A case of phyllodes tumor with rapid growth during pregnancy and lactation period: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The age of onset of the phyllodes tumor is generally in the late 40 s, and diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy and lactation are rare. We herein present a case of a phyllodes tumor that rapidly increased in size during the pregnancy and lactation period. CASE PRESENTATION: A 39-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a mass in the right breast that increased in size during the pregnancy and lactation period. On ultrasound (5 week postpartum), a well-defined lobulated mass with internal septations and fluid retention was observed. Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast at 8 week postpartum revealed a 70-mm-sized smooth-margin mass with multilocular cystic components. Marked proliferation of stromal cells with high cell density was observed in a biopsy specimen taken at the previous hospital. We diagnosed the mass as a phyllodes tumor of borderline malignancy and excised it at 13 week postpartum. The excised tumor was 85 mm in diameter and its interior was filled with a milk-like substance. Histologically, there was only a mild increase in stromal cell density but fibrosis with associated degeneration was prominent. The final diagnosis was benign phyllodes tumor with degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: We report a case of a phyllodes tumor that rapidly increased in size during pregnancy and the lactation period. The accumulation of a milk-like substance was thought to be responsible for the rapid growth of the tumor.

Mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in the liver.

BACKGROUND: Mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is extremely rare, thus radiological features have not been fully clarified. CASE: A male patient (age: 70 years) visited our hospital due to a tumor in the liver. Examination using contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor (diameter: 5.0 cm) in hepatic segment 5, with early enhancement of the peripheral area and slight internal heterogeneous enhancement in the arterial and delayed phases, respectively. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET)/CT revealed intratumoral heterogeneity, characterized by increased uptake (standardized uptake value, 12.10) in the corresponding low-density area detected using enhanced CT relative to the surrounding areas of the tumor. On magnetic resonance imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging also showed high intensity in the corresponding low-density area detected using CT. Preoperatively, the patient was diagnosed with HCC and underwent anterior sectionectomy. Pathological findings revealed both HCC and NEC components, and the patient was diagnosed with mixed NEC and HCC. Comparison of component distribution with FDG-PET/CT revealed an increased uptake area was congruent with the NEC component in the tumor. CONCLUSION: In this case, the difference in tumor components affected the uptake in FDG-PET/CT. Such heterogeneous uptake with an enhanced spot may be useful for suspecting the presence of mixed NEC and HCC in patients with atypical HCC.

Intraosseous Lipoma of the Calvaria in the Early Stage Resembling Normal Fatty Marrow.

Intraosseous lipoma (IOL) is a benign bone tumor that usually arises from the lower limb and rarely arises from the skull. Radiological diagnosis of a typical case is not problematic due to its characteristic calcification and marginal sclerosis. Here, we report a case of calvarial IOL in the early stage lacking conventional radiopathological features. The patient is a 7-year-old girl who presented with a slow-growing protuberance on the vertex of the head. Computed tomography displayed a low-density mass without calcification that was continuous with the surrounding diploe. The mass was resected piece by piece for diagnostic and cosmetic reasons. Histologically, the specimen consisted of bony trabeculae and intertrabecular adipose tissue, which resembled normal fatty marrow. However, adipose tissue was considered neoplastic since it lacked hematopoietic elements. The final diagnosis of IOL was made by radiopathological correlation. This case suggests that IOL should be included in the differential diagnosis of diploic expansion, even if calcification is absent. The histology of an early-stage IOL resembles normal fatty marrow, but recognizing the absence of hematopoietic elements aids the diagnosis. Also, our literature review indicates that such cases are likely to be encountered in the calvaria than cranial base.