Deficiency of Acetyltransferase nat10 in Zebrafish Causes Developmental Defects in the Visual Function.

Purpose: N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification catalyzed by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), a critical factor known to influence mRNA stability. However, the role of ac4C in visual development remains unexplored. Methods: Analysis of public datasets and immunohistochemical staining were conducted to assess the expression pattern of nat10 in zebrafish. We used CRISPR/Cas9 and RNAi technologies to knockout (KO) and knockdown (KD) nat10, the zebrafish ortholog of human NAT10, and evaluated its effects on early development. To assess the impact of nat10 knockdown on visual function, we performed comprehensive histological evaluations and behavioral analyses. Transcriptome profiling and real-time (RT)-PCR were utilized to detect alterations in gene expression resulting from the nat10 knockdown. Dot-blot and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP)-PCR analyses were conducted to verify changes in ac4C levels in both total RNA and opsin mRNA specifically. Additionally, we used the actinomycin D assay to examine the stability of opsin mRNA following the nat10 KD. Results: Our study found that the zebrafish NAT10 protein shares similar structural properties with its human counterpart. We observed that the nat10 gene was prominently expressed in the visual system during early zebrafish development. A deficiency of nat10 in zebrafish embryos resulted in increased mortality and developmental abnormalities. Behavioral and histological assessments indicated significant vision impairment in nat10 KD zebrafish. Transcriptomic analysis and RT-PCR identified substantial downregulation of retinal transcripts related to phototransduction, light response, photoreceptors, and visual perception in the nat10 KD group. Dot-blot and RIP-PCR analyses confirmed a pronounced reduction in ac4C levels in both total RNA and specifically in opsin messenger RNA (mRNA). Additionally, by evaluating mRNA decay in zebrafish treated with actinomycin D, we observed a significant decrease in the stability of opsin mRNA in the nat10 KD group. Conclusions: The ac4C-mediated mRNA modification plays an essential role in maintaining visual development and retinal function. The loss of NAT10-mediated ac4C modification results in significant disruptions to these processes, underlining the importance of this RNA modification in ocular development.

Building up a view and understanding of the multifunctional activity of black phosphorous nanosheet modified with the metal atom.

Constructing metal-semiconductor interfaces by loading metal atoms onto two-dimensional material to build atomically dispersed single-atom catalysts (SACs) has emerged as a new frontier for improving atom utilization and designing multifunctional electrocatalysts. Nowadays, studies on black phosphorus nanosheets in electrocatalysis have received much attention and the successful preparation of metal nanoparticle/black phosphorus (BP) hybrid electrocatalysts indicates BP nanosheets can serve as a potential support platform for SACs. Herein, by using large-scale ab initio calculations, we explored a large composition space of SACs with transition metal atoms supported on BP monolayer (M-BP) and built a comprehensive picture of activity trend, stability, and electronic origin towards oxygen reduction and evolution reaction (ORR and OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The results show that the catalytic activity can be widely tuned by reasonable regulation of metal atoms. Ni-, Pd-, and Pt-BP could effectively balance the binding strength of the target intermediates, thus achieving efficient bifunctional activity for OER and ORR. Favorable bifunctional catalytic performance for OER and HER can be realized on Rh-BP. Especially, Pt-BP exhibits promising trifunctional activity towards OER, ORR, and HER. Multiple-level corrections among overpotential, Gibbs free energy, orbital population, and d-band center reveal that the trend and origin of catalytic activity are intrinsically determined by the d-band center of metal sites. The thermodynamic and dynamic stability simulations demonstrate that the active metal centers are firmly anchored on BP substrate with intact M-P bonds. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the rational design of BP-based SACs toward promising multifunctional activity.

Chloroplast-Inspired Carrier Circulation for Improved Photoelectrochemical Photodetectors Based on Ti2CTx Nanosheets.

Here, a photoelectrochemical (PEC) photodetector with good flexibility and high photoresponsivity was successfully fabricated in a vertical structure, where the MXene (Ti2CTx) nanosheet and carbon black electrode were separated by adenosine triphosphate/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (ATP/NADPH)-incorporated solid-state electrolyte. The photocurrent and photoresponsivity can reach 1.84 µA/cm2 and 8.89 µA/W, respectively, under a light intensity of 90 mW/cm2 at a bias potential of 0.6 V, which are approximately 2.3 times those of Ti2CTx nanosheets. The addition of ATP and NADPH to the electrolyte also leads to a large decrease of the rise time from 0.76 to 0.26 s. Furthermore, the photodetector can continue to function and maintain stability under 45° bending and after 500 cycles of bending, indicating a robust device structure and great flexibility. The performance enhancement of the PEC photodetector can be attributed to the synergistic effect of electrolyte additives on Ti2CTx nanosheets, where ATP and NADPH greatly enhance the circulation and utilization of photogenerated carriers. This work suggests that the incorporation of chloroplast-inspired carrier circulation with two-dimensional nanosheets could achieve efficient light-current conversion, providing a new strategy to improve the performance of PEC-type photodetectors.

Defect engineering the electronic and optoelectronic properties of heterostructure of MoSSe/PbS (111).

The structural, electronic and optical properties of MoSSe, PbS (111) and MoSSe/PbS (111) have been studied by the first-principles calculations, and the effect of VSon electronic and optical properties of MoSSe/PbS (111). When PbS (111) is stacked on MoSSe, an internal electric field and ohmic contact are formed at interlayer, and exhibited metal property. Compared with MoSSe and PbS (111) monolayer, MoSSe/PbS (111) heterostructure has higher absorption coefficients. Further analysis shows that this can be attributed to the orbital hybridization between the heterostructure layers. When VSis introduced, spin splitting occurs, making the spin-down channel below the Fermi level and inducing half-metallicity. What's more, Vs MoSSe/PbS (111) still performances better optical absorption coefficient. Based on these findings, the heterogeneous structures and defects not only affect the electronic properties, but also can be used as an effective method to regulate the electrical and optical properties, providing useful theoretical guidance for further experimental studies.

Periodic Ferroelectric Stripe Domains in α-In2Se3 Nanoflakes Grown via Reverse-Flow Chemical Vapor Deposition.

The two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductor α-In2Se3 has aroused great interest in atomic-scale ferroelectric transistors, artificial synapses, and nonvolatile memory devices due to its distinguished 2D ferroelectric properties. We have synthesized α-In2Se3 nanosheets with rare in-plane ferroelectric stripe domains at room temperature on mica substrates using a reverse flow chemical vapor deposition (RFCVD) method and optimized growth parameters. This stripe domain contrast is found to be strongly correlated to the stacking of layers, and the interrelated out-of-plane (OOP) and in-plane (IP) polarization can be manipulated by mapping the artificial domain structure. The acquisition of amplitude and phase hysteresis loops confirms the OOP polarization ferroelectric property. The emergence of striped domains enriches the variety of the ferroelectric structure types and novel properties of 2D In2Se3. This work paves a new way for the controllable growth of van der Waals ferroelectrics and facilitates the development of novel ferroelectric memory device applications.

Evaluation of enlarged laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation in relieving nerve root symptoms and correcting kyphosis for cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the surgical efficacy of enlarged laminectomy with lateral mass screw fixation (EL-LMSF) and anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) for multilevel cervical myelopathy and radiculopathy (CMR) related to kyphosis. Methods: 75 patients were retrospectively reviewed and divided into ACDF and EL-LMSF group. Clinical results including operative time, blood loss, and postoperative complications were compared. The JOA scoring system was used to evaluate spinal cord function and the VAS score evaluate nerve root pain severity. Cervical alignment a C2-C7 was measured with Cobb method and compared to confirm the reconstruction effect. Results: Data on 75 patients (M/F: 41:34; EL-LMSF/ACDF:42/33) with the mean age of 57.5 years (range 43-72 year old) were reviewed retrospectively. Discectomy and/or sub-toal corpectomy in ACDF group was performed with a mean of 3.24 levels (range, 3-4). Enlarged laminectomy in EL-LMSF group was performed with a mean of 3.89 enlarged levels (range, 3-5). The procedure of ACDF group showed a shorter operation time (103 ± 22 min vs. 125 ± 37 min, P = 0.000) and less blood loss (78 ± 15 ml vs. 226 ± 31 ml, P = 0.000) compared than that of the EL-LMSF group. Patients treated with EL-LMSF indicated lower VAS for upper extremity (1.3 ± 1.7 vs. 3.3 ± 1.3, P = 0.003) and better curvature corrected (10.7 ± 4.2° vs. 8.5 ± 3.5°, P = 0.013). The difference were of statistical significance. No statistical difference was found after surgery in the JOA score (14.1 ± 1.7 vs. 13.5 ± 2.1, P = 0.222). During the follow-up period, 15.2% of patients in the ACDF group had complications including 2 cases with transient dysphagia, 1 case with C5 palsy, 1 case with axial pain, and 1 case with screw pullout 3 month after surgery. However, only 9.5% of cases in the EL-LMSF group experienced complications, including 3 cases of axial pain and 1 case of epidural hematoma. Conclusion: The EL-LMSF procedure requires a longer operation time and more blood loss because of the incision of the stenosed foramen. However, the procedure has obvious advantages in relieving nerve root symptoms and correcting cervical curvature with fewer postoperative complications.

Synthesis and Application of Liquid Metal Based-2D Nanomaterials: A Perspective View for Sustainable Energy.

With the continuous exploration of low-dimensional nanomaterials, two dimensional metal oxides (2DMOs) has been received great interest. However, their further development is limited by the high cost in the preparation process and the unstable states caused by the polarization of surface chemical bonds. Recently, obtaining mental oxides via liquid metals have been considered a surprising method for obtaining 2DMOs. Therefore, how to scientifically choose different preparation methods to obtain 2DMOs applying in different application scenarios is an ongoing process worth discussing. This review will provide some new opportunities for the rational design of 2DMOs based on liquid metals. Firstly, the surface oxidation process and in situ electrical replacement reaction process of liquid metals are introduced in detail, which provides theoretical basis for realizing functional 2DMOs. Secondly, by simple sticking method, gas injection method and ultrasonic method, 2DMOs can be obtained from liquid metal, the characteristics of each method are introduced in detail. Then, this review provides some prospective new ideas for 2DMOs in other energy-related applications such as photodegradation, CO2 reduction and battery applications. Finally, the present challenges and future development prospects of 2DMOs applied in liquid metals are presented.

Black Arsenic-Phosphorus Nanosheets for Highly Responsive Photodetection and Dual-Wavelength Ultrafast Pulse Generation at Telecommunication Bands.

Black arsenic-phosphorus (b-AsP), an alloy containing black phosphorus and arsenic in the form of b-AsxP1-x, has a broadly tunable band gap changing with the chemical ratios of As and P. Although mid-infrared photodetectors and mode-locked or Q-switched pulse lasers based on b-AsP (mostly b-As0.83P0.17) are investigated, the potential of this family of materials for near-infrared photonic and optoelectronic applications at telecommunication bands is not fully explored. Here, we have verified a multifunctional fiber device based on b-As0.4P0.6 nanosheets for highly responsive photodetection and dual-wavelength ultrafast pulse generation at around 1550 nm. The fiber laser with a saturable absorber (SA) based on b-As0.4P0.6 nanosheets can output dual-wavelength mode-locking pulses with a larger bandwidth and spectral separation than those based on other two-dimensional (2D) materials. Remarkably, it is found that the b-As0.4P0.6-based photodetector can achieve a high responsivity of 10,200 A/W at 1550 nm and a peak responsivity of 2.29 × 105 A/W at 980 nm. Our work suggests that b-As0.4P0.6 shows great potential in ultrafast photonics, dual-comb spectroscopy, and infrared signal detection.

Stack-dependent ion diffusion behavior in two-dimensional bilayer C3B.

In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) C-based materials have been intensively studied due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Meanwhile, extensive research has revealed that the electrical properties of layered materials can be tuned by changing the stacking pattern. However, the tuning of ion diffusion properties through stacking remains to be explored. In this work, bilayer C3B with different stackings as a lithium-ion battery anode material is systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The calculated results show that bilayer C3B has better electronic properties (with a band gap of 0.44 eV to 0.54 eV) and enhanced bonding strength of Li (-2.82 to -3.27 eV) compared to monolayer C3B. Moreover, the intralayer migration barrier of Li can be regulated by stacking. Interestingly, the AB stacked configuration has the lowest migration barrier of 0.100 eV, which is significantly lower than those of other stacking configurations and monolayer C3B. Further studies revealed that the formation of fast ion diffusion channels in the AB stacked configuration is due to the combined effect of layer distance and in-plane charge transfer. These results offer a new strategy for the regulation of ion diffusion properties in 2D van der Waals materials.

Synergy of heterojunction and interfacial strain for boosting photocatalytic H2 evolution of black phosphorus nanosheets.

As an emerging post-graphene two-dimensional material, black phosphorus (BP) has attracted enormous interest as a promising cocatalyst for photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution, however, the activity of either pristine bulk or BP nanosheets is far from satisfactory. Herein, we present an effective strategy to greatly boost the H2 evolution performance of BP via applying the synergistic effect of heterojunction and interfacial lattice strain. A multilayered heterostructure coupling BP nanosheets and nickel oxide (NiO) nanosheets with abundant interface P-Ni and PO bonds is synthesized and utilized as a proof-of-concept material for our design. Both the experimental and theoretical results have revealed that the strain is formed in BP-NiO multilayered heterostructure. The generated lattice strain induces the charge redistribution at the interface between BP and NiO, which leads to the improved electron transfer efficiency and favorable H* adsorption kinetics for photocatalytic H2 evolution reaction. As a result, the BP-NiO heterostructure with strain effect exhibits much enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution activity in the presence of Eosin Y (EY) as photosensitizer, exceeding that of zero-strained BP/NiO heterostructure and many other reported noble-metal-free cocatalyst.

Stable and flexible photodetector based on liquid-phase exfoliated titanium disulfide nanosheets.

Herein, the TiS2nanosheets (NSs) are prepared from the TiS2bulk by the liquid-phase exfoliation to fabricate photoelectrochemical-type (PEC) photodetector. SEM images and Raman spectra show the successful acquisition of the TiS2NSs. The as-prepared TiS2photodetector shows self-powered ability with an applicable photoresponsivity that is about 0.37µA W-1under zero bias potential and 80 mW cm-2visible light, and the response time of rise is 0.67 s and the decay time is 2.81 s. In this case, the photodetector is made of ITO-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET), so it can maintain stable performance under the bending conditions. These results display that the as-prepared photodetector has excellent photoelectric properties, which facilitates the development of TiS2NSs in optoelectronic devices.

Copranaerobaculum intestinale gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic bacterium isolated from human faeces.

A novel obligate anaerobic organism, designated DONG20-135T, was isolated from human faeces collected in Beijing, PR China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, non-motile and non-spore-forming. Growth occurred at 25‒45 °C (optimum, 30‒35 °C), a pH range of 6-9 (optimum, pH 8) and in the presence of 0‒3.5 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0.5‒1.5 %). The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1 ω9c and C10 : 0, the polar lipid profile consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, four glycolipids, six aminolipids, three aminophospholipids and four unidentified lipids. No respiratory quinones were detected. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of the strain was A1γ type, containing meso-diaminopimelic acid. The 16S rRNA gene sequences shared a lower identity (<92.7 % similarity) with the described species. The phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and the protein-concatamer tree showed that strain DONG20-135T formed a distinct lineage within the family Erysipelotrichaceae. The genomic DNA G + C content was 42.2 mol%. Based on the results of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic analyses, strain DONG20-135T represents a novel genus of the family Erysipelotrichaceae, for which the name Copranaerobaculum intestinale gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed (=KCTC 15868T=CGMCC 1.17357T).

Deep learning in food science: An insight in evaluating Pickering emulsion properties by droplets classification and quantification via object detection algorithm.

Understanding the complicated emulsion microstructures by microscopic images will help to further elaborate their mechanisms and relevance. The formidable goal of the classification and quantification of emulsion microstructure appears difficult to achieve. However, object detection algorithm in deep learning makes it feasible. This paper reports a new technique for evaluating Pickering emulsion properties through classification and quantification of the emulsion microstructure by object detection algorithm. The trained neural network models characterize the emulsion droplets by distinguishing between different individual emulsion droplets and morphological mechanisms from numerous microscopic images. The quantified results of the emulsion droplets presented in this study, provide details of statistical changes at different concentrations of the Pickering interface and storage temperatures enabling elucidation of the mechanisms involved. This methodology provides a new quantitative and statistical analysis of emulsion microstructure and properties.

Alterations in gut microbiota and metabolites associated with altitude-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats during hypobaric hypoxia challenge.

The gut microbiota is involved in host responses to high altitude. However, the dynamics of intestinal microecology and their association with altitude-related illness are poorly understood. Here, we used a rat model of hypobaric hypoxia challenge to mimic plateau exposure and monitored the gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids (BAs) over 28 d. We identified weight loss, polycythemia, and pathological cardiac hypertrophy in hypoxic rats, accompanied by a large compositional shift in the gut microbiota, which is mainly driven by the bacterial families of Prevotellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, and Streptococcaceae. The aberrant gut microbiota was characterized by increased abundance of the Parabacteroides, Alistipes, and Lactococcus genera and a larger Bacteroides to Prevotella ratio. Trans-omics analyses showed that the gut microbiome was significantly correlated with the metabolic abnormalities of SCFAs and BAs in feces, suggesting an interaction network remodeling of the microbiome-metabolome after the hypobaric hypoxia challenge. Interestingly, the transplantation of fecal microbiota significantly increased the diversity of the gut microbiota, partially inhibited the increased abundance of the Bacteroides and Alistipes genera, restored the decrease of plasma propionate, and moderately ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy in hypoxic rats. Our results provide an insight into the longitudinal changes in intestinal microecology during the hypobaric hypoxia challenge. Abnormalities in the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites contribute to the development of high-altitude heart disease in rats.

Gut Microbiome-Targeted Modulations Regulate Metabolic Profiles and Alleviate Altitude-Related Cardiac Hypertrophy in Rats.

It is well known that humans physiologically or pathologically respond to high altitude, with these responses accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiome. To investigate whether gut microbiota modulation can alleviate high-altitude-related diseases, we administered probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in rat model with altitude-related cardiac impairment after hypobaric hypoxia challenge and observed that all three treatments alleviated cardiac hypertrophy as measured by heart weight-to-body weight ratio and gene expression levels of biomarkers in heart tissue. The disruption of gut microbiota induced by hypobaric hypoxia was also ameliorated, especially for microbes of Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families. Metabolome revealed that hypobaric hypoxia significantly altered the plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), amino acids, neurotransmitters, and free fatty acids, but not the overall fecal SCFAs and BAs. The treatments were able to restore homeostasis of plasma amino acids and neurotransmitters to a certain degree, but not for the other measured metabolites. This study paves the way to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiome in high-altitude related diseases and opens opportunity to target gut microbiome for therapeutic purpose. IMPORTANCE Evidence suggests that gut microbiome changes upon hypobaric hypoxia exposure; however, it remains elusive whether this microbiome change is a merely derivational reflection of host physiological alteration, or it synergizes to exacerbate high-altitude diseases. We intervened gut microbiome in the rat model of prolonged hypobaric hypoxia challenge and found that the intervention could alleviate the symptoms of pathological cardiac hypertrophy, gut microbial dysbiosis, and metabolic disruptions of certain metabolites in gut and plasma induced by hypobaric hypoxia. Our study suggests that gut microbiome may be a causative factor for high-altitude-related pathogenesis and a target for therapeutic intervention.

Au Nanoparticle Modification Induces Charge-Transfer Channels to Enhance the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction of InSe Nanosheets.

Electrocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production is an efficient, clean, and sustainable strategy to solve energy and environmental problems. As the important alternative materials for noble metals (Pt, Ir, etc.), two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely applied for electrocatalysis, although the practical performance is restricted by low carrier mobility and slow reaction kinetics. Here, we adopt the strategy of Au nanoparticle modification to achieve the enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of InSe nanosheets. Experimental results prove that the HER performance of InSe nanosheets is significantly enhanced under the modification of Au nanoparticles, and the overpotential (392 mV) and Tafel slope (59 mV/dec) are significantly reduced compared to sole InSe nanosheets (580 mV and 148.2 mV/dec). First-principles calculations have found that the InSe/Au system exhibits metallicity because the free electrons provided by the Au particles are injected into the InSe, thereby improving its conductivity. The difference charge density and localized charge density of InSe/Au show that Au nanoparticle loading can induce the formation of Au-Se electron-transfer channels with electrovalent bond characteristics, which effectively promotes the charge transfer. Meanwhile, the standard free-energy calculation of the HER process shows that the InSe/Au heterojunction has a H* adsorption/desorption Gibbs free energy [(|ΔGH*|) = 0.59 eV] closer to the optimal value. This study reveals the theoretical mechanism of metal modification to improve the performance of electrocatalytic HER and is expected to motivate the development of a new strategy for enhancing the catalytic activity of 2D semiconductor materials.

A graphene-Mo2C heterostructure for a highly responsive broadband photodetector.

Photodetectors based on intrinsic graphene can operate over a broad wavelength range with ultrafast response, but their responsivity is much lower than commercial silicon photodiodes. The combination of graphene with two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors may enhance the light absorption, but there is still a cutoff wavelength originating from the bandgap of semiconductors. Here, we report a highly responsive broadband photodetector based on the heterostructure of graphene and transition metal carbides (TMCs, more specifically Mo2C). The graphene-Mo2C heterostructure enhanced light absorption over a broad wavelength range from ultraviolet to infrared. In addition, there is very small resistance for photoexcited carriers in both graphene and Mo2C. Consequently, photodetectors based on the graphene-Mo2C heterostructure deliver a very high responsivity from visible to infrared telecommunication wavelengths.

Bioorthogonal Photocatalytic Decaging-Enabled Mitochondrial Proteomics.

Spatiotemporally resolved dissection of subcellular proteome is crucial to our understanding of cellular functions in health and disease. We herein report a bioorthogonal and photocatalytic decaging-enabled proximity labeling strategy (CAT-Prox) for spatiotemporally resolved mitochondrial proteome profiling in living cells. Our systematic survey of the photocatalysts has led to the identification of Ir(ppy)2bpy as a bioorthogonal and mitochondria-targeting catalyst that allowed photocontrolled, rapid rescue of azidobenzyl-caged quinone methide as a highly reactive Michael acceptor for proximity-based protein labeling in mitochondria of live cells. Upon careful validation through in vitro labeling, mitochondria-targeting specificity, in situ catalytic activity as well as protein tagging, we applied CAT-Prox for mitochondria proteome profiling in living Hela cells as well as hard-to-transfect macrophage RAW264.7 cells with approximately 70% mitochondria specificity observed from up to 300 proteins enriched. Finally, CAT-Prox was further applied to the dynamic dissection of mitochondria proteome of macrophage cells upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. By integrating photocatalytic decaging chemistry with proximity-based protein labeling, CAT-Prox offers a general, catalytic, and nongenetic alternative to the enzyme-based proximity labeling strategies for diverse live cell settings.

Stable flexible photodetector based on FePS3/reduced graphene oxide heterostructure with significant enhancement in photoelectrochemical performance.

Herein, FePS3/reduced graphene oxide heterostructure has been prepared via a typical hydrothermal process, and flexible photodetectors based on hybrids have been subsequently fabricated. The photoresponse measurement results demonstrate that the photodetector exhibits obvious photoelectric conversion behavior without applied potential, indicating that the device possesses the capability to be self-powered. In addition, the photocurrent density of the as-fabricated photodetectors reaches up to 125 nA cm-2under 90 mW cm-2illumination intensity without an external power source, which is 5.86 times higher than single FePS3-based devices. Furthermore, the maximum attenuation in photocurrent density of the as-fabricated flexible photodetectors measured at -0.3 V after different bending cycles and bending angles is 29.8% and 17.7%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the as-fabricated photodetectors have excellent flexibility and provide a simple and effective strategy for the construction of flexible photodetectors.

Recent advances of monoelemental 2D materials for photocatalytic applications.

As a sustainable environmental governance strategy and energy conversion method, photocatalysis has considered to have great potential in this field due to its excellent optical properties and has become one of the most attractive technologies today. Among 2D materials, the emerging two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials mainly distributed in the -IIIA, -IVA, -VA and -VIA groups and show excellent performance in solar energy conversion due to their graphene-like 2D atomic structure and unique properties, thereby drawing increasing attention. This review briefly summarizes the preparation processes and fundamental properties of 2D single-element nanomaterials, as well as various modification strategies and adjustment mechanisms to enhance their photocatalytic properties. In particular, this article comprehensively discusses the related practical applications of 2D single-element materials in the field of photocatalysis, including photocatalytic degradation for contaminants removal, photocatalytic pathogen inactivation, photocatalytic fouling control and photocatalytic energy conversion. This review will provide some new opportunities for the rational design of other excellent photocatalysts based on 2D monoelemental materials, as well as present tremendous novel ideas for 2D monoelemental materials in other environmental conservation and energy-related applications, such as supercapacitors, electrocatalysis, solar cells, and so on.