (HCLF) diet had a higher risk of developing hypertension (hazard ratio: 1.295, 95% CI: 1.167-1.436), especially the individuals who were young (hazard ratio: 1.422, 95% CI: 1.106-1.828), were living in rural areas (hazard ratio: 1.373, 95% CI: 1.206-1.565) and consumed alcohol (hazard ratio: 1.363, 95% CI: 1.153-1.611). In addition, a low-carbohydrate and high-fat (LCHF) diet was not associated with hypertension (hazard ratio: 0.861, 95% CI: 0.694-1.068). Moreover, these associations were observed at the majority energy intake level. CONCLUSION: An HCLF diet was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension.
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Dieta , Hipertensión , Anciano , Carbohidratos , China/epidemiología , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Grasas de la Dieta/efectos adversos , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/etiología , Encuestas NutricionalesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This study aims to estimate the losses of quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) due to the joint effects of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity, and to further confirm additional losses attributable to this interaction among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people. METHODS: The National Cause of Death Monitoring Data were linked with the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A mapping and assignment method was used to estimate health utility values, which were further used to calculate QALE. Losses of QALE were measured by comparing the differences between subgroups. All the losses of QALE were displayed at two levels: the individual and population levels. RESULTS: At age 45, the individual-level and population-level losses of QALE attributed to the combination of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity were 7.61 (95% CI: 5.68, 9.57) years and 4.30 (95% CI: 3.43, 5.20) years, respectively. The losses for cognitive impairment alone were 3.10 (95% CI: 2.29, 3.95) years and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.32, 2.13) years at the two levels. Similarly, the losses for multimorbidity alone were 3.53 (95% CI: 2.53, 4.56) years and 1.91 (95% CI: 1.24, 2.63) years at the two levels. Additional losses due to the interaction of cognitive impairment and multimorbidity were indicated by the 0.98 years of the individual-level gap and 0.67 years of the population-level gap. CONCLUSION: Among middle-aged and elderly Chinese people, cognitive impairment and multimorbidity resulted in substantial losses of QALE, and additional QALE losses were seen due to their interaction at both individual and population levels.
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Disfunción Cognitiva , Esperanza de Vida , Adulto , Anciano , China/epidemiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Multimorbilidad , Años de Vida Ajustados por Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
Dietary quality is an important factor influencing prediabetes, but few studies have applied the Chinese Diet Balance Index (DBI-16) to evaluate the dietary quality of individuals with prediabetes and explore the associations between dietary quality and prediabetes. In our study, the lower-bound score, higher-bound score and diet quality distance, were respectively calculated to assess dietary quality based on each food group. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of unfavorable dietary quality leading to prediabetes in every subgroup. The results were shown that individuals with prediabetes had excessive intake in the categories of cereals, salt and inadequate intake in vegetables, fish and diet variety than participants without prediabetes (all P < 0.01). Unfavourable dietary quality was significantly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes (OR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.29-1.63), especially among the subjects who lived in rural areas (OR: 1.63, 95%CI: 1.25-1.76), those who had abdominal obesity (OR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.36-1.85), those who smoked (OR: 1.58, 95%CI: 1.30-1.93), those who consumed alcohol (OR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.28-1.93) and those who did not drink tea (OR: 1.64, 95%CI: 1.42-1.88). In Conclusion, unfavourable dietary quality was significantly associated with an increased risk of prediabetes.