Rice crop residue management by the microbial consortium for rapid decomposition of straw.

Globally, more than 5 billion tons of crop residue (mainly rice straw) are produced yearly, and their management results in pollution, which kills microbes and limits soil nutrient recycling. Therefore, on-farm management that boosts degradation speed will improve the practicability of crop residue retention practices. The present study evaluated the 21 microbial isolates (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Fusarium, and Rhizopus) from the soil of different agroclimatic zones obtained from rice fields for in situ straw degradation. The microbial diversity of these isolates was analyzed using 16 s rRNA and 18 s rRNA primers from various soil samples. The rice straw was used for degradation from isolated pathogens individually and in combination, and the results were analyzed using FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The result suggested that the straw's degradation was the maximum with Trichoderma and Aspergillus, followed by the mixture of the isolates (Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Fusarium, and Rhizopus). Furthermore, SEM (scanning electron microscope) observed the degradation rate on different days of inoculation (7, 14, 28, 56, 70, and 100 DAI). The results showed that 90 DAI caused the highest degradation of rice straw. Therefore, Trichoderma containing microbial consortia could be used for vermicompost production from rice straw in field conditions, and it could increase crop productivity. Overall, our study added knowledge in rice straw management through a microbial consortium for better utilization in predominantly rice-growing countries. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-024-03982-z.

Conservative management of fish bone-induced large bowel perforation: Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Fish bone ingestion is one of the common medical complaint. Most foreign bodies passed safely through gastrointestinal tract (GIT) without any complications. The clinical presentation of foreign body ingestion is similar to other conditions such as diverticulitis. Most literatures focus on the surgical management of complications secondary to fish bone ingestion. In this case we report a case of an elder patient with complain of progressive abdominal pain. PRESENTATION OF CASE: 71-year-old female, admitted to surgical ward with the complain of progressive abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed right upper quadrant tenderness with normal digital rectal examination. An abdominal X-ray was obtained and was not remarkable. Computed tomography (CT) chest, abdomen, and pelvis with contrast revealed proximal transverse colon wall thickening with reginal soft tissue thickening, inflammation and a radiopaque foreign body. Patient was managed conservatively by bowel rest, and antibiotics. DISCUSSION: Fish bone swallowing account for two third of these foreign bodies. Most of the foreign bodies pass through the gastrointestinal tract (GIT)without any significant harm or complications. The clinical presentation of perforation secondary to fish bone is nonspecific which may delay the diagnosis. The management can be either medical or surgical depend on many factors. CONCLUSION: Although, foreign body ingestion is one of the common complaints in the medical practice, its complications is extremely uncommon. However, improvement of medical imaging increased sensitivity and specify in detecting fish bone.

Trichoblastoma mimicking basal cell carcinoma and the approach to its management: Case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Trichoblastoma is a benign and rare cutaneous lesion with striking resemblance to basal cell carcinoma. However, the course of the illness varies significantly from basal cell carcinoma. It usually takes a less malicious route and causes minimal harm to the patient,unlike basal cell carcinoma where it can be aggressive and requires additional radiotherapy. Therefore, being able to differentiate them from one another is crucial to properly set a management plan. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old Saudi male, diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma of the scalp in Dammam Medical Centre (DMC) and was referred to our hospital for re-excision of positive margins. Slide review of the histopathology samples in our hospital showed features consistent with trichoblastoma. This was further confirmed by a dermahistopathologist. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: This rare benign tumour has posed multiple challenges in the clinical setting as not enough studies were conducted in order to dictate a proper management course. However, current management approach to the majority of skin lesions rely on the histopathological subtype and surgical excision. Many benign and malignant dermatological entities may mimic basal cell carcinoma, and therefore misdiagnosis can lead to either unnecessary excision or delayed treatment of metastatic disease. It is important to request the proper investigations to ease the process of diagnosis and more importantly, the process of differentiation. CONCLUSION: Differentiating the two tumours from one another allows for the initiation of proper treatment early resulting in an improved prognosis for both lesions. The gold standard investigation to diagnose and differentiate between them is a surgical biopsy. Trichoblastoma typically has a favourable prognosis with a low incidence of recurrence or progression.

First tracheal ring fracture in a complex thyroid surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Tracheal injury is a rare complication of thyroidectomy that endocrine surgeons might face during or after the surgery. It accounts for less than 1 % of all thyroidectomy complications. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old who presented with hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms, diagnosed with Graves' disease. Patient underwent total thyroidectomy after failure of the medical management that ended in first tracheal ring laceration. Tracheal laceration discovered intraoperatively and repaired with primary closure. DISCUSSION: Tracheal injury is one of the rare complications of thyroidectomy. It can be discovered intraoperative or postoperative. Tracheal injury can be managed conservatively or surgically depending on the size of the injury. But, the early diagnosis of it can lead to better outcome and decrease the mortality and morbidity. CONCLUSION: Tracheal injury can be prevented by increasing the awareness of its presentation and its risk factors.

Intercostal hemangioma: Case report of a rare chest wall tumor in childhood.

INTRODUCTION: Intercostal hemangioma is an extremely rare disease. It is difficult to distinguish intercostal hemangioma from other chest wall tumors. The difficulty in preoperative diagnosis may result in incomplete surgical resection and hence a high rate of recurrence. CASE PRESENTATION: A 14-year-old boy who presented with asymptomatic right lateral chest wall mass with no history of trauma. Different radiological modalities were employed for diagnosis including computed tomography (CT) showed a soft tissue mass 6.5×4×5.6cm in size abutting 5th and 6th ribs. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed iso-intense signal in T1 and hyperintense signal in T2, that is higher than that of adjacent muscles in the inferolateral right chest wall which was compatible with intercostal hemangioma. The patient underwent surgery for excision of the mass. Through right posterolateral thoracotomy, there was a well-demarcated mass abutting 5th, and 6th ribs filling the right 5th interspaces. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of intercostal hemangioma. DISCUSSION: Chest wall hemangiomas are uncommon and mostly arise outside the rib cage. Hemangiomas rarely occur in the intercostal space, and most of these originate from intercostal muscles (Agarwal et al., 2006). Watson and McCarthy postulated two theories for the etiology of hemangiomas. The more widely supported theory claims that hemangiomas are of congenital origin. The other theory proposes a traumatic origin of hemangiomas. CONCLUSION: Complete surgical resection should not be compromised by the resultant chest wall defect to prevent recurrence.

Proton pump inhibitors induce hemolytic anemia.

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are generally safe, and their short-term use commonly does not induce hemolytic anemia. The underlying mechanisms are unknown, and the literature insufficiently explores hemolytic anemia as an adverse event induced by PPIs. In this case study, we report a 31-year-old female who had developed hemolytic anemia with symptoms of jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, and high reticulocytes, after treatment with PPI. Interestingly, the patient completely recovered after PPI withdrawal. This present case study highlights the need for physicians to exercise caution when treating patients with PPI.