RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although statins reduce adverse cardiovascular outcomes, less than one-half of eligible patients receive treatment. A nonprescription statin has the potential to improve access to statins. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to assess concordance between clinician and consumer assessment of eligibility for nonprescription statin treatment using a technology assisted self-selection Web application (Web App) and evaluate effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. METHODS: This study was a prospective actual use 6-month study to evaluate use of a Web App to qualify participants without a medical background for a moderate-intensity statin based on current guidelines. Participants entered demographic information, cholesterol values, blood pressure, and concomitant medications into the Web App, resulting in 3 possible outcomes: "do not use," "ask a doctor," and "OK to use." RESULTS: The study included 1,196 participants, with a median age of 63 years (Q1-Q3: 57-68 years); 39.6% were women, 79.3% were White, 11.7% were Black, and 4.1% had limited literacy. Mean LDL-C was 139.6 ± 28.3 mg/dL and the median calculated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was 10.1% (Q1-Q3: 7.3%-14.0%). Initial Web App self-selection resulted in an outcome concordant with clinician assessment in 90.7% (95% CI: 88.9%-92.3%) of participants, and 98.1% (95% CI: 97.1%-98.8%) had a concordant final use outcome during treatment. Mean percent change in LDL-C was -35.5% (95% CI: -36.6% to -34.3%). Serious adverse events occurred in 27 (2.3%) participants, none related to the study drug. CONCLUSIONS: In this actual use study, a technology-assisted Web App allowed >90% of consumers to correctly self-select for statin use and achieve clinically important LDL-C reductions. (Technology-Assisted Cholesterol Trial in Consumers [TACTiC]; NCT04964544).
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas , Internet , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Anciano , Estudios Prospectivos , Medicamentos sin Prescripción/uso terapéutico , LDL-Colesterol/sangreRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Supplements are commonly used by individuals with indications for lipid-lowering therapy, but evidence of their effectiveness to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is lacking, particularly when compared with statins. OBJECTIVES: The trial objective was to compare the efficacy of a low-dose statin with placebo and 6 common supplements in impacting lipid and inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective, randomized, single-blind clinical trial among adults with no history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), an LDL-C of 70 to 189 mg/dL, and an increased 10-year risk of ASCVD. Participants were randomized to rosuvastatin 5 mg daily, placebo, fish oil, cinnamon, garlic, turmeric, plant sterols, or red yeast rice. The primary endpoint was the percent change in LDL-C from baseline for rosuvastatin 5 mg daily compared with placebo and each supplement after 28 days. The primary endpoint was evaluated in a hierarchical fashion with rosuvastatin first compared with placebo, then each supplement in a prespecified order using analysis of covariance. RESULTS: A total of 190 participants completed the study. The percent LDL-C reduction with rosuvastatin was greater than all supplements and placebo (P < 0.001). The difference in LDL-C reduction with rosuvastatin compared with placebo was -35.2% (95% CI: -41.3% to -29.1%; P < 0.001). None of the dietary supplements demonstrated a significant decrease in LDL-C compared with placebo. Adverse event rates were similar across study groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among individuals with increased 10-year risk for ASCVD, rosuvastatin 5 mg daily lowered LDL-C significantly more than placebo, fish oil, cinnamon, garlic, turmeric, plant sterols, and red yeast rice. (Supplements, Placebo, or Rosuvastatin Study [SPORT]; NCT04846231).
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas , Fitosteroles , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , LDL-Colesterol , Método Simple Ciego , Estudios Prospectivos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores , Suplementos Dietéticos , Aceites de Pescado , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Introduction: While serious liver injury among statin users is extremely rare, baseline liver enzyme testing is still recommended prior to initiating therapy. The benefit of such screening should be reevaluated based on empirical evidence. This study compared the risk of severe acute liver injury (SALI) between statin initiators with an elevated ALT (>35U/L) matched to statin initiators with a normal ALT level (≤35U/L). Statin initiators with an elevated ALT were additionally compared against matched non-users. Methods: The study created cohorts from Optum and MarketScan claims data. Exposed and comparison cohorts were propensity score (PS) matched in each dataset and findings were pooled using meta-analysis. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), and a prespecified non-inferiority margin for SALI was set at a HR of 1.8. Results: 232,889 patients with elevated ALT were PS-matched to 232,889 with normal ALT level. The overall incidence rate of SALI was about 19/100,000 person-years among statin initiators. Statin initiators with elevated ALT had no meaningfully increased risk of SALI compared to those with normal ALT (HR=1.15; 95% CI 0.75 to 1.75). Comparing statin initiators with non-initiators with elevated ALT values equally yielded no increased risk (HR=0.76; 95% CI 0.52 to 1.11). Conclusion: In this large population-based study, SALI in statin users was rare. Importantly, the results showed no evidence that baseline ALT status is a reliable indicator for an increased risk of severe liver injury among statin initiators.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although statins reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, only about one-half of eligible patients receive treatment. Safe and appropriate consumer access to statins could have a significant positive public health impact. OBJECTIVES: This study compares the concordance between a participant and clinician assessment of eligibility for statin therapy using a technology-assisted approach. METHODS: A total of 500 participants, 83 with limited literacy, completed an at-home Web-based application to assess appropriateness for treatment with rosuvastatin 5 mg. The Web application is designed to assess eligibility for a moderate-intensity statin based on current guidelines and deny access to individuals with contraindications to rosuvastatin. Subsequently, participants visited a research site where clinicians, blinded to the information the participant entered, performed an independent Web application assessment. The Web application is programmed for 1 of 3 rosuvastatin treatment outcomes: "OK to use," "not right for you," or "ask a doctor." The primary endpoint was the percent of participants whose self-selected eligibility for nonprescription rosuvastatin was concordant with clinician assessment. RESULTS: For the primary endpoint, participant selection for statin therapy was concordant with clinician selection in 481 (96.2%) of 500 participants (95% confidence interval: 94.1%-97.7%), of whom 23 (4.6%) were deemed appropriate and 458 (91.6%) were deemed inappropriate for treatment. Discordance was due to incorrect self-selection ("OK to use") in 3 cases, incorrect rejection ("not right for you") in 14 cases and an incorrect "ask a doctor" outcome in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a technology-assisted approach to consumer self-selection for statin therapy resulted in participant self-selection that showed substantial agreement with clinician selection.
Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Medicamentos sin Prescripción , Rosuvastatina Cálcica/uso terapéutico , Automedicación , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Validación de Programas de ComputaciónAsunto(s)
Enfermedad Coronaria/historia , Fluorobencenos/historia , Ácidos Heptanoicos/historia , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/historia , Hipolipemiantes/historia , Pravastatina/historia , Pirimidinas/historia , Pirroles/historia , Simvastatina/historia , Sulfonamidas/historia , Atorvastatina , Enfermedad Coronaria/prevención & control , Fluorobencenos/uso terapéutico , Objetivos , Ácidos Heptanoicos/uso terapéutico , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Lípidos/sangre , Lípidos/historia , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Pravastatina/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Pirroles/uso terapéutico , Factores de Riesgo , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , Simvastatina/uso terapéutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The safety and tolerability of rosuvastatin were assessed (as of August 2003) using data from 12,400 patients who received 5 to 40 mg of rosuvastatin in a multinational phase II/III program, which represented 12,212 patient-years of continuous exposure to rosuvastatin. An integrated database was used to examine adverse events and laboratory data. In placebo-controlled trials, adverse events, irrespective of causality assessment, occurred in 57.4% of patients who received 5 to 40 mg of rosuvastatin (n = 744) and 56.8% of patients who received placebo (n = 382). In fixed-dose trials with comparator statins, 5 to 40 mg of rosuvastatin showed an adverse event profile similar to those for 10 to 80 mg of atorvastatin, 10 to 80 mg of simvastatin, and 10 to 40 mg of pravastatin. Clinically significant elevations in alanine aminotransferase (>3 times the upper limit of normal) and creatine kinase (>10 times the upper limit of normal) were uncommon (Asunto(s)
Fluorobencenos/administración & dosificación
, Fluorobencenos/efectos adversos
, Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/administración & dosificación
, Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/efectos adversos
, Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación
, Pirimidinas/efectos adversos
, Sulfonamidas/administración & dosificación
, Sulfonamidas/efectos adversos
, Adolescente
, Adulto
, Anciano
, Anciano de 80 o más Años
, Alanina Transaminasa/efectos de los fármacos
, Alanina Transaminasa/metabolismo
, Biomarcadores/sangre
, Niño
, LDL-Colesterol/efectos de los fármacos
, LDL-Colesterol/metabolismo
, Creatina Quinasa/efectos de los fármacos
, Creatina Quinasa/metabolismo
, Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga
, Ojo/efectos de los fármacos
, Femenino
, Humanos
, Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico
, Riñón/efectos de los fármacos
, Riñón/metabolismo
, Hígado/efectos de los fármacos
, Hígado/metabolismo
, Masculino
, Persona de Mediana Edad
, Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos
, Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo
, Proteinuria/inducido químicamente
, Rosuvastatina Cálcica
, Resultado del Tratamiento
RESUMEN
Preclinical and limited clinical data suggest that statins decrease the progressive decline in renal function that occurs in patients with renal disease. Pooled analysis of data obtained from a population of hyperlipidemic patients enrolled in the rosuvastatin (Crestor) clinical development program permitted assessment of its effects on renal function both early and later in the course of treatment. Study participants were initially included in controlled clinical trials that evaluated the lipid-lowering efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin when compared with placebo or other lipid-lowering agents (i.e., atorvastatin, simvastatin, pravastatin, cholestyramine, fenofibrate or extended-release niacin). The median duration of treatment with the various doses of statins in these trials was approximately 8 weeks. Following completion of a controlled clinical trial, patients were permitted to enter an open-label extension trial and received rosuvastatin treatment. These data permitted assessment of renal function in a diverse group of over 10,000 patients who received rosuvastatin in its recommended dose range (5-40 mg) for up to 3.8 years. Mean serum creatinine concentrations were lower when compared with baseline both early and later in the course of rosuvastatin treatment. In contrast, no change in mean serum creatinine was observed with placebo. Mean glomerular filtration rates (GFR) predicted from the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation were higher when compared with baseline both early and later in the course of rosuvastatin treatment. No change in GFR was observed in the placebo group. Among patients who received long-term rosuvastatin treatment (> or =96 weeks), GFR was unchanged or tended to increase, rather than decrease, when compared with baseline irrespective of age, gender, hypertensive or diabetic status, level of renal function (GFR > or =60 vs. <60 ml/min/1.73 m(2)) at entry or urine dipstick protein status prior to or during the period of treatment. These findings suggest that rosuvastatin may arrest the progression of renal disease.
Asunto(s)
Fluorobencenos/administración & dosificación , Fluorobencenos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/farmacología , Enfermedades Renales/tratamiento farmacológico , Riñón/fisiopatología , Pirimidinas/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Sulfonamidas/administración & dosificación , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Anciano , Atorvastatina , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados como Asunto , Creatina/sangre , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Esquema de Medicación , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Ácidos Heptanoicos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Heptanoicos/farmacología , Humanos , Hipolipemiantes/administración & dosificación , Hipolipemiantes/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Renales/sangre , Enfermedades Renales/fisiopatología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pravastatina/administración & dosificación , Pravastatina/farmacología , Pirroles/administración & dosificación , Pirroles/farmacología , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , Simvastatina/administración & dosificación , Simvastatina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Patients with combined hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels may benefit from combination therapy with a statin and niacin; therefore, we assessed the efficacy and safety of rosuvastatin and extended-release (ER) niacin alone and in combination in 270 patients with this atherogenic dyslipidemia. Men and women > or =18 years with fasting total cholesterol levels > or =200 mg/dl, triglycerides 200 to 800 mg/dl, apolipoprotein B > or cf=110 mg/dl, and HDL cholesterol <45 mg/dl were randomized to 1 of 4 treatments in this 24-week, open-label, multicenter trial: rosuvastatin 10 to 40 mg; ER niacin 0.5 to 2 g; rosuvastatin 40 mg/ER niacin 0.5 to 1 g; or rosuvastatin 10 mg/ER niacin 0.5 to 2 g. Percent changes from baseline in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol, and other lipid measurements at week 24 were determined by analysis of variance, with statistical testing performed separately between the rosuvastatin monotherapy group and each remaining treatment group. Daily doses of rosuvastatin 40 mg reduced LDL and non-HDL cholesterol significantly more than either ER niacin 2 g or rosuvastatin 10 mg/ER niacin 2 g (-48% vs -0.1% and -36% for LDL cholesterol and -49% vs -11% and -38% for non-HDL cholesterol, respectively; p <0.01 for all comparisons); no additional reduction in LDL or non-HDL cholesterol was observed with the combination of rosuvastatin 40 mg/ER niacin 1.0 g (-42% and -47%; p = NS). Triglyceride reductions ranged from -21% (ER niacin monotherapy) to -39% (rosuvastatin 40 mg/ER niacin 1 g), but no observed differences were statistically significant. Compared with rosuvastatin alone, rosuvastatin 10 mg/ER niacin 2 g produced significantly greater increases in HDL cholesterol (11% vs 24%, p <0.001) and apolipoprotein A-I (5% vs 11%, p <0.017). Similar increases in HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were noted between the monotherapy groups. Over 24 weeks, rosuvastatin alone was better tolerated than either ER niacin alone or the combinations of rosuvastatin and ER niacin.
Asunto(s)
HDL-Colesterol/sangre , Fluorobencenos/administración & dosificación , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipolipoproteinemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Niacina/administración & dosificación , Pirimidinas , Sulfonamidas , Adolescente , Adulto , HDL-Colesterol/efectos de los fármacos , Creatina Quinasa/efectos de los fármacos , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/administración & dosificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Fluorobencenos/efectos adversos , Humanos , Hiperlipidemias/complicaciones , Hipolipoproteinemias/complicaciones , Lipoproteínas/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Niacina/efectos adversos , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Both the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III and the Second Joint Task Force of European Societies guidelines have established low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol goals for lipid-lowering treatment to reduce the risk of coronary artery disease. Data from 3 trials that compared rosuvastatin 10 mg (n = 389) with atorvastatin 10 mg (n = 393) and 2 trials that compared rosuvastatin 10 mg (n = 226) with pravastatin 20 mg (n = 252) and simvastatin 20 mg (n = 249) were pooled separately to compare the achievement of LDL cholesterol goals over 12 weeks of treatment in hypercholesterolemic patients. Noncomparative pooling of rosuvastatin 10 mg results from all 5 trials (n = 615) showed that 80% achieved NCEP ATP III goals and 81% achieved the European goal of <3.0 mmol/L. Compared with atorvastatin 10 mg, significantly more patients treated with rosuvastatin 10 mg achieved their ATP III (76% vs 53%) and European (82% vs 51%) goals (p <0.001). Also, in comparisons with simvastatin 20 mg and pravastatin 20 mg, 86% of patients treated with rosuvastatin 10 mg achieved ATP III goals, compared with 64% of simvastatin-treated patients and 49% of pravastatin-treated patients (p <0.001). The proportions of patients who achieved the European goal were 80%, 48%, and 16% for rosuvastatin 10 mg, simvastatin 20 mg, and pravastatin 20 mg, respectively, in this comparison (all p <0.001). A total of 71% of patients treated with rosuvastatin 10 mg who had triglyceride levels > or =200 mg/dL met both their LDL cholesterol and their non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals.
Asunto(s)
Anticolesterolemiantes/uso terapéutico , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Enfermedad Coronaria/prevención & control , Fluorobencenos/uso terapéutico , Ácidos Heptanoicos/uso terapéutico , Hipercolesterolemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Pravastatina/uso terapéutico , Pirimidinas , Pirroles/uso terapéutico , Simvastatina/uso terapéutico , Sulfonamidas , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticolesterolemiantes/administración & dosificación , Atorvastatina , Enfermedad Coronaria/sangre , Enfermedad Coronaria/etiología , Método Doble Ciego , Esquema de Medicación , Europa (Continente) , Femenino , Fluorobencenos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Heptanoicos/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/uso terapéutico , Hipercolesterolemia/sangre , Hipercolesterolemia/complicaciones , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Multicéntricos como Asunto , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Pravastatina/administración & dosificación , Estudios Prospectivos , Pirroles/administración & dosificación , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Riesgo , Rosuvastatina Cálcica , Simvastatina/administración & dosificación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The efficacy and safety of nisoldipine-extended release (ER) and amlodipine were compared in a 6-week multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel group, titration-to-effect trial in patients with stage 1 to 2 systemic hypertension (90 to 109 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure [BP]) and chronic stable angina pectoris. After a 3-week placebo run-in period, patients (n = 120) were randomly assigned to active treatment with either nisoldipine-ER (20 to 40 mg) or amlodipine (5 to 10 mg) once daily, titrated as necessary after 2 weeks to achieve diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. After 6 weeks, the mean reduction in systolic/diastolic BP from baseline was 15/13 mm Hg with nisoldipine-ER and 13/11 mm Hg with amlodipine (p = NS/p = NS). Both drugs resulted in similar BP responder rates (diastolic BP <90 mm Hg in 87% of patients who received nisoldipine-ER and 78% of patients on amlodipine, p = NS) and anti-ischemic responder rates (increasing exercise time >20% in 20% and 27%, respectively [p = NS], and increasing exercise time >60 seconds in 32% and 29% of patients, respectively [p = NS]. Also, after 6 weeks of active therapy, there was a similar mean increase in total exercise duration (23 seconds in the nisoldipine-ER group and 21 seconds in the amlodipine group, p = NS). Neither drug increased heart rate and both decreased frequency of anginal episodes. Adverse events were infrequent, and typically were vasodilator-related effects (including headache and peripheral edema) that occurred with somewhat higher incidence in the nisoldipine-ER group. Thus, nisoldipine-ER and amlodipine provided comparable antihypertensive and anti-ischemic efficacy, and both were generally well tolerated.