Comprehensive chemical profiling of Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin and its network pharmacology-based analysis on Alzheimer's disease.

Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin (JWQFY) is a newly developed anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) prescription modified from a classical traditional Chinese medicine formula, Qi-Fu-Yin (QFY). However, a systematic understanding of its chemical constituents and molecular mechanisms is still elusive. To address this problem, comprehensive chemical profiling followed by network pharmacology-based analysis of JWQFY was performed. Firstly, a total of 136 compounds were characterized by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF MS), 17 of them were specifically identified in JWQFY comparing with QFY. Seventy compounds were further quantified via a validated HPLC coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (QQQ MS) method. Then the protein targets of the seventy compounds were gathered from public databases for network construction. As a result, fifty-seven compounds were filtered, which interacted with 655 targets. Thirty-four of them were mapped into the KEGG pathway of AD, indicating JWQFY might exert anti-AD effects by anti-inflammation, neuronal apoptosis intervening, Aß production inhibition and phosphorylating tau protein moderating. Furthermore, in the compound-target-AD network, a list of hub compounds and hub targets was identified based on their topological features, including the degree, node betweenness and closeness. Four of the hub compounds were specifically originated from JWQFY, supporting the modification rationality of this formula. This study provided a scientific basis for understanding the bioactive compounds and the multi-target mechanism of JWQFY.

Endoscopic sphincterotomy with needle-shaped knife: report of 476 cases.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate endoscopic duodenal sphincterotomy and improve its success rate. METHODS: Needle-shaped knife was used for endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) in 476 patients with biliary or pancreatic diseases from March 1995 to October 2000. RESULTS: Direct incision was made in 243 patients, papillary fenestration in 89, and opposite incision in 144. The papilla located beside and in the diverticulum in 56 and 12 patients, respectively. EST emergency was made in 147 patients. ERCP after EST because of the difficulty in intubation was made successfully in 62 patients. Mild complications occurred in 14 patients (2.94%), all of whom were cured after symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: EST with needle-shaped knife has such advantages as safety in operation and convenience in incision. It is suitable for the papilla with different shape, with a higher success rate.