Heat-killed Prevotella intermedia promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by inhibiting the expression of tumor suppressors and affecting the tumor microenvironment.

BACKGROUND: Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our previous study showed that Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia) were enriched in the oral mucosal surface, plaque, and saliva of patients with OSCC. Intratumoral microbiome could reshape the immune system and influence the development of various tumors. However, the invasion status of human OSCC tissues by P. intermedia and the pathway through which intratumoral P. intermedia potentiates tumor progression remain unexplored. METHODS: P. intermedia in human OSCC or normal tissues was detected by FISH. A mouse OSCC cell line SCC7 was adopted to investigate the effects of heat-killed P. intermedia treatment on cell proliferation, invasion, and cytokine release by using CCK-8 assay, transwell invasion assay and ELISA. Moreover, we established a mouse transplanted tumor model by using SCC7 cells, injected heat-killed P. intermedia into tumor tissues, and investigated the effects of heat-killed P. intermedia on tumor growth, invasion, cytokine levels, immune cell infiltrations, and expression levels by using gross observation, H&E staining, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, mRNA sequencing, and transcriptomic analysis. RESULTS: Our results indicated that P. intermedia were abundant in OSCC and surrounding muscle tissues. Heat-killed P. intermedia promoted SCC7 cell proliferation, invasion and proinflammatory cytokine secretions, accelerated transplanted tumor growth in mice, exacerbate muscle and perineural invasion of OSCC, elevated the serum levels of IL-17A, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and PD-L1, induced Treg cells M2 type macrophages in mouse transplanted tumors. The data of transcriptomic analysis revealed that heat-killed P. intermedia increased the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines while reduced the expression levels of some tumor suppressor genes in mouse transplanted tumors. Additionally, IL-17 signaling pathway was upregulated whereas GABAergic system was downregulated by heat-killed P. intermedia treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our results suggest that P. intermedia could inhibit the expression of tumor suppressors, alter the tumor microenvironment, and promote the progression of OSCC.

Oral Bacteriome and Mycobiome across Stages of Oral Carcinogenesis.

Oral microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Numerous studies have focused on variations in the oral bacterial microbiota of patients with OSCC. However, similar studies on fungal microbiota, another integral component of the oral microbiota, are scarce. Moreover, there is an evidence gap regarding the role that microecosystems play in different niches of the oral cavity at different stages of oral carcinogenesis. Here, we catalogued the microbial communities in the human oral cavity by profiling saliva, gingival plaque, and mucosal samples at different stages of oral carcinogenesis. We analyzed the oral bacteriome and mycobiome along the health-premalignancy-carcinoma sequence. Some species, including Prevotella intermedia, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Acremonium exuviarum, and Aspergillus fumigatus, were enriched, whereas others, such as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. salivarius, Scapharca broughtonii, Mortierella echinula, and Morchella septimelata, were depleted in OSCC. These findings suggest that an array of signature species, including bacteria and fungi, are closely associated with oral carcinogenesis. OSCC-associated diversity differences, species distinction, and functional alterations were most remarkable in mucosal samples, not in gingival plaque or saliva samples, suggesting an urgent need to define oral carcinogenesis-associated microbial dysbiosis based on the spatial microbiome. IMPORTANCE Abundant oral microorganisms constitute a complex microecosystem within the oral environment of the host, which plays a critical role in the adjustment of various physiological and pathological states of the oral cavity. In this study, we demonstrated that variations in the "core microbiome" may be used to predict carcinogenesis. In addition, sample data collected from multiple oral sites along the health-premalignancy-carcinoma sequence increase our understanding of the microecosystems of different oral niches and their specific changes during oral carcinogenesis. This work provides insight into the roles of bacteria and fungi in OSCC and may contribute to the development of early diagnostic assays and novel treatments.

Active Smoking Induces Aberrations in Digestive Tract Microbiota of Rats.

Cigarette smoking could have certain effects on gut microbiota. Some pioneering studies have investigated effects of active smoking on the microbiome in local segments of the digestive tract, while active smoking-induced microbiome alterations in the whole digestive tract have not been fully investigated. Here, we developed a rat model of active smoking and characterized the effects of active smoking on the microbiota within multiple regions along the digestive tract. Blood glucose and some metabolic factors levels, the microbial diversity and composition, relative abundances of taxa, bacterial network correlations and predictive functional profiles were compared between the control group and active smoking group. We found that active smoking induced hyperglycemia and significant reductions in serum insulin and leptin levels. Active smoking induced region-specific shifts in microbiota structure, composition, network correlation and metabolism function along the digestive tract. Our results demonstrated that active smoking resulted in a reduced abundance of some potentially beneficial genera (i.e. Clostridium, Turicibacter) and increased abundance of potentially harmful genera (i.e. Desulfovibrio, Bilophila). Functional prediction suggested that amino acid, lipid, propanoate metabolism function could be impaired and antioxidant activity may be triggered. Active smoking may be an overlooked risk to health through its potential effects on the digestive tract microbiota, which is involved in the cause and severity of an array of chronic diseases.

A comparative study of olanzapine, aripiprazole and risperidone in the treatment of psychiatric and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.

To investigate the efficacy and safety of olanzapine, aripiprazole, and risperidone in the treatment of mental and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease. A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 126 patients with Alzheimer's Disease from February 2018 to February 2020. The patients were divided into group A (aripiprazole, n=44), group B (olanzapine, n=42) and group C (risperidone, n=40) based on the treatment method. Remarkably differences at different time points among the three groups were observed (P<0.05). Significant differences in the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale scores of different time points and cross-group comparison among the three groups were detected (P<0.05). The time-point comparison of BEHAVE-AD scores among the three groups indicated a remarkable difference (P<0.05). After 4 weeks of treatment, the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and BEHAVE-AD scores of group A were lower than those of groups B and C (P<0.05). The total incidence of adverse reactions in group A was remarkably lower than in groups B and C (P<0.05). Olanzapine, aripiprazole and risperidone are effective in treating Alzheimer's disease and aripiprazole, with a better safety profile and fewer adverse reactions, is more suitable for elderly patients.

Tube Feeding with a Diabetes-Specific Enteral Formula Improves Glycemic Control in Severe Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients.

BACKGROUND: Glycemic control is essential for managing acute stroke. This study evaluated the impact of a diabetes-specific formula (DSF) on glycemic control in severe acute ischemic stroke patients. METHODS: A randomized, prospective controlled trial was conducted in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. Acute ischemic stroke patients who scored > 10 on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale as well as had swallowing problems were randomized to group A, which received a diabetes-specific enteral formula, and group B, which received a standard formula. Glycemic parameters were assessed at baseline and 7 days after admission. RESULTS: One hundred four patients were enrolled in the study (group A, 53; group B, 51). Postprandial glucose parameters, including capillary glucose concentration from 8 hours to 16 hours after enteral nutrition (EN) consumption, incremental areas under the curve (iAUC0-16 h ), peak value, and mean glucose concentration, were significantly lower in group A than in group B following a 7-day intervention period. Moreover, changes in HOMAIR after the 7-day treatment were significantly higher in group A than in group B. No significant difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia, glycemic variability parameters, or nutrition parameters was found between the 2 groups, either at baseline or after treatment. There were no serious adverse events observed during the study. CONCLUSION: A diabetes-specific formula may improve acute-term glycemic control in severe acute ischemic stroke patients.

[Pingyangmycin injection under suspension laryngoscopy for giant hemangioma at hypopharynx and laryngeal in 12 cases hemangioma at hypopharynx and laryngeal in 12 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic methods and effect of pingyangmycin injection in huge hemangioma at Hypopharynx and laryngeal under suspension laryngoscopy. METHOD: To ananysize the medical records of 12 Patients with giant hemangioma at hypopharynx and laryngeal. Patients were underwent polysomnography before operation. Inseted the suspension laryngoscopy to pars laryngea by mouth to exposing the hemangioma under general anaesthesia, then injected Pingyangmycin by a long-tube needling (one time per three weeks, accumulated dose less than 50 mg). RESULT: Among all patients, ten were cured and two showed obvious improvement. The data of PSG after operation indicates that the symptom of anoxia of post-operation were significantly ameliorated than that of pre-operation, no recurrence occurred during one year follow-up of the hemangioma. CONCLUSION: The methods of pingyangmycin injection under suspension laryngoscopic surgery is significantly enhanced clinical effect and improved the life quality of patients with huge hemangioma, which with low risk, high security, can ameliorating anoxia, complete cure, and is a ideal therapeutic measure.

[The effect of one-stage repair of secondary nasolabial deformity and nasal septoplasty on nasal airway resistance].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of one-stage repair of secondary nasolabial deformity and nasal septoplasty for cleft patients on nasal airway resistance (NAR). METHOD: Using active anterior rhinomanometry, NAR was measured in eighteen patients with cleft lip and palate who suffered form one-stage repair of secondary nasolabial deformity and septoplasty at per-and-post operation. RESULT: NAR was (0.664 +/- 0.200) kPa/(s x L) before operation, (0.304 +/- 0.180) kPa/(s x L) six months after operation, and (0.396 +/- 0.250) kPa/(s x L) twelve months after operation respectively. The differences are statistically significant (P < 0.01) between the NAR before and after operation. Subjective impression score of nasal patency was 7.5 +/- 1.5 before-operation, 2.1 +/- 2.0 after-operation for six months, 3.0 +/- 2.4 after-operation for twelve months. There are significant differences in the subjective impression score of nasal patency as well (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Correction of septal deformities play a very important role in the operation for secondary nasolabial deformity, which can decrease NAR and improve the subjective impression of nasal patency.

[Preliminary investigation of low-temperature radiofrequency ablation on treatment of tongue base cyst].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of low-temperature radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of tongue base cyst. METHOD: Low-temperature radiofrequency ablation was used to treat 14 patients with the cyst of tongue base under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation. Operation time, the volume of blood loss and postoperative complications were recorded and the follow-up was taken after surgery. RESULT: The tongue base cysts were totally resected in 14 patients, among which 12 patients only underwent one operation under general anesthesia and two patients received once again under local anesthesia. The procedure took approximately 5-10 min and the volume of blood loss during surgery varied from 1-5 ml. Endotracheal catheter was extubated as usual and incision of trachea was not done. The VAS score of foreign pharynx sensation decreased significantly from preoperative 83.1 +/- 11.2 to postoperative 10.3 +/- 3.6 (P < 0.01). There were no significant postoperative haemorrhage, pharyngalgia, dyspnea or other complications. Speech and the motor function of tongue base were not affected. Follow-up survey ranged from 7 months to 3 years and the cure rate was about 92.9% (13/14) as the recurrence occurred only in one out of 14 cases. CONCLUSION: Low-temperature radiofrequency ablation is a promising management for the cyst of tongue base with less trauma, complications or recurrence.