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Glioma is the most common malignant tumor in the central nervous system, and its unique pathogenesis often leads to poor treatment outcomes and prognosis. In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) divided gliomas into five categories based on their histological characteristics and molecular changes. Non-coding RNA is a type of RNA that does not encode proteins but can exert biological functions at the RNA level, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a type of non-coding RNA with a length exceeding 200 nt. It is controlled by various transcription factors and plays an indispensable role in the regulatory processes in various cells. Numerous studies have confirmed that the dysregulation of lncRNA is critical in the pathogenesis, progression, and malignancy of gliomas. Therefore, this article reviews the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, immune regulation, glycolysis, stemness, and drug resistance changes caused by the dysregulation of lncRNA in gliomas, and summarizes their potential clinical significance in gliomas.
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The present study investigated the effects of different deep-frying times and temperatures on the amylose content, crystal structure, thermodynamics, and other properties of deep-fried dough sticks. Results showed that the change of amylose content in deep-fried dough sticks during the deep-frying process was positively correlated with time and temperature. Moreover, the deep-frying process of deep-fried dough sticks was accompanied by the formation of starch-lipid complexes that led to the destruction of starch structure. The degreased sample and the oil sample had the same absorption peaks at 2854 and 1746 cm-1, respectively. The melting enthalpy (ΔH) of the starch-lipid complex decreased significantly. In addition, the viscosity of starch reduced as the deep-frying time and temperature increased. Furthermore, it was found that the effect of increasing deep-frying temperature was greater than that of time. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As a popular deep-fried food, the main component of deep-fried dough sticks is starch. Starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, and interaction among components occurred during deep-frying. At present, there are few studies focusing on the properties of starch in deep-fried dough sticks in the real deep-frying system. Therefore, this study provided a theoretical basis for subsequent research by measuring the effects of different deep-frying conditions on the properties of starch in deep-fried dough sticks.
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Amilosa , Culinaria , Ácidos Grasos , Almidón , Termodinámica , Triticum , Almidón/química , Triticum/química , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos/química , Amilosa/química , Amilosa/análisis , Viscosidad , Culinaria/métodos , Calor , Harina/análisisRESUMEN
Patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) often present with multimorbidity, significantly contributing to adverse outcomes, particularly in-hospital mortality. This study aimed to develop a predictive nomogram to assess the impact of comorbidities on in-hospital mortality risk in HCC patients undergoing palliative locoregional therapy. We retrospectively analyzed data from 345 hospitalized HCC patients who underwent palliative locoregional therapy between January 2015 and December 2022. The nomogram was constructed using independent risk factors such as length of stay (LOS), hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), anemia, thrombocytopenia, liver cirrhosis, hepatic encephalopathy (HE), N stage, and microvascular invasion. The model demonstrated high predictive accuracy with an AUC of 0.908 (95% CI: 0.859-0.956) for the overall dataset, 0.926 (95% CI: 0.883-0.968) for the training set, and 0.862 (95% CI: 0.728-0.994) for the validation set. Calibration curves indicated a strong correlation between predicted and observed outcomes, validated by statistical tests. Decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curves (CIC) confirmed the model's clinical utility in predicting in-hospital mortality. This nomogram offers a practical tool for personalized risk assessment in HCC patients undergoing palliative locoregional therapy, facilitating informed clinical decision-making and improving patient management.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Nomogramas , Cuidados Paliativos , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidad , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidad , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Comorbilidad , Medición de Riesgo , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
Recent epidemiological studies have discovered that a lot of cases of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection are frequently accompanied by porcine kobuvirus (PKV) infection, suggesting a potential relationship between the two viruses in the development of diarrhea. To investigate the impact of PKV on PEDV pathogenicity and the number of intestinal lymphocytes, piglets were infected with PKV or PEDV or co-infected with both viruses. Our findings demonstrate that co-infected piglets exhibit more severe symptoms, acute gastroenteritis, and higher PEDV replication compared to those infected with PEDV alone. Notably, PKV alone does not cause significant intestinal damage but enhances PEDV's pathogenicity and alters the number of intestinal lymphocytes. These results underscore the complexity of viral interactions in swine diseases and highlight the need for comprehensive diagnostic and treatment strategies addressing co-infections.
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Coinfección , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Intestinos , Kobuvirus , Linfocitos , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina/patogenicidad , Virus de la Diarrea Epidémica Porcina/fisiología , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/virología , Coinfección/virología , Coinfección/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Coronavirus/virología , Linfocitos/virología , Kobuvirus/patogenicidad , Kobuvirus/genética , Intestinos/virología , Diarrea/virología , Diarrea/veterinaria , Replicación Viral , Gastroenteritis/virología , Gastroenteritis/veterinaria , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Picornaviridae/virologíaRESUMEN
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is the causative agent of porcine Glässer's disease, resulting in high mortality rates in pigs due to excessive inflammation-induced tissue damage. Previous studies investigating the protective effects of G. parasuis vaccination indicated a possible role of ApoA1 in reflecting disease progression following G. parasuis infection. However, the mechanisms of ApoA1 expression and its role in these infections are not well understood. In this investigation, newborn porcine tracheal (NPTr) epithelial cells infected with G. parasuis were used to elucidate the molecular mechanism and role of ApoA1. The study revealed that the AMPK pathway activation inhibited ApoA1 expression in NPTr cells infected with G. parasuis for the first time. Furthermore, Egr1 was identified as a core transcription factor regulating ApoA1 expression using a CRISPR/Cas9-based system. Importantly, it was discovered that APOA1 protein significantly reduced apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis, and inflammatory factors induced by G. parasuis in vivo. These findings not only enhance our understanding of ApoA1 in response to bacterial infections but also highlight its potential in mitigating tissue damage caused by G. parasuis infection.
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Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Apolipoproteína A-I , Proteína 1 de la Respuesta de Crecimiento Precoz , Haemophilus parasuis , Transducción de Señal , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Porcinos , Apolipoproteína A-I/genética , Apolipoproteína A-I/metabolismo , Proteína 1 de la Respuesta de Crecimiento Precoz/genética , Proteína 1 de la Respuesta de Crecimiento Precoz/metabolismo , Haemophilus parasuis/genética , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/genética , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/genética , Infecciones por Haemophilus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Haemophilus/microbiología , Células Epiteliales/microbiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Tráquea/microbiología , Tráquea/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Animales Recién NacidosRESUMEN
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), an extremely aggressive tumor, is often associated with poor outcomes. The standard anatomy-based tumor-node-metastasis staging system does not satisfy the requirements for screening treatment-sensitive patients. Thus, an ideal biomarker leading to precise screening and treatment of HNSCC is urgently needed. Methods: Ten machine learning algorithms-Lasso, Ridge, stepwise Cox, CoxBoost, elastic network (Enet), partial least squares regression for Cox (plsRcox), random survival forest (RSF), generalized boosted regression modelling (GBM), supervised principal components (SuperPC), and survival support vector machine (survival-SVM)-as well as 85 algorithm combinations were applied to construct and identify a consensus immune-derived gene signature (CIDGS). Results: Based on the expression profiles of three cohorts comprising 719 patients with HNSCC, we identified 236 consensus prognostic genes, which were then filtered into a CIDGS, using the 10 machine learning algorithms and 85 algorithm combinations. The results of a study involving a training cohort, two testing cohorts, and a meta-cohort consistently demonstrated that CIDGS was capable of accurately predicting prognoses for HNSCC. Incorporation of several core clinical features and 51 previously reported signatures, enhanced the predictive capacity of the CIDGS to a level which was markedly superior to that of other signatures. Notably, patients with low CIDGS displayed fewer genomic alterations and higher immune cell infiltrate levels, as well as increased sensitivity to immunotherapy and other therapeutic agents, in addition to receiving better prognoses. The survival times of HNSCC patients with high CIDGS, in particular, were shorter. Moreover, CIDGS enabled accurate stratification of the response to immunotherapy and prognoses for bladder cancer. Niclosamide and ruxolitinib showed potential as therapeutic agents in HNSCC patients with high CIDGS. Conclusion: CIDGS may be used for stratifying risks as well as for predicting the outcome of patients with HNSCC in a clinical setting.
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The clinical significance of the combination of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is unclear. This study investigated the predictive value of pretreatment NLR (pre-NLR) combined with pretreatment PLR (pre-PLR) for the survival and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 765 patients with non-metastatic NPC from two hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. The pre-NLR-PLR groups were as follows: HRG, high pre-NLR and high pre-PLR. MRG, high pre-NLR and low pre-PLR or low pre-NLR and high pre-PLR. LRG, neither high pre-NLR nor high pre-PLR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the cutoff-value and discriminant performance of the model. We compared survival rates and factors affecting the prognosis among different groups. The 5-year overall survival (OS), local regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of NPC patients in HRG were significantly poorer than those in MRG and LRG. The pre-NLR-PLR score was positively correlated with T stage, clinical stage, ECOG, and pathological classification. Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that pre-NLR-PLR scoring system, ECOG, pre-ALB, pre-CRP and pre-LMR were independent risk factors affecting 5-year OS, LRRFS and DMFS. The ROC curve showed that area under the curve (AUC) values of pre-NLR-PLR of 5-year OS, LRRFS and DMFS were higher than those of pre-NLR and pre-PLR. pre-NLR-PLR is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of NPC. The pre-NLR-PLR scoring system can be used as an individualized clinical assessment tool to predict the prognosis of patients with non-metastatic NPC more accurately and easily.
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Plaquetas , Linfocitos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Neutrófilos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Neutrófilos/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/mortalidad , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/sangre , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/patología , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patología , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/sangre , Linfocitos/patología , Plaquetas/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Curva ROC , Recuento de Plaquetas , Recuento de Linfocitos , Carcinoma/sangre , Carcinoma/mortalidad , Carcinoma/patología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To investigate the influences of teeth fissure properties on their failure modes, 3D Printing technology is used to prepare the teeth models. The strain distributions of the teeth model surfaces at each moment of the loading processes are obtained by the DIC technique. And the progressive failure processes as well as the stress distributions of the teeth models are simulated by the improved Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) Method. Experimental results show that under the action of the steel ball, the teeth models mainly produce two types of cracks: The tensile cracks along the pre-existing fissures and the shear cracks along both sides of the teeth model. The existence of prefabricated fissures greatly reduces the peak strength of the teeth models. Compared with the circumstances containing no pre-existing fissures, the peak strength of d = 1 cm, d = 2 cm and d = 3 cm decreases by 22.33%, 31.79% and 18.94%, respectively, and the peak strength of θ = 30°, θ = 45°, θ = 60° decreases by 10.78%, 44.01% and 34.3%, respectively. Numerical results show that the initiations of tensile cracks are induced by the high tensile stress concentrations at the pre-existing fissure tips, while the shear cracks are caused by the high tensile stress concentrations in the low tensile stress concentration areas after the initiation of tensile cracks. The research results can provide some references for the understandings of teeth failure mechanisms as well as the applications of SPH method into teeth crack propagation simulations.
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Fracturas Óseas , Diente , Humanos , Estrés MecánicoRESUMEN
We aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of LSP1 in the progression of acute myelogenous leukemia. In this study, we established shLSP1 cell line to analyze the function of LSP1 in AML. We observed high expression of LSP1 in AML patients, whereas it showed no expression in normal adults. Furthermore, we found that LSP1 expression was associated with disease prognosis. Our results indicate that LSP1 plays a crucial role in mediating proliferation and survival of leukemia cells through the KSR/ERK signaling pathway. Additionally, LSP1 promotes cell chemotaxis and homing by enhancing cell adhesion and migration. We also discovered that LSP1 confers chemotactic ability to leukemia cells in vivo. Finally, our study identified 12 genes related to LSP1 in AML, which indicated poor survival outcome in AML patients and were enriched in Ras and cell adhesion signaling pathways. Our results revealed that the overexpression of LSP1 is related to the activation of the KSR/ERK signaling pathway, as well as cell adhesion and migration in AML patients. Reducing LSP1 expression impair AML progression, suggesting that LSP1 may serve as a potential drug therapy target for more effective treatment of AML.
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Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Transducción de Señal , Adulto , Humanos , Movimiento Celular , Línea Celular , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Proliferación Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/genética , Proteínas de Microfilamentos/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) can accurately detect relative gene expression levels in biological samples. However, widely used reference genes exhibit unstable expression under certain conditions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Here, we compared the expression stability of eight reference genes (RPLP0, RPS18, RPL13, EEF1A1, ß-actin, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TUBB) commonly used in liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1)-treated K562 cells using RNA-sequencing and RT-qPCR. The expression of EEF1A1, ACTB, GAPDH, HPRT1, and TUBB was considerably lower in cells treated with 20 µM Lip-1 than in the control, and GAPDH also showed significant downregulation in the 10 µM Lip-1 group. Meanwhile, when we used geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper to compare expression stability, we found that GAPDH and HPRT1 were the most unstable reference genes among all those tested. Stability analysis yielded very similar results when geNorm or BestKeeper was used but not when NormFinder was used. Specifically, geNorm and BestKeeper identified RPL13 and RPLP0 as the most stable genes under 20 µM Lip-1 treatment, whereas RPL13, EEF1A1, and TUBB were the most stable under 10 µM Lip-1 treatment. TUBB and EEF1A1 were the most stable genes in both treatment groups according to the results obtained using NormFinder. An assumed most stable gene was incorporated into each software to validate the accuracy. The results suggest that NormFinder is not an appropriate algorithm for this study. CONCLUSIONS: Stable reference genes were recognized using geNorm and BestKeeper but not NormFinder. Overall, RPL13 and RPLP0 were the most stable reference genes under 20 µM Lip-1 treatment, whereas RPL13, EEF1A1, and TUBB were the most stable genes under 10 µM Lip-1 treatment.
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Actinas , Leucemia , Humanos , Células K562 , Secuencia de Bases , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Hipoxantina Fosforribosiltransferasa , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Proteínas RibosómicasRESUMEN
As climate changes increasingly influence species distributions, ecosystem functions, and biodiversity, the urgency to understand how species' ranges shift under those changes is great. Species distribution models (SDMs) are vital approaches that can predict species distributions under changing climates. However, SDMs based on the species' current occurrences may underestimate the species' climatic tolerances. Integrating species' realized niches at different periods, also known as multi-temporal calibration, can provide an estimation closer to its fundamental niche. Based on this, we further proposed an integrated framework that combines eco-evolutionary data and SDMs (phylogenetically-informed SDMs) to provide comprehensive predictions of species range shifts under climate change. To evaluate our approach's performance, we applied it to a group of related species, the Chrysanthemum zawadskii species complex (Anthemidae, Asteracee). First, we investigated the niche differentiation between species and intraspecific lineages of the complex and estimated their rates of niche evolution. Next, using both standard SDMs and our phylogenetically-informed SDMs, we generated predictions of suitability areas for all species and lineages and compared the results. Finally, we reconstructed the historical range dynamics for the species of this complex. Our results showed that the species and intraspecific lineages of the complex had varying degrees of niche differentiation and different rates of niche evolution. Lineage-level SDMs can provide more realistic predictions for species with intraspecific differentiation than species-level models can. The phylogenetically-informed SDMs provided more complete environmental envelopes and predicted broader potential distributions for all species than the standard SDMs did. Range dynamics varied among the species that have different rates of niche evolution. Our framework integrating eco-evolutionary data and SDMs contributes to a better understanding of the species' responses to climate change and can help to make more targeted conservation efforts for the target species under climate change, particularly for rare species.
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Cambio Climático , Ecosistema , BiodiversidadRESUMEN
Objective To investigate the effects of miR-181b-5p on cells proliferation and apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by targeting paired box 9 (PAX9). Methods The relationship between expression level of PAX9 and prognosis in AML patients was analyzed by gene expression profiling interactive analysis (GEPIA) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Kasumi-1 and AML5 cells were transfected with empty vector (Vector group) or PAX9 (PAX9 group). The proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8 assay, and cells cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. Expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2), cyclin B1 (CCNB1), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) and Bcl2-associated X protein (BAX) were detected by Western blot analysis. The targeted microRNA (miRNA) by PAX9 was predicted by bioinformatics analysis, and the targeted effect was verified by luciferase reporter assay. The level of PAX9 mRNA was detected by real-time quantitative PCR, and expression of PAX9 protein was detected by Western blot analysis. Kasumi-1 and AML5 cells were transfected with miR-NC (miR-NC group) or miR-181b-5p (miR-181b-5p group). The cells were further transfected with PAX9 (miR-181b-5p combined with PAX9 group) in miR-181b-5p group. The proliferation, cycle and apoptosis of cells were detected by the above methods.Results GEPIA and TCGA databases showed that the expression of PAX9 was down-regulated in AML patients, which was correlated with poor prognosis. In Kasumi-1 and AML5 cells, compared with Vector group, proliferation activity of cells, percentage of cells in S phase, and expressions of CDK2, CCNB1 and Bcl2 proteins were decreased, while percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, apoptosis rate and the expression of BAX protein were increased in PAX9 group. It was confirmed by double luciferase reporter assay that PAX9 was the target gene of miR-181b-5p. Compared with miR-NC group, proliferation activity of cells, percentage of cells in S phase, and expressions of CDK2, CCNB1 and Bcl2 proteins were increased, while percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, apoptosis rate and the expression of BAX protein were decreased in miR-181b-5p group. Compared with miR-181b-5p group, proliferation activity of cells, percentage of cells in S phase, and expressions of CDK2, CCNB1 and Bcl2 proteins were decreased, while percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase, apoptosis rate and the expression of BAX protein were increased in miR-181b-5p combined with PAX9 group. Conclusion The miR-181b-5p can promote the proliferation of AML cells and delay apoptosis by inhibiting PAX9.
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Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , MicroARNs , Factor de Transcripción PAX9 , Humanos , Apoptosis/genética , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2 , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Luciferasas , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción PAX9/genéticaRESUMEN
For zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs), the non-uniform Zn plating/stripping results in a high polarization and low Coulombic efficiency (CE), hindering the large-scale application of ZIBs. Here, inspired by biomass seaweed plants, an anionic polyelectrolyte alginate acid (SA) was used to initiate the in situ formation of the high-performance solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer on the Zn anode. Attribute to the anionic groups of -COO- , the affinity of Zn2+ ions to alginate acid induces a well-aligned accelerating channel for uniform plating. This SEI regulates the desolvation structure of Zn2+ and facilitates the formation of compact Zn (002) crystal planes. Even under high depth of discharge conditions (DOD), the SA-coated Zn anode still maintains a stable Zn stripping/plating behavior with a low potential difference (0.114â V). According to the classical nucleation theory, the nucleation energy for SA-coated Zn is 97 % less than that of bare Zn, resulting in a faster nucleation rate. The Zn||Cu cell assembled with the SA-coated electrode exhibits an outstanding average CE of 99.8 % over 1,400 cycles. The design is successfully demonstrated in pouch cells, where the SA-coated Zn exhibits capacity retention of 96.9 % compared to 59.1 % for bare Zn anode, even under the high cathode mass loading (>10â mg/cm2 ).
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Pseudorabies virus (PRV) can infect multiple hosts and lead to fatal encephalitis. There is a significant increase in the number of microglia in the brain of animals infected with PRV. However, whether and how microglia contribute to central nervous system damage in PRV infection remain unknown. In the present study, we elucidated that PRV infection can cause more severe inflammatory cell infiltration, thicker and more numerous vessel sleeve walls, and more severe inflammatory responses in the brains of natural hosts (pigs) than in those of nonnatural hosts (mice). In a mice infection model, activated microglia restricted viral replication in the early stage of infection. Acute neuroinflammation caused by microglia hyperactivation at late-stage of infection. Furthermore, in vitro experiments revealed that microglia restricted viral replication and decreased viral infectivity. This may be associated with the phagocytic ability of microglia because we observed a significant increase in the expression of the membrane receptor TREM2 in microglia, which is closely related to phagocytosis, we observed that depletion of microglia exacerbated neurological symptoms, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and peripheral lymphocyte infiltration. Taken together, we revealed the dual role of microglia in protecting the host and neurons from PRV infection.
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Herpesvirus Suido 1 , Seudorrabia , Ratones , Animales , Porcinos , Microglía , Encéfalo , InmunidadRESUMEN
The thymus, the central immune organ in mammals, plays an important role in immune defense. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in piglets can cause thymus injury and immunosuppression. However, the mechanisms of thymus injury remain unknown. This study was aimed at investigating the specific manifestations of thymus injury through the construction of a PRRSV-infected piglet model and histopathological observation. In this study, fourteen 40-day-old PRRSV-free piglets were randomly divided into two groups, eleven of which were intramuscularly injected with 3 mL of PRRSV WUH3 virus suspension (106 PFU /mL) in the infection group, and three of which were sham-inoculated with 3 mL of RPMI-1640 medium in the control group. Clinical necropsy and samples collection were performed on day 8 after artificial infection. With the Illumina platform, the transcriptomes of piglet thymus tissues from infected and control piglets were sequenced to explore the relationships of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways with thymus injury. The immune organs of PRRSV-infected piglets were severely damaged. The histopathological findings in the thymus indicated that PRRSV infection was associated with a large decrease in lymphocytes, cell necrosis and cell apoptosis; an increase in blood vessels and macrophages; thymic corpuscle hyperplasia; and interstitial widening of the thymic lobules. The transcriptomic analysis results revealed that the Gene Ontology functions of DEGs were enriched primarily in biological processes such as angiogenesis, regulation of angiogenesis and positive regulation of cell migration. Moreover, greater numbers of blood vessels and macrophages were observed in the thymus in PRRSV-infected than control piglets. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, chemokine signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. The expression of TLR8, IRF5, the chemokines CCL2, CCL3L1 and CCL5; and their receptors CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5 was significantly up-regulated in PRRSV infection, thus suggesting that these cytokines were associated with the pathological processes of thymus injury.
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Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina , Virus del Síndrome Respiratorio y Reproductivo Porcino , Enfermedades de los Porcinos , Animales , Porcinos , Síndrome Respiratorio y de la Reproducción Porcina/genética , Transcriptoma , Timo/patología , Apoptosis , Mamíferos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/genéticaRESUMEN
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection can cause brain tissue lesions characterized by neuronal death, and apoptosis is involved in JEV-induced neuronopathy. In the present study, mouse microglia were infected with JEV, and pyknosis with dark-staining nuclei of infected cells was detected using Hoechst 33342 staining. TUNEL staining showed that JEV infection promoted the apoptosis of BV2 cells, and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased at 24-60 hours postinfection (hpi) (P < 0.01) and was the highest at 36 h (P < 0.0001). Western blot results showed that the expression of the Bcl-2 protein in JEV-infected cells was downregulated significantly at 60 hpi (P < 0.001), whereas that of the Bax protein was observably upregulated at 60 hpi (P < 0.001). At the same time, the level of cytochrome c (Cyt c) was significantly increased (P < 0.001), and the expression levels of two apoptosis-related proteins, namely, cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.01) and caspase-9 (P < 0.001), were elevated significantly. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the amount of Cyt c increased with time after infection. After BV2 cells were infected with JEV, the expression of RIG-1 increased significantly from 24 hpi to 60 h (P < 0.001). The expression of MAVS increased significantly at 24 h (P < 0.001) and decreased gradually from 24 h to 60 hpi. The expression of TBK1 and NF-κB (p65) was not significantly changed. The expression of p-TBK1 and p-NF-κB (p-p65) increased significantly within 24 h (P < 0.001) and decreased from 24 to 60 hpi. The expression levels of IRF3 and p-IRF3 peaked at 24 hpi (P < 0.001) and decreased gradually from 24 to 60 hpi. However, the expression levels of JEV proteins showed no significant change at 24 and 36 hpi but were markedly elevated at 48 and 60 hpi. Interference with the expression of the RIG-1 protein in BV2 cells resulted in a dramatic increase in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (P < 0.05), whereas the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, cleaved caspase-9, and especially cleaved caspase-3 were downregulated (P < 0.05), and viral protein expression was notably reduced (P < 0.05). These results indicate that JEV induces apoptosis through mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis pathways, interfering with the expression of RIG-1 in BV2 cells can inhibit viral replication and inhibit apoptosis.
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Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie) , Encefalitis Japonesa , Animales , Ratones , Virus de la Encefalitis Japonesa (Especie)/fisiología , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Caspasa 9/genética , Caspasa 9/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Apoptosis , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismoRESUMEN
The electrochemical effect of isotope (EEI) of water is introduced in the Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs) electrolyte to deal with the challenge of severe side reactions and massive gas production. Due to the low diffusion and strong coordination of ions in D2 O, the possibility of side reactions is decreased, resulting in a broader electrochemically stable potential window, less pH change, and less zinc hydroxide sulfate (ZHS) generation during cycling. Moreover, we demonstrate that D2 O eliminates the different ZHS phases generated by the change of bound water during cycling because of the consistently low local ion and molecule concentration, resulting in a stable interface between the electrode and electrolyte. The full cells with D2 O-based electrolyte demonstrated more stable cycling performance which displayed â¼100 % reversible efficiencies after 1,000 cycles with a wide voltage window of 0.8-2.0â V and 3,000 cycles with a normal voltage window of 0.8-1.9â V at a current density of 2â A g-1 .
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A stable cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) is crucial for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), but it is less investigated. Commercial binder poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is widely used without scrutinizing its suitability and cathode-electrolyte interface (CEI) in AZIBs. A water-soluble binder is developed that facilitated the in situ formation of a CEI protecting layer tuning the interfacial morphology. By combining a polysaccharide sodium alginate (SA) with a hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the surface morphology, and charge storage kinetics can be confined from diffusion-dominated to capacitance-controlled processes. The underpinning mechanism investigates experimentally in both kinetic and thermodynamic perspectives demonstrate that the COO- from SA acts as an anionic polyelectrolyte facilitating the adsorption of Zn2+ ; meanwhile fluoride atoms on PTFE backbone provide hydrophobicity to break desolvation penalty. The hybrid binder is beneficial in providing a higher areal flux of Zn2+ at the CEI, where the Zn-Birnessite MnO2 battery with the hybrid binder exhibits an average specific capacity 45.6% higher than that with conventional PVDF binders; moreover, a reduced interface activation energy attained fosters a superior rate capability and a capacity retention of 99.1% in 1000 cycles. The hybrid binder also reduces the cost compared to the PVDF/NMP, which is a universal strategy to modify interface morphology.
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PURPOSE: Whether cervical lymph node necrosis (CNN) is an independent adverse prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been determined. In this study, the CNN ratio was graded quantitatively to explore the prognostic value in NPC. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a total of 648 pathologically confirmed as NPC. We outlined metastatic lymph nodes and necrotic area of lymph nodes slice by slice on the magneticresonanceimages (MRI) cross section, and calculated the corresponding CNN ratio. RESULTS: The median CNN ratio (17.37 %) was taken as the cut-off point, 256 (39.51 %) patients were divided into CNN1 group (<17.37 %, n = 128) and CNN2 group (≥17.37 %, n = 128), 392 (60.49 %) patients without lymph nodes necrosis were CNN0. Among the CNN0, CNN1 and CNN2 groups, five-year overall survival (OS) was 82.4 %, 76.6 % and 71.1 %, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) was 91.3 %, 91.1 % and 90.5 %, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was 83.7 %, 78.5 % and 68.7 %, progression-free survival (PFS) was 78.3 %, 71.7 % and 61.6 % respectively. By multivariate analysis, CNN was an independent prognostic factor for OS (P = 0.003), DMFS (P = 0.019) and PFS (P = 0.007). More than 3 cycles of chemotherapy significantly increased OS (P = 0.024) and DMFS (P = 0.015) in the CNN1 group. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated that CNN is one of the factors with the negative prognosis of NPC. The CNN ratio might be used as one of the reference factors in the formulation of individualized treatment plan.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada , Humanos , Carcinoma Nasofaríngeo/patología , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Nasofaríngeas/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Metástasis Linfática/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Carcinoma/patología , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Necrosis/patologíaRESUMEN
In the present study, maize starch (MS), potato starch (PS), high-amylose maize starch (HAMS), and wheat starch (WS) were deep-fried in soybean oil that was continuously heated for 40 h under 180 °C. The thermodynamic and pasting properties of deep-fried starch samples were determined. The results suggested that starch−lipid complexes formed with the extension of frying oils' usage; however, their number was not dependent on the frying oils' life cycle. Importantly, the results of pasting properties revealed the following strength of intermolecular force in deep-fried starch samples: PS > MS > HAMS > WS. The results of XRD and FTIR analysis confirmed the formation of starch−lipid complexes during the deep-frying process. Furthermore, the results of the in vitro digestibility of deep-fried starch revealed that the formation of starch−lipid complexes inhibited the swelling of starch granules and prevented the entrance of amylase into the interior. Additionally, the results of the oxidation stability of deep-frying oil indicated that the formation of starch−lipid complexes did not alter the trend of lipid oxidation as an effect of the limited number of starch−lipid complexes. These results could have critical implications for the development of healthier deep-fried foods.