Abnormal dermal microvascular endothelial cells in psoriatic excessive angiogenesis.

Psoriasis is characterized by excessive angiogenesis, with increased distortion and dilation of the dermal blood vessels. These vascular alterations are ascribed, at least in part, to the changes in dermal microvascular endothelial cell functions. However, despite the recognition of vascular normalization as an emerging strategy for the treatment of psoriasis, in-depth studies of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) have been missing. The difficulty of isolation and culture of HDMECs has impeded the study of endothelial dysfunction in psoriasis. Researchers have done a great deal of work to study the abnormal characteristics of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and leukocytes in psoriatic skin tissue. Recently, with successful isolation of HDMECs from psoriasis, great progress has been made in the elucidation of the pathogenic role of these cells in psoriasis. It is of great therapeutic significance to study the molecular mechanism of HDMECs in psoriasis. We review here the abnormalities of HDMECs in psoriasis.

The Microbiome Protocols eBook initiative: Building a bridge to microbiome research.

The Microbiome Protocols eBook (MPB) serves as a crucial bridge, filling gaps in microbiome protocols for both wet experiments and data analysis. The first edition, launched in 2020, featured 152 meticulously curated protocols, garnering widespread acclaim. We now extend a sincere invitation to researchers to participate in the upcoming 2nd version of MPB, contributing their valuable protocols to advance microbiome research.

Clinical evidence for the prognostic impact of metformin in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies suggest that metformin might enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and potentially influence the prognoses of cancer patients undergoing ICIs treatment. This study endeavors to assess the prognostic significance of metformin in cancer patients undergoing ICIs therapy, aiming to furnish evidence-based insights for clinical practice. METHODS: A thorough literature search was conducted across electronic databases to encompass all potential records published before November 20th, 2023. A meta-analysis was executed utilizing Stata 17.0 to derive pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: A total of 22 studies encompassing 9,011 patients met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses revealed a significant correlation between metformin use and poorer OS (HR, 1.13; 95 %CI, 1.04-1.23; P = 0.004) rather than PFS (HR, 1.04; 95 %CI, 0.96-1.14; P = 0.345) among cancer patients undergoing ICIs treatment. Subgroup analysis delineated that the concurrent administration of metformin and ICIs significantly associated with adverse prognoses in the European population (OS: HR, 1.23; 95 %CI, 1.10-1.39; P = 0.001; PFS: HR, 1.14; 95 %CI, 1.02-1.28; P = 0.024). CONCLUSION: Based on current clinical evidence, concomitant metformin use does not appear to improve the prognostic outcomes for cancer patients undergoing ICIs therapy and may potentially correlate with inferior prognoses. Further studies are imperative to comprehensively elucidate the impact of metformin within the realm of ICIs therapy.

Accelerated Screening of Alternative DNA Base-Organic Molecule-Base Architectures via Integrated Theory and Experiment.

Organic molecule-mediated noncanonical DNA self-assembly expands the standard DNA base-pairing alphabets. However, only a very limited number of small molecules have been recognized as mediators because of the tedious and complicated experiments like crystallization and microscopy imaging. Here we present an integrative screening protocol incorporating molecular dynamics (MD) for fast theoretical simulation and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for convenient experimental validation. Melamine, the molecule that was confirmed mediating noncanonical DNA base-pairing, and 38 other candidate molecules were applied to demonstrate the feasibility of this protocol. We successfully identified seven stable noncanonical DNA duplex structures, and another eight novel structures with sub-stability. In addition, we discovered that hairpins at both ends can significantly stabilize the noncanonical DNA structures, providing a guideline to design small organic molecule-incorporated DNA structures. Such an efficient screening protocol will accelerate the design of alternative DNA-molecule architectures beyond Watson-Crick pairs. Considering the wide range of potential mediators, it will also facilitate applications such as noncovalent, highly dense loading of drug molecules in DNA-based delivery system and probe design for sensitive detection of certain molecules.

Phosphodiesterase 8 (PDE8): Distribution and Cellular Expression and Association with Alzheimer's Disease.

Phosphodiesterase 8 (PDE8), as a member of PDE superfamily, specifically promotes the hydrolysis and degradation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which may be associated with pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, little is currently known about potential role in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we investigated the distribution and expression of PDE8 in brain of mouse, which we believe can provide evidence for studying the role of PDE8 in CNS and the relationship between PDE8 and AD. Here, C57BL/6J mice were used to observe the distribution patterns of two subtypes of PDE8, PDE8A and PDE8B, in different sexes in vivo by western blot (WB). Meanwhile, C57BL/6J mice were also used to demonstrate the distribution pattern of PDE8 in selected brain regions and localization in neural cells by WB and multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Furthermore, the triple transgenic (3×Tg-AD) mice and wild type (WT) mice of different ages were used to investigate the changes of PDE8 expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex during the progression of AD. PDE8 was found to be widely expressed in multiple tissues and organs including heart, kidney, stomach, brain, and liver, spleen, intestines, and uterus, with differences in expression levels between the two subtypes of PDE8A and PDE8B, as well as two sexes. Meanwhile, PDE8 was widely distributed in the brain, especially in areas closely related to cognitive function such as cerebellum, striatum, amygdala, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus, without differences between sexes. Furthermore, PDE8A was found to be expressed in neuronal cells, microglia and astrocytes, while PDE8B is only expressed in neuronal cells and microglia. PDE8A expression in the hippocampus of both female and male 3×Tg-AD mice was gradually increased with ages and PDE8B expression was upregulated only in cerebral cortex of female 3×Tg-AD mice with ages. However, the expression of PDE8A and PDE8B was apparently increased in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus in both female and male 10-month-old 3×Tg-AD mice compared WT mice. These results suggest that PDE8 may be associated with the progression of AD and is a potential target for its prevention and treatment in the future.

Litoamentenes A-K, eleven undescribed cembranoids with cytotoxicity from the South China Sea soft coral Litophyton amentaceum.

Eleven undescribed cembrane-type diterpenoids, named litoamentenes A-K (1-11), were isolated from the soft coral Litophyton amentaceum collected from the South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data, comparison with the literature data, single crystal X-ray diffraction, quantum chemical calculations and TDDFT-ECD calculations. This is the first systematic investigation of L. amentaceum. In particular, compounds 1-3 are cembrane-type norditerpenoids that lack isopropyl side chains. Compound 6 is a cembrane-type norditerpenoid without a methyl group at C-4, the first natural product identified with this carbon skeleton. Compounds 6, 9 and 10 showed modest cytotoxicity against several human cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 3.99 to 14.56 µM.

Exercise training influence on cognitive capacity and mental health within chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - A pilot study.

Objective: Although pulmonary rehabilitation and regular exercise have improved negative emotions and cognitive capacity within cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), influence by exercise training upon different cognitive and memory functions in COPD is still controversial. This investigation aimed to assess whether cognitive performance and mental health are affected by the benefits of exercise training within cases of COPD. Materials and Methods: This pilot investigation included thirty-three patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease stage ≥B. Based on the subjects' rights, all included patients could choose to join either the exercise group or the control group, according to their free will. Twelve patients were assigned to receive exercise treatment over a 2-month period, while the remaining 16 patients were assigned to the control group. Cognitive capacity outcomes were measured using the Wechsler Memory Scale-III Word List Test, Stroop task, and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). Mood states were assessed through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Results: Most cases demonstrated major improvement for BDI and BAI scorings post-60-day therapy. During PVT, the omission rate decreased, while the hit rate increased, indicating an improvement in attention performance. Furthermore, this investigation found a significant increase in immediate verbal and recognition memory for word-list test. However, no major performance shifts were found on Stroop analysis. Conclusion: This investigation demonstrated that a 2-month exercise training program resulted in significant improvement in negative emotions, immediate memory, recognition memory, and attention.

Long lifetimes white afterglow in slightly crosslinked polymer systems.

Intrinsic polymer room-temperature phosphorescence (IPRTP) materials have attracted considerable attention for application in flexible electronics, information encryption, lighting displays, and other fields due to their excellent processabilities and luminescence properties. However, achieving multicolor long-lived luminescence, particularly white afterglow, in undoped polymers is challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy of covalently coupling different conjugated chromophores with poly(acrylic acid (AA)-AA-N-succinimide ester) (PAA-NHS) by a simple and rapid one-pot reaction to obtain pure polymers with long-lived RTPs of various colors. Among these polymers, the highest phosphorescence quantum yield of PAPHE reaches 14.7%. Furthermore, the afterglow colors of polymers can be modulated from blue to red by introducing three chromophores into them. Importantly, the acquired polymer TPAP-514 exhibits a white afterglow at room temperature with the chromaticity coordinates (0.33, 0.33) when the ratio of chromophores reaches a suitable value owing to the three-primary-color mechanism. Systematic studies prove that the emission comes from the superposition of different triplet excited states of the three components. Moreover, the potential applications of the obtained polymers in light-emitting diodes and dynamic anti-counterfeiting are explored. The proposed strategy provides a new idea for constructing intrinsic polymers with diverse white-light emission RTPs.

Impacts of digital finance on energy efficiency: does environmental regulation matter?

The paper examines how digital finance affects energy efficiency in China using a dynamic panel model and data from 282 cities between 2011 and 2019. The study is based on the hypothesis which is related with digital finance, environmental regulation, and energy efficiency. The results indicate that: (1) Digital finance significantly improves energy efficiency, and this finding is consistent after several tests; (2) Digital finance has a positive effect on energy efficiency in non-resource-based cities, recession and regeneration resource-based cities, and old industrial base cities, but no significant effect on energy efficiency in growth and maturity resource-based cities and non-old industrial base cities; (3) Environmental regulation positively influences how digital finance affects energy efficiency; (4) The impact of digital finance on energy efficiency depends on the degree and tools of environmental regulation. This research offers valuable insights to local governments in China for promoting financial digitization and enhancing energy efficiency.

The impact of air pollution on regional innovation: empirical evidence based on 267 cities in China.

Based on the spatially correlated effects of air pollution on regional innovation, theoretical hypotheses are proposed, and this paper employs a spatial Durbin model to conduct empirical tests using panel data from 267 Chinese cities from 2003 to 2019, and investigates the mediating effect of human capital. Research has shown that (1) air pollution significantly reduces regional innovation output and has a negative spatial spillover effect significantly in the short term; (2) in the process of regional innovation impacted by air pollution, human capital acts as a mediator role; and (3) analysis of heterogeneity reveals that, from the regional perspective, air pollution has significantly damaged regional innovation in eastern and middle cities, but not significantly influences western cities, and in terms of innovation types, there is a stronger detrimental effect on invention patents exerted by air pollution compared to non-innovation patents. The study's findings provide theoretical and empirical evidence to strengthen environmental governance, enhance regional innovation and promote the coordinated development of regional innovation.

Fibroblast activation protein promotes progression of hepatocellular carcinoma via regulating the immunity.

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been indicated to express in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in most cancers. This work was dedicated to exploring FAP's effects on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Gene Expression Omnibus, ImmPort, and Reactome databases. The correlation between FAP and HCC patients' prognosis was explored via survival analysis. The qRT-PCR and western blot analysis were used to analyze the FAP mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. The cell proliferation and apoptosis were determined using the cell counting kit-8 assay kit and Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit, respectively. The HCC patients with FAP overexpression displayed a worse prognosis. The FAP expression was positively associated with the infiltration levels of tumor purity, B cell, CD8 + T cell, CD4 + T cell, macrophage, neutrophil, and dendritic cell. The optimal nine immune related genes were screened between two groups (FAP high vs. low). Moreover, we identified 24 energy metabolism related genes (FAP high vs. low) and these 24 genes were highly expressed in the high FAP expression group. The FAP expression had a significant positive correlation with the expression of PD-1, CTLA4, PDL-1, and PDL-2. The FAP overexpression promoted proliferation and migration while inhibiting the apoptosis of HCC cells. The FAP overexpression promoted the progression of HCC by regulating the immunity to affect the prognosis of HCC patients, thereby serving as a poor prognostic marker for HCC patients.

Interactive model for predicting the oncological outcome of patients with early-stage huge hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy: a multicenter population-based study.

An interactive model for predicting the oncological outcome of patients with early-stage huge hepatocellular carcinoma (ES-HHCC) after hepatectomy is still lacking. This study was aimed at exploring the independent risk parameters and developing an interactive model for predicting the cancer-specific survival (CSS) of ES-HHCC. Data from patients with ES-HHCC who underwent hepatectomy were collected. The dimensionality of the clinical features was reduced by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and further screened as predictors of CSS by Cox regression. Then, an interactive prediction model was developed and validated. Among the 514 screened patients, 311 and 203 of them were assigned into the training and validation cohort, respectively. Six independent variables, including alpha-fetoprotein, cirrhosis, microvascular invasion, satellite, tumor morphology, and tumor diameter, were identified and incorporated into the prediction model for CSS. The model achieved C-indices of 0.724 and 0.711 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Calibration curves showed general consistency in both cohorts. Compared with single predictor, the model had a better performance and greater benefit according to the time-independent receiver operating characteristic curve and decision curve analysis (P < 0.05). The calculator owned satisfactory accuracy and flexible operability for predicting the CSS of ES-HHCC, which could serve as a practical tool to stratify patients with different risks, and guide decision-making.

Targeting JMJD1C to selectively disrupt tumor Treg cell fitness enhances antitumor immunity.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical for immune tolerance but also form a barrier to antitumor immunity. As therapeutic strategies involving Treg cell depletion are limited by concurrent autoimmune disorders, identification of intratumoral Treg cell-specific regulatory mechanisms is needed for selective targeting. Epigenetic modulators can be targeted with small compounds, but intratumoral Treg cell-specific epigenetic regulators have been unexplored. Here, we show that JMJD1C, a histone demethylase upregulated by cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, is essential for tumor Treg cell fitness but dispensable for systemic immune homeostasis. JMJD1C deletion enhanced AKT signals in a manner dependent on histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) demethylase and STAT3 signals independently of H3K9me2 demethylase, leading to robust interferon-γ production and tumor Treg cell fragility. We have also developed an oral JMJD1C inhibitor that suppresses tumor growth by targeting intratumoral Treg cells. Overall, this study identifies JMJD1C as an epigenetic hub that can integrate signals to establish tumor Treg cell fitness, and we present a specific JMJD1C inhibitor that can target tumor Treg cells without affecting systemic immune homeostasis.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of ß-Lactam Derivatives Targeting Speckle-Type POZ Protein (SPOP).

Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP) acts as a cullin3-RING ubiquitin ligase adaptor, which facilitates the recognition and ubiquitination of substrate proteins. Previous research suggests that targeting SPOP holds promise in the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). On the basis of the reported SPOP inhibitor 230D7, a series of ß-lactam derivatives were synthesized in this study. The biological activity assessment of these compounds revealed E1 as the most potent inhibitor, which can disrupt the SPOP-substrate interactions in vitro and suppress the colony formation of ccRCC cells. Taken together, this study provided compound E1 as a potent inhibitor against ccRCC and offered insight into the development of the ß-lactam SPOP inhibitor.

Biocontrol activity and potential mechanism of volatile organic compounds from Aspergillus niger strain La2 against pear Valsa canker.

BACKGROUND: Valsa canker caused by Valsa pyri is one of the most destructive diseases of pear, leading to severe yield and economic losses. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from endophytes have important roles in the regulation of plant disease. In this study, we investigated the biocontrol activity of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus niger strain La2 and its antagonistic VOCs against pear Valsa canker. RESULTS: Strain La2 exhibited an obvious inhibitory effect against V. pyri. A colonization assay suggested that strain La2 could complete its life cycle on pear twigs. The symptoms of pear Valsa canker were weakened on detached pear twigs after treatment with strain La2. In addition, VOCs from strain La2 also significantly suppressed mycelial growth in V. pyri. Based on the results of headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, six possible VOCs produced by strain La2 were detected, of which 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 4-methyl-1-pentanol were the main antagonistic VOCs in terms of their effect on pear Valsa canker in vitro and in vivo. Further results showed that 4-methyl-1-pentanol could destroy the V. pyri hyphal structure and cell membrane integrity. Importantly, the activities of pear defense-related enzymes (polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and superoxide dismutase) were enhanced after 4-methyl-1-pentanol treatment in pear twigs, suggesting that 4-methyl-1-pentanol might induce a plant disease resistance response. CONCLUSION: Aspergillus niger strain La2 and its VOCs 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and 4-methyl-1-pentanol have potential as novel biocontrol agents of pear Valsa canker. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Total laparoscopic partial hepatectomy versus open partial hepatectomy for primary left-sided hepatolithiasis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The advantages of laparoscopic left-sided hepatectomy (LLH) for treating hepatolithiasis in terms of the time to postoperative length of hospital stay (LOS), morbidity, long-term abdominal wall hernias, hospital costs, residual stone rate, and recurrence of calculus have not been confirmed by a randomized controlled trial. The aim of this trial is to compare the safety and effectiveness of LLH with open left-sided hepatectomy (OLH) for the treatment of hepatolithiasis. METHODS: Patients with hepatolithiasis eligible for left-sided hepatectomy will be recruited. The experimental design will produce two randomized arms (laparoscopic and open hepatectomy) at a 1:1 ratio and a prospective registry. All patients will undergo surgery in the setting of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) programme. The prospective registry will be based on patients who cannot be randomized because of the explicit treatment preference of the patient or surgeon or because of ineligibility (not meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria) for randomization in this trial. The primary outcome is the LOS. The secondary outcomes are percentage readmission, morbidity, mortality, hospital costs, long-term incidence of incisional hernias, residual stone rate, and recurrence of calculus. It will be assumed that, in patients undergoing LLH, the length of hospital stay will be reduced by 1 day. A sample size of 86 patients in each randomization arm has been calculated as sufficient to detect a 1-day reduction in LOS [90% power and α = 0.05 (two-tailed)]. The trial is a randomized controlled trial that will provide evidence for the merits of laparoscopic surgery in patients undergoing liver resection within an ERAS programme. CONCLUSIONS: Although the outcomes of LLH have been proven to be comparable to those of OLH in retrospective studies, the use of LLH remains restricted, partly due to the lack of short- and long-term informative RCTs pertaining to patients with hepatolithiasis in ERAS programmes. To evaluate the surgical and long-term outcomes of LLH, we will perform a prospective RCT to compare LLH with OLH for hepatolithiasis within an ERAS programme. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03958825. Registered on 21 May 2019.

DNA-PK-Mediated Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Stimulates Glycolysis to Promote Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignancy and Chemoresistance.

Detection of cytoplasmic DNA is an essential biological mechanism that elicits IFN-dependent and immune-related responses. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating cytoplasmic DNA sensing in tumor cells could help identify immunotherapeutic strategies to improve cancer treatment. Here we identified abundant cytoplasmic DNA accumulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) cells. DNA-PK, but not cGAS, functioned as a specific cytoplasmic DNA sensor to activate downstream ZAK/AKT/mTOR signaling, thereby enhancing the viability, motility, and chemoresistance of LUSC cells. DNA-PK-mediated cytoplasmic DNA sensing boosted glycolysis in LUSC cells, and blocking glycolysis abolished the tumor-promoting activity of cytoplasmic DNA. Elevated DNA-PK-mediated cytoplasmic DNA sensing was positively correlated with poor prognosis of human patients with LUSC. Targeting signaling activated by cytoplasmic DNA sensing with the ZAK inhibitor iZAK2 alone or in combination with STING agonist or anti-PD-1 antibody suppressed the tumor growth and improved the survival of mouse lung cancer models and human LUSC patient-derived xenografts model. Overall, these findings established DNA-PK-mediated cytoplasmic DNA sensing as a mechanism that supports LUSC malignancy and highlight the potential of targeting this pathway for treating LUSC. SIGNIFICANCE: DNA-PK is a cytoplasmic DNA sensor that activates ZAK/AKT/mTOR signaling and boosts glycolysis to enhance malignancy and chemoresistance of lung squamous cell carcinoma.

IL-17A is involved in the hyperplasia of blood vessels in local lesions of psoriasis by inhibiting autophagy.

OBJECTIVE: Increased angiogenesis is a pathological feature of psoriasis, but the pathomechanisms of angiogenesis in psoriasis are not clear. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is the major effect factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Our results showed that IL-17A can promote angiogenesis and cause endothelial cell inflammation. Autophagy plays an important role not only in regulating inflammation, but also in regulating angiogenesis. Whether angiogenesis in psoriasis is related to autophagy remains unclear. In this study, we treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with IL-17A to simulate increased angiogenesis to study whether increased angiogenesis in psoriasis is related to autophagy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Our results showed that treatment of HUVECs with IL-17A significantly increased angiogenesis and expression levels of mRNA for multiple proinflammatory cytokines (CCL20, IL-8, CCL2, IL-6, and IL-1ß) and, while decreasing intracellular levels of nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) activity. Moreover, IL-17A inhibited autophagy as shown that IL-17A significantly increased expression levels of LC3II and p62 proteins. Induction of autophagy ameliorated IL-17A-mediated inflammatory response and inhibited angiogenesis, accompanied by increased p-AMPKα(Thr172) and p-ULK1(Ser555) expression, and decreased p-mTOR(Ser2448) and p-ULK1(Ser757) expression. Furthermore, inhibition of either AMPK or lysosomal acidification completely overrode autophagy-induced changes in angiogenesis and NOS activity. Finally, induction of autophagy decreased apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in IL-17A-treated HUVECs. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that IL-17A is involved in angiogenesis and inflammatory response by inhibiting autophagy through AMPK signaling pathway, suggesting that autophagy may be a new therapeutic target for psoriasis.

Artificial intelligence-based diagnosis of standard endoscopic ultrasonography scanning sites in the biliopancreatic system: a multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: There are challenges for beginners to identify standard biliopancreatic system anatomical sites on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) images. Therefore, the authors aimed to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model to identify standard biliopancreatic system anatomical sites on EUS images. METHODS: The standard anatomical structures of the gastric and duodenal regions observed by EUS was divided into 14 sites. The authors used 6230 EUS images with standard anatomical sites selected from 1812 patients to train the CNN model, and then tested its diagnostic performance both in internal and external validations. Internal validation set tests were performed on 1569 EUS images of 47 patients from two centers. Externally validated datasets were retrospectively collected from 16 centers, and finally 131 patients with 85 322 EUS images were included. In the external validation, all EUS images were read by CNN model, beginners, and experts, respectively. The final decision made by the experts was considered as the gold standard, and the diagnostic performance between CNN model and beginners were compared. RESULTS: In the internal test cohort, the accuracy of CNN model was 92.1-100.0% for 14 standard anatomical sites. In the external test cohort, the sensitivity and specificity of CNN model were 89.45-99.92% and 93.35-99.79%, respectively. Compared with beginners, CNN model had higher sensitivity and specificity for 11 sites, and was in good agreement with the experts (Kappa values 0.84-0.98). CONCLUSIONS: The authors developed a CNN-based model to automatically identify standard anatomical sites on EUS images with excellent diagnostic performance, which may serve as a potentially powerful auxiliary tool in future clinical practice.

Dendrocandin U from Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo Inhibits M1 Polarization in Alveolar Macrophage by Suppressing NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a valuable and homologous medicine and food traditional Chinese medicine. Currently there are few studies on the anti-inflammatory activity of lipophilic components. The aim of this study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of the lipophilic compounds in Dendrobium officinale. Six compounds were isolated and identified, including three bibenzyl compounds, dendrocandin U, dendronbibisline B, erianin, and three lignans, (-)-syringaresinol, (+)-syringaresinol-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside, 5-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol. Among them, dendronbibisline B and 5-methoxy-(+)-isolariciresinol were isolated from Dendrobium officinale for the first time. Besides, we found dendrocandin U, dendronbibisline B and (-)-syringaresinol exhibited the anti-inflammation to inhibit nitric oxide secretion induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN-γ) in MH-S cells. Furthermore, dendrocandin U could inhibit the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), Cluster of Differentiation 86 (CD86), and reduce inflammatory morphological changes of macrophages. Meanwhile, we confirmed that the anti-inflammation mechanism of dendrocandin U was to inhibit M1 polarization by suppressing toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/recombinant myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In this paper, dendrocandin U with significant anti-inflammatory activity was found from Dendrobium officinale, which could provide a basis for the study of its anti-inflammatory drugs.