Electrical Control of Valley Polarized Charged Exciton Species in Monolayer WS2.

Excitons are key to the optoelectronic applications of van der Waals semiconductors, with the potential for versatile on-demand tuning of properties. Yet, their electrical manipulation remains challenging due to inherent charge neutrality and the additional loss channels induced by electrical doping. We demonstrate the dynamic electrical control of valley polarization in charged excitonic states of monolayer tungsten disulfide, achieving up to a 6-fold increase in the degree of circular polarization under off-resonant excitation. In contrast to the weak direct tuning of excitons typically observed using electrical gating, the charged exciton photoluminescence remains stable, even with increased scattering from electron doping. By exciting at the exciton resonances, we observed the reproducible nonmonotonic switching of the charged state population as the electron doping is varied under gate bias, indicating a resonant interplay between neutral and charged exciton states.

Helicobacter pylori PldA modulates TNFR1-mediated p38 signaling pathways to regulate macrophage responses for its survival.

Helicobacter pylori, a dominant member of the gastric microbiota was associated with various gastrointestinal diseases and presents a significant challenge due to increasing antibiotic resistance. This study identifies H. pylori's phospholipase A (PldA) as a critical factor in modulating host macrophage responses, facilitating H. pylori 's evasion of the immune system and persistence. PldA alters membrane lipids through reversible acylation and deacylation, affecting their structure and function. We found that PldA incorporates lysophosphatidylethanolamine into macrophage membranes, disrupting their bilayer structure and impairing TNFR1-mediated p38-MK2 signaling. This disruption results in reduced macrophage autophagy and elevated RIP1-dependent apoptosis, thereby enhancing H. pylori survival, a mechanism also observed in multidrug-resistant strains. Pharmacological inhibition of PldA significantly decreases H. pylori viability and increases macrophage survival. In vivo studies corroborate PldA's essential role in H. pylori persistence and immune cell recruitment. Our findings position PldA as a pivotal element in H. pylori pathogenesis through TNFR1-mediated membrane modulation, offering a promising therapeutic target to counteract bacterial resistance.

Identification of the nitrate pollution in surface water of Dongshan Bay based on stable isotope technology.

Identifying and quantifying water nitrate pollution is crucial for managing aquatic environment of a bay. Dongshan Bay, a significant semi-enclosed bay in the southeastern coastal area of Fujian Province, features mangrove and coral reef ecosystems at its estuary and bay mouth, respectively. Dongshan Bay is impacted by human activities such as mariculture. We quantified and analyzed nitrate pollution status in the surface waters of Dongshan Bay by measuring physicochemical parameters, stable isotopes (δ15N-NO3-, δ18O-NO3- and δ15N-NH4+) of the surface waters, and using statistical methods including the MixSIAR isotope mixing model. The results showed that the concentrations of chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the surface waters exhibited a noticeable gradient change, decreasing from the estuary of the Zhangjiang River to the mouth of Dongshan Bay. The maximum concentrations of chlorophyll a, NH4+, NO3- and NO2- were 45.2 µg·L-1, 52.67 µmol·L-1, 379.2 µmol·L-1 and 3.93 µmol·L-1, respectively. The nitrogen and oxygen isotope values of NH4+ and NO3- in the surface waters showed significant spatial variations. According to the MixSIAR model results, nitrogen sources in the surface waters of Dongshan Bay were mainly freshwater inputs of the Zhangjiang River estuary, aquaculture wastewater, and groundwater. The freshwater input from the Zhangjiang River estuary contributed the most (25.2%), while aquaculture wastewater, groundwater and urban sewage accounted for 24.6%, 19.0%, and 15.1%, respectively. It is evident that freshwater input from the Zhangjiang River estuary is the primary source of nitrate in the surface waters of Dongshan Bay.

Vaginal dinoprostone vs Foley catheter for induction of labor at term with an unfavorable cervix: an open-label randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Induction of labor (IOL) with mechanical methods or pharmacological agents is used in about 20% to 30% of all pregnant women. We specialized in comparing the effectiveness and safety of dinoprostone vs transcervical Foley catheter for IOL in term pregnant women with an unfavorable cervix with adequate samples. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness and safety of dinoprostone vs transcervical Foley catheter for IOL in term pregnant women with an unfavorable cervix. STUDY DESIGN: This is a parallel, open-label randomized controlled trial in two maternal centers in Shanghai, China between October 2019 and July 2022. Women with a singleton pregnancy in cephalic presentation at term and an unfavorable cervix (Bishop score <6) scheduled for IOL were eligible. A total of 1860 women were randomly allocated to cervical ripening with either a dinoprostone vaginal insert (10 mg) or a 60 cc Foley catheter for up to 24 hours. The primary outcomes were vaginal delivery rate and time to vaginal delivery. Secondary outcomes included time to delivery and maternal and neonatal morbidity. Analysis was done from an intention-to-treat perspective. The trial was registered with the China trial registry (CTR2000038435). RESULTS: The vaginal birth rates were 72.8% (677/930) vs 69.9% (650/930) in vaginal dinoprostone and Foley catheter, respectively (aRR 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98-1.10, risk difference: 0.03). Time to vaginal delivery was not significantly different between the two groups (sub-distribution hazard ratio 1.11, 95% CI 0.99-1.24). Vaginal dinoprostone was more likely complicated with hyperstimulation with fetal heart rate changes (5.8% vs 2.8%, aRR 2.09, 95% CI 1.32-3.31) and placenta abruption (0.9% vs 0.1%, aRR: 8.04, 95% CI 1.01-64.15), while Foley catheter was more likely complicated with suspected intrapartum infection (5.1% vs 8.2%, aRR: 0.62, 95% CI 0.44-0.88) and postpartum infection (1.4% vs 3.7%, aRR: 0.38, 95% CI 0.20-0.72). The composite of poor neonatal outcomes was not significantly different between the two groups (4.5% vs 3.8%, aRR 1.21, 95% CI 0.78-1.88), while more neonatal asphyxia occurred in the dinoprostone group (1.2% vs 0.2%, aRR 5.39, 95% CI 1.22-23.92). In a subgroup analysis, vaginal dinoprostone decreased vaginal birth rate slightly in multiparous women (90.6% vs 97.0%, aRR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: In term pregnant women with an unfavorable cervix, IOL with vaginal dinoprostone or Foley catheter has similar effectiveness. Foley catheter leads to better safety for neonates, while it may result in a higher risk of maternal infection. Furthermore, Foley catheter should be preferred in multiparous women.

Team interaction behaviors correlates with team creativity among nursing students: Canonical correlation and moderation analyses.

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have indicated team members' interaction behaviors may predict creativity among nursing students. METHODS: This study investigated the correlation between interaction behaviors and creativity, both individual- and team-level, among nursing students. In this cross-sectional quantitative study, data were obtained from self-reported questionnaires. Individual creativity was assessed using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking scale; the perceived team interaction behavior and team creativity were assessed using validated instruments. Canonical correlation analysis was conducted to determine the overall correlation between interaction behaviors, and creativity, and the moderating effect of female proportion dominance was also examined. RESULTS: A total of 164 nursing students (84.1% female) arranged into 14 teams were included in this study. Canonical correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between interaction behaviors and creativity (correlation = 0.88). All dimensions of interactive behaviors were positively related to creativity dimensions. A stronger correlation to team creativity (correlation = 1) was found compared to individual creativity (correlation = 0.07). This study demonstrated that individual interactive behaviors including spontaneous communication and helping behavior predicted high team creativity. CONCLUSIONS: This insight may be valuable for nursing education programs seeking to foster creativity and effective teamwork. The potential moderating effect of female proportions on team interaction behaviors and creativity should be investigated further.

A transcriptional cascade involving BBX22 and HY5 finely regulates both plant height and fruit pigmentation in citrus.

Dwarfing is a pivotal agronomic trait affecting both yield and quality. Citrus species exhibit substantial variation in plant height, among which internode length is a core element. However, the molecular mechanism governing internode elongation remains unclear. Here, we unveiled that the transcriptional cascade consisting of B-BOX DOMAIN PROTEIN 22 (BBX22) and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) finely tunes plant height and internode elongation in citrus. Loss-of-function mutations of BBX22 in an early-flowering citrus (Citrus hindsii "SJG") promoted internode elongation and reduced pigment accumulation, whereas ectopic expression of BBX22 in SJG, sweet orange (C. sinensis), pomelo (C. maxima) or heterologous expression of BBX22 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) significantly decreased internode length. Furthermore, exogenous application of gibberellin A3 (GA3) rescued the shortened internode and dwarf phenotype caused by BBX22 overexpression. Additional experiments revealed that BBX22 played a dual role in regulation internode elongation and pigmentation in citrus. On the one hand, it directly bound to and activated the expression of HY5, GA metabolism gene (GA2 OXIDASE 8, GA2ox8), carotenoid biosynthesis gene (PHYTOENE SYNTHASE 1, PSY1) and anthocyanin regulatory gene (Ruby1, a MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN). On the other hand, it acted as a cofactor of HY5, enhancing the ability of HY5 to regulate target genes expression. Together, our results reveal the critical role of the transcriptional cascade consisting of BBX22 and HY5 in controlling internode elongation and pigment accumulation in citrus. Unraveling the crosstalk regulatory mechanism between internode elongation and fruit pigmentation provides key genes for breeding of novel types with both dwarf and health-beneficial fortification in citrus.

Genome-wide identification and characterization of the JAZ gene family in Gynostemma pentaphyllum reveals the COI1/JAZ/MYC2 complex potential involved in the regulation of the MeJA-induced gypenoside biosynthesis.

The Jasmonate ZIM domain (JAZ) proteins, functioning as critical suppressors for jasmonic acid (JA) signal transduction in plants, occupy crucial roles in multiple biological processes, particularly in the orchestration of secondary metabolic pathways. However, the mechanism underlying the JA-induced gypenosides accumulation in Gynostemma pentaphyllum remains poorly elucidated. Our research led to the identification of 11 distinct JAZ members in G. pentaphyllum (GpJAZs). According to the classification approach of AtJAZ, we allocated these members into five subgroups that shared similar conserved motif compositions. Subsequently, we identified the presence of various cis-acting elements associated with light stimuli, hormone responses, and stress signals within the promoter regions of the GpJAZ gene family. The expression levels of GpJAZ genes in different tissues were quite different, and the majority of GpJAZ genes exhibited varying degrees of response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) induction. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays revealed interactions between GpJAZ1/2/4/5/7/9/10 and GpMYC2, whereas GpCOI1 protein was found to interact with GpJAZ1/2/4/5, thereby forming the COI1/JAZ/MYC2 complex. Furthermore, as an activator of gypenoside metabolic pathway, GpMYC2 could activate the promoter activity of the gypenoside metabolism-related genes to varying degrees by binding to their promoters, indicating that the COI1/JAZ/MYC2 module involved in the MeJA-induced regulation of gypenosides. In summary, our findings present an exhaustive examination of the JAZ gene family, furnishing a significant lead for delving deeper into the molecular mechanisms that drive the MeJA-induced enhancement of gypenosides accumulation in G. pentaphyllum.

Evaluation of combined epiretinal membrane removal with intravitreal triamcinolone injection utilizing ectopic inner foveal layer staging scheme.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the macular morphological and visual outcomes of combined idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) removal with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection based on consideration of the ectopic inner foveal layer (EIFL) staging scheme. METHODS: Retrospective case-control study. The clinical data of 84 eyes of 84 patients who underwent vitrectomy for iERM between 2018 and 2022 were reviewed. The enrolled subjects were divided into the TA and non-TA groups. Fifty-one eyes received intravitreal TA injection following vitrectomy and ERM peeling (TA group), and 33 were only treated by standard vitrectomy and ERM peeling (non-TA group). Preoperative and postoperative EIFL stages, central foveal thickness (CFT), and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were compared between both groups. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 7.69 ± 3.68 months, both groups exhibited significant improvement in EIFL stages (P < 0.01), with no discernible advantage observed in the TA group. The TA and non-TA groups demonstrated improvement in the EIFL stages in 56.86 and 63.64% of eyes, respectively (P = 0.43). The CFT and BCVA significantly improved in both groups at the final visit (P < 0.01). However, CFT in the non-TA group displayed a more significant reduction during the follow-up (P < 0.03). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences in postoperative CFT and BCVA between the two groups in cases with or without continuous EIFL (P > 0.10). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that combined intravitreal TA injection following ERM removal conferred no significant benefits in alleviating macular thickening or improving visual acuity in iERM.

Nanoironing van der Waals Heterostructures toward Electrically Controlled Quantum Dots.

Assembling two-dimensional van der Waals (vdW)-layered materials into heterostructures is an exciting development that sparked the discovery of rich correlated electronic phenomena. vdW heterostructures also offer possibilities for designer device applications in areas such as optoelectronics, valley- and spintronics, and quantum technology. However, realizing the full potential of these heterostructures requires interfaces with exceptionally low disorder which is challenging to engineer. Here, we show that thermal scanning probes can be used to create pristine interfaces in vdW heterostructures. Our approach is compatible at both the material- and device levels, and monolayer WS2 transistors show up to an order of magnitude improvement in electrical performance from this technique. We also demonstrate vdW heterostructures with low interface disorder enabling the electrical formation and control of quantum dots that can be tuned from macroscopic current flow to the single-electron tunneling regime.

Seed germination and seedling growth response of Leymus chinensis to the allelopathic influence of grassland plants.

Allelopathy has a profound impact on the germination and growth of plants, influencing the establishment of plant populations and shaping community ecological patterns. However, the allelopathic potential of many grassland species remains poorly understood. In this study, we prepared aqueous extracts from 17 herbaceous plants to investigate their allelopathic effects on the seed germination and seedling growth of Leymus chinensis, a dominant grassland species. Our results revealed that the response of L. chinensis to allelopathic compounds was dependent on the specific plant species, extract concentration, and target plant organ. Notably, Fabaceae plants exhibited a stronger allelopathic potential than Poaceae, Asteraceae, and other plant families. Moreover, we observed that root growth of L. chinensis was more sensitive to allelopathy than shoot growth, and seed germination was more affected than seedling growth. Generally, the germination of L. chinensis was strongly inhibited as the donor plant extract concentration increased. The leachate of Fabaceae plants inhibited the seedling growth of L. chinensis at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 0.1 g mL-1. On the other hand, the leachate from other families' plants exhibited either inhibitory or hormetic effects on the early growth of L. chinensis, promoting growth at 0.025 g mL-1 and hindering it at concentrations between 0.05 and 0.1 g mL-1. These findings highlight the significant allelopathic potential of grassland plants, which plays a critical role in establishing plant populations and associated ecological processes. In addition, they shed light on the coexistence of other plants with dominant plants in the community.

IoT data security in outsourced databases: A survey of verifiable database.

With the swift advancement of cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT), to address the issue of massive data storage, IoT devices opt to offload their data to cloud servers so as to alleviate the pressure of resident storage and computation. However, storing local data in an outsourced database is bound to face the danger of tampering. To handle the above problem, a verifiable database (VDB), which was initially suggested in 2011, has garnered sustained interest from researchers. The concept of VDB enables resource-limited clients to securely outsource extremely large databases to untrusted servers, where users can retrieve database records and modify them by allocating new values, and any attempts at tampering will be detected. This paper provides a systematic summary of VDB. First, a definition of VDB is given, along with correctness and security proofs. And the VDB based on commitment constructions is introduced separately, mainly divided into vector commitments and polynomial commitments. Then VDB schemes based on delegated polynomial functions are introduced, mainly in combination with Merkle trees and forward-secure symmetric searchable encryption. We then classify the current VDB schemes relying on four different assumptions. Besides, we classify the established VDB schemes built upon two different groups. Finally, we introduce the applications and future development of VDB. To our knowledge, this is the first VDB review paper to date.

Atom-based optical polarization modulator.

In this work, we employ 87Rb atoms as rotation media to manipulate the polarization of optical fields in both magnetic and magnetic-free environments. Employing the nonlinear magneto-optical rotation mechanism, we achieve a state-of-the-art magneto-optical rotation coefficient of 1.74×108 rad⋅T-1⋅m-1 which is four orders of magnitude higher than commonly employed materials. Additionally, in a magnetic-free environment, we achieve all-optical cross-polarization modulation between the pump and probe light via Rb atoms. The nonlinear magneto-optical rotation configuration introduces inventive techniques for a new type of magneto-optical modulator while the all-optical configuration paves the way for exploring photonic integrated circuit (PIC) devices free from disruptions caused by electrical or magnetic crosstalk.

Heavy grazing reduces soil bacterial diversity by increasing soil pH in a semi-arid steppe.

Background: In a context of long-term highly intensive grazing in grassland ecosystems, a better understanding of how quickly belowground biodiversity responds to grazing is required, especially for soil microbial diversity. Methods: In this study, we conducted a grazing experiment which included the CK (no grazing with a fenced enclosure undisturbed by livestock), light and heavy grazing treatments in a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. Microbial diversity and soil chemical properties (i.e., pH value, organic carbon, inorganic nitrogen (IN, NH4+-N and NO3--N), total carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and available phosphorus content) both in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils were analyzed to explore the responses of microbial diversity to grazing intensity and the underlying mechanisms. Results: The results showed that heavy grazing only deceased bacterial diversity in the non-rhizosphere soil, but had no any significant effects on fungal diversity regardless of rhizosphere or non-rhizosphere soils. Bacterial diversity in the rhizosphere soil was higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil only in the heavy grazing treatment. Also, heavy grazing significantly increased soil pH value but deceased NH4+-N and available phosphorus in the non-rhizosphere soil. Spearman correlation analysis showed that soil pH value was significantly negatively correlated with the bacterial diversity in the non-rhizosphere soil. Combined, our results suggest that heavy grazing decreased soil bacterial diversity in the non-rhizosphere soil by increasing soil pH value, which may be due to the accumulation of dung and urine from livestock. Our results highlight that soil pH value may be the main factor driving soil microbial diversity in grazing ecosystems, and these results can provide scientific basis for grassland management and ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid area.

Genome-wide characterization of the bHLH gene family in Gynostemma pentaphyllum reveals its potential role in the regulation of gypenoside biosynthesis.

BACKGROUND: Gynostemma pentaphyllum, an ancient Chinese herbal medicine, serves as a natural source of gypenosides with significant medicinal properties. Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play pivotal roles in numerous biological processes, especially in the regulation of secondary metabolism in plants. However, the characteristics and functions of the bHLH genes in G. pentaphyllum remain unexplored, and their regulatory role in gypenoside biosynthesis remains poorly elucidated. RESULTS: This study identified a total of 111 bHLH members in G. pentaphyllum (GpbHLHs), categorizing them into 26 subgroups based on shared conserved motif compositions and gene structures. Collinearity analysis illustrated that segmental duplications predominately lead to the evolution of GpbHLHs, with most duplicated GpbHLH gene pairs undergoing purifying selection. Among the nine gypenoside-related GpbHLH genes, two GpbHLHs (GpbHLH15 and GpbHLH58) were selected for further investigation based on co-expression analysis and functional prediction. The expression of these two selected GpbHLHs was dramatically induced by methyl jasmonate, and their nuclear localization was confirmed. Furthermore, yeast one-hybrid and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that GpbHLH15 and GpbHLH58 could bind to the promoters of the gypenoside biosynthesis pathway genes, such as GpFPS1, GpSS1, and GpOSC1, and activate their promoter activity to varying degrees. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings provide a detailed analysis of the bHLH family and valuable insights into the potential use of GpbHLHs to enhance the accumulation of gypenosides in G. pentaphyllum.

Integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis provides insights into aromatic volatiles formation in Cinnamomum cassia bark at different harvesting times.

BACKGROUND: Cinnamomum cassia Presl, classified in the Lauraceae family, is widely used as a spice, but also in medicine, cosmetics, and food. Aroma is an important factor affecting the medicinal and flavoring properties of C. cassia, and is mainly determined by volatile organic compounds (VOCs); however, little is known about the composition of aromatic VOCs in C. cassia and their potential molecular regulatory mechanisms. Here, integrated transcriptomic and volatile metabolomic analyses were employed to provide insights into the formation regularity of aromatic VOCs in C. cassia bark at five different harvesting times. RESULTS: The bark thickness and volatile oil content were significantly increased along with the development of the bark. A total of 724 differentially accumulated volatiles (DAVs) were identified in the bark samples, most of which were terpenoids. Venn analysis of the top 100 VOCs in each period showed that twenty-eight aromatic VOCs were significantly accumulated in different harvesting times. The most abundant VOC, cinnamaldehyde, peaked at 120 months after planting (MAP) and dominated the aroma qualities. Five terpenoids, α-copaene, ß-bourbonene, α-cubebene, α-funebrene, and δ-cadinene, that peaked at 240 MAP could also be important in creating C. cassia's characteristic aroma. A list of 43,412 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the biosynthetic pathways of aromatic VOCs were identified, including phenylpropanoids, mevalonic acid (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP). A gene-metabolite regulatory network for terpenoid and phenylpropanoid metabolism was constructed to show the key candidate structural genes and transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids and phenylpropanoids. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our research revealed the composition and changes of aromatic VOCs in C. cassia bark at different harvesting stages, differentiated the characteristic aroma components of cinnamon, and illuminated the molecular mechanism of aroma formation. These foundational results will provide technical guidance for the quality breeding of C. cassia.

Dual blockchain-based data sharing mechanism with privacy protection for medical internet of things.

In the period of big data, the Medical Internet of Things (MIoT) serves as a critical technology for modern medical data collection. Through medical devices and sensors, it enables real-time collection of a large amount of patients' physiological parameters and health data. However, these data are often generated in a high-speed, large-scale, and diverse manner, requiring integration with traditional medical systems, which further exacerbates the phenomenon of scattered and heterogeneous medical data. Additionally, the privacy and security requirements for the devices and sensor data involved in the MIoT are more stringent. Therefore, when designing a medical data sharing mechanism, the data privacy protection capability of the mechanism must be fully considered. This paper proposes an alliance chain medical data sharing mechanism based on a dual-chain structure to achieve secure sharing of medical data among entities such as medical institutions, research institutions, and cloud privacy centers, and at the same time provide privacy protection functions to achieve a balanced combination of privacy protection capability and data accessibility of medical data. First, a knowledge technology based on ciphertext policy attribute encryption with zero-knowledge concise non-interactive argumentation is used, combined with the data sharing structure of the federation chain, to ensure the integrity and privacy-protecting capability of medical data. Second, the approach employs certificate-based signing and proxy re-encryption technology, ensuring that entities can decrypt and verify medical data at the cloud privacy center using this methodology, consequently addressing the confidentiality concerns surrounding medical data. Third, an efficient and secure key identity-based encryption protocol is used to ensure the legitimacy of user identity and improve the security of medical data. Finally, the theoretical and practical performance analysis proves that the mechanism is feasible and efficient compared with other existing mechanisms.

MicroRNA-196a-5p facilitates the onset and progression via targeting ITM2B in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent malignancy affecting the digestive tract, with an increasing incidence rate worldwide. Recently, numerous studies revealed that microRNAs were associated with gene expression regulation, particularly their involvement in the regulation of tumor cells, garnering widespread attention. Here, we discovered that miR-196a-5p was significantly upregulated in both ESCC tissues and cells, which was correlated with an unfavorable prognosis. Series functional in vitro investigations have confirmed that silencing miR-196a-5p obviously restrained the ESCC cells malignant phenotypes and promoted apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and rescue experiments revealed that miR-196a-5p directly targeted ITM2B, exerting influence on the development of ESCC cells through negative regulation of ITM2B expression. Xenograft mouse models were established for conducting in vivo experiments, providing further confirmation of the regulatory mechanism and biological significance of the miR-196a-5p/ITM2B axis in ESCC. Our research demonstrated miR-196a-5p promoted ESCC malignant progression by interacting with ITM2B, thereby providing novel clues and potential targets for the new diagnosis and thereby of ESCC.

KF-catalyzed direct thiomethylation of carboxylic acids with DMSO to access methyl thioesters.

With dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the methylthio source, a KF-catalyzed strategy was employed for the direct thiomethylation of carboxylic acids with DMSO for the preparation of methyl thioesters. In this process, a wide range of methyl thioesters were obtained in moderate to excellent yields. This novel strategy features the first use of DMSO as a methylthiolating agent for the construction of methyl thioesters, transition metal-free conditions, inexpensive reagents, easy workup, broad substrate scope and sustainability. Additionally, this procedure can be readily scaled up to a gram scale.

[Effect of uridine on mitochondrial function].

Uridine is one of the essential nutrients in organisms. To maintain normal cell growth and intracellular metabolism, the uridine must be maintained at certain concentration. Recent studies have shown that uridine can reduce inflammatory response in organisms, participate in glycolysis, and regulate intracellular protein modification, such as glycosylation and acetylation. Furthermore, it can protect cells from hypoxic injury by reducing intracellular oxidative stress, promoting high-energy compounds synthesis. Previous studies have shown that the protective effects of uridine are closely related to its effect on mitochondria. This review summarizes the effect of uridine on mitochondrial function.

Blockchain-based fake news traceability and verification mechanism.

The rapid development of the Internet and Internet of Things has rapidly introduced human society into the information age, and the way of fake news production has been updated, which has greatly affected the normal life of human beings. In order to identify worthless fake news and trace massive fake news data from unknown sources, and share valuable news data to fully disseminate effective real news, news owners usually store news data in cloud. Users of IoT terminals can access news data on demand without storing it locally. However, the authenticity of the fictive newspaper numbers source, which is easy to destroy, and the social media platform. Besides, when massive news data is saved on cloud server, the news owners have to at the risk of lose physical control over news data and it will face the risk of fake news being disseminated and real news being falsified. Thus, this paper proposes a novel mechanism for secure storage of news data using blockchain technology. Firstly, traceability and verification of fake news data is improved by the cooperative storage model on and off the chain. Secondly due to the inability of past polynomial commitment to update the commitment, we will be a hindrance to use polynomial commitment to build a secure authentication protocol. Therefore, in this paper, we design the update algorithm for polynomial commitment in order to be able to guarantee the consistency of on-chain and blockchain database news data.