Comparative metabolomics reveals how the severity of predation by the invasive insect Cydalima perspectalis modulates the metabolism re-orchestration of native Buxus sempervirens.

The recent biological invasion of box tree moth Cydalima perspectalis on Buxus trees has a major impact on European boxwood stands through severe defoliation. This can hinder further regrowth and threaten survival of populations. In a mesocosm approach and controlled larval density over a 2-month period, responses of B. sempervirens essential and specialized metabolites were characterized using metabolomics, combining 1H-NMR and LC-MS/MS approaches. This is the first metabolome depiction of major Buxus responses to boxwood moth invasion. Under severe predation, remaining green leaves accumulate free amino acids (with the noticeable exception of proline). The leaf trans-4-hydroxystachydrine and stachydrine reached 10-13% and 2-3% (DW), while root content was lower but also modulated by predation level. Larval predation promoted triterpenoid and (steroidal) alkaloid synthesis and diversification, while flavonoids did not seem to have a relevant role in Buxus resistance. Our results reveal the concomitant responses of central and specialized metabolism, in relation to severity of predation. They also confirm the potential of metabolic profiling using 1H-NMR and LC-MS to detect re-orchestration of metabolism of native boxwood after severe herbivorous predation by the invasive box-tree moth, and thus their relevance for plant-insect relationships and ecometabolomics.

Comparative assessment of the acute toxicity of commercial bio-based polymer leachates on marine plankton.

Conventional plastics have become a major environmental concern due to their persistence and accumulation in marine ecosystems. The development of potential degradable polymers (PBP), such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polylactic acid (PLA), has gained attention as an alternative to mitigate plastic pollution, since they have the potential to biodegrade under certain conditions, and their production is increasing as replacement of conventional polyolefins. This study aimed to assess and compare the toxicity of leachates of pre-compounding PBP (PLA and the PHA, polyhydroxybutyrate-covalerate (PHBv)) and polypropylene (PP) on five marine planktonic species. A battery of standard bioassays using bacteria, microalgae, sea urchin embryos, mussel embryos and copepod nauplii was conducted to assess the toxicity of leachates from those polymers. Additionally, the presence of chemical additives in the leachates was also verified through GC-MS and LC-HRMS analysis. Results showed that PHBv leachates exhibited higher toxicity compared to other polymers, with the microalgae Rhodomonas salina, being the most sensitive species to the tested leachates. On the other hand, PP and PLA generally displayed minimal to no toxicity in the studied species. Estimated species sensitivity distribution curves (SSD) show that PHBv leachates can be 10 times more hazardous to marine plankton than PP or PLA leachates, as demonstrated by the calculated Hazardous Concentration for 5 % of species (HC5). Qualitative chemical analysis supports the toxicological results, with 80 % of compounds being identified in PHBv leachates of which 2,4,6-trichlorophenol is worth mentioning due to the deleterious effects to aquatic biota described in literature. These findings underscore the fact that whereas environmental persistence can be targeted using PBP, the issue of chemical safety remains unsolved by some alternatives, such as PHBv. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of the toxicity profiles of PBP materials through a priori toxicological risk assessment is vital for their responsible application as alternatives to conventional plastics.

Comparative external workload analysis based on the new functional classification in cerebral palsy football 7-a-side. A full-season study.

The evolution of functional classification (FT) is important for promoting competitive balance. Technological advances allow the objective monitoring of competitive demands that is required to manage and individualize workloads. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize external workload in all matches from the 2018/2019 season of the CPF7 Spanish National League and to compare demands based on the new FT (FT1, FT2 yFT3) in time-motion (locomotion and speed changes) and accelerometer-based workload (impacts). Statistical analysis was composed of one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc and omega partial squared effect size. Differences were found among all FT in total distance, running, high-intensity, sprinting, very high accelerations and decelerations (FT3> FT2> FT1; p < .01; ωp2= 0.29-to-0.43); and with respect to the highest functional limitation (FT3 = FT2> FT1) in maximum sprinting, moderate-high accelerations and decelerations, total impacts and at very-low intensity (ωp2= 0.13-to-0.29). In conclusion, FT3 players presented a physical advantage with respect to FT2-FT1 players in competition, especially in high-intensity actions that are crucial in team-sports performance. The present results facilitate designing specific training workloads according to FT, players' disability and competition demands, being the first approach to characterize match demands with inertial devices based on the new FT.

18F-FDG-PET/CT in SARS-CoV-2 infection and its sequelae.

In recent months, much of the scientific efforts have focused on research on SARSCoV-2 infection and its consequences in humans. Still, many aspects remain unknown. It is known that the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 is multifactorial and that its extension goes beyond lung inflammation and the acute phase, with the appearance of numerous complications and sequelae. To date, knowledge about the usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in the acute phase has been limited to the incidental detection of SARS-CoV-2 unsuspected pneumonia. Recent studies have been appearing collecting the findings of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in long COVID-19 or persistent COVID-19 state as well as the alterations caused after mass vaccination of the population in the metabolic studies. This work aims to review the existing literature focusing on these three issues and to briefly present our own preliminary experience.

[18F-FDG-PET/CT in SARS-CoV-2 infection and its sequelae]. / 18F-FDG-PET/TC ante la infección por SARS-CoV-2 y sus secuelas.

In recent months, much of the scientific efforts have focused on research on SARSCoV-2 infection and its consequences in humans. Still, many aspects remain unknown. It is known that the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 is multifactorial and that its extension goes beyond lung inflammation and the acute phase, with the appearance of numerous complications and sequelae. To date, knowledge about the usefulness of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in the acute phase has been limited to the incidental detection of SARS-CoV-2 unsuspected pneumonia. Recent studies have been appearing collecting the findings of 18F-FDG- PET/CT in long COVID-19 or persistent COVID-19 state as well as the alterations caused after mass vaccination of the population in the metabolic studies. This work aims to review the existing literature focusing on these three issues and to briefly present our own preliminary experience.

Ingestion and contact with polyethylene microplastics does not cause acute toxicity on marine zooplankton.

Toxicity of polyethylene microplastics (PE-MP) of size ranges similar to their natural food to zooplanktonic organisms representative of the main taxa present in marine plankton, including rotifers, copepods, bivalves, echinoderms and fish, was evaluated. Early life stages (ELS) were prioritized as testing models in order to maximize sensitivity. Treatments included particles spiked with benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a hydrophobic organic chemical used in cosmetics with direct input in coastal areas. Despite documented ingestion of both virgin and BP-3 spiked microplastics no acute toxicity was found at loads orders of magnitude above environmentally relevant concentrations on any of the invertebrate models. In fish tests some effects, including premature or reduced hatching, were observed after 12 d exposure at 10 mg L-1 of BP-3 spiked PE-MP. The results obtained do not support environmentally relevant risk of microplastics on marine zooplankton. Similar approaches testing more hydrophobic chemicals with higher acute toxicity are needed before these conclusions could be extended to other organic pollutants common in marine ecosystems. Therefore, the replacement of these polymers in consumer products must be carefully considered.

Discoloration of wastewater from a paint industry by the microalgae Chlorella sp / Decoloración de aguas residuales de una industria de pinturas por la microalga Chlorella sp

ABSTRACT Objective. Decoloring wastewater from a paint factory making use ofChlorella sp., microalgae as a biological way of treatment. Materials and methods. Samples of this microalgae previously cultivated with nourishing fertilizer under photoperiods of light and darkness were taken to test the microalgae Chlorella sp., initial concentration effect in the bioremoval process. For this purpose, it was cultivated in 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 units of absorbance in bioreactors with 200 mL wastewater with and without nutrients. The biotest with the best rate of colour removal was chosen and the DBO5 and DQO were marked out. The immobilized Chlorella sp., in kappa carrageenan was also tested. Results. In the tests colour decrease percentage were 81.7, 69.7 and 58.3% without nutrients in the initial concentrations of 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 units of absorbance respectively and 72.6, 69.0 and 86.8% for 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 units of absorbance with nutrients respectively in the day of maximum growth. The immobilized microalgae score were 72.60% and 78.36% of color removal for 0.4 and 1.6 units of absorbance respectively. The higher colour removal test score was that with nutrients at 0.30 units of absorbance with several changes in DBO5 and DQO values. Conclusion. The biological wastewater treatment making use of Chlorella sp., microalgae can be considered as an effective choice in decolorating wastewater.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Decolorar aguas residuales obtenidas de una empresa de pinturas, empleando la microalga Chlorella sp., como medio biológico de tratamiento. Materiales y métodos. Muestras de la microalga previamente cultivada con fertilizante como nutriente y fotoperiodos de luz y oscuridad, se tomaron para evaluar el efecto de la concentración inicial de la microalga Chlorella sp., en el proceso de bioremoción. Para tal fin, esta se cultivó a 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia en biorreactores con 200 mL de aguas residuales en presencia y ausencia de nutrientes. Se seleccionó el bioensayo con mejores porcentajes de remoción del color y se le determinó el DBO5 y DQO. Chlorella sp., inmovilizada en kappa carragenina también se estudió. Resultados. Los porcentajes de reducción de color de los bioensayos en ausencia de nutrientes fueron de 81.7, 69.7 y 58.3% para las concentraciones iniciales de 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente y en presencia de nutrientes fueron 72.6, 69.0 y 86.8% para 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente, en el día de máximo crecimiento. Los resultados de la microalga inmovilizada fueron de 72.60% y 78.36% de remoción del color para 0.4 y 1.6 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente. El bioensayo con mayor rendimiento de remoción fue el realizado en presencia de nutrientes a 0.30 unidades de absorbancia con cambios importantes en los valores de DBO5 y DQO. Conclusión. El tratamiento biológico de aguas empleando la microalga Chlorella sp., puede considerarse una alternativa eficaz en la decoloración de aguas residuales.

A D3h-symmetry hexaazatriphenylene-tris-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and its coordination to iridium and gold: preliminary catalytic studies.

A new D3h-symmetry tris-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand has been prepared and coordinated to iridium and gold. The ligand contains an electron-poor hexaazatriphenylene core; thus, the resulting tris-NHC ligand is a poor electron donor. The tris-Au(i) complex was tested in the hydroamination of terminal alkynes and in the three-component Strecker reaction.

CSV-ARG, Estudio multi-céntrico de validación de una escala de detección temprana de deterioro en pacientes internados / CSV-ARG, multicenter study of validation of an early detection scale of deterioration in hospitalized patients

Introducción: La detección precoz de un paciente con riesgo de deterioro, y la intervención temprana por un equipo de salud competente en el manejo de la vía aérea ha demostrado reducir la mortalidad intrahospitalaria. El NEWS (National Early Warning Score, Reino Unido) clasifica a los pacientes según su probabilidad de deterioro dentro de las siguientes doce horas; en baja (0-1), moderada (2-4) y alta posibilidad de deterioro (5-13), a partir de cuatro signos vitales: frecuencias cardíaca y respiratoria, temperatura y presión arterial sistólica sumados a la saturación de oxígeno y el estado de conciencia. Fue generada a partir de una gran base de datos de signos vitales obtenidos de manera electrónica en pacientes internados en Inglaterra. En las instituciones de nuestro país, los signos vitales son tomados manualmente y hay una percepción generalizada de que estos o "están mal tomados" o no se los ubica dentro del centro de la toma de decisiones. Objetivos: El objetivo de este estudio fue, a partir de signos vitales tal como se toman en nuestro medio, realizar una validación de la capacidad de discriminación de la escala NEWS de eventos severos durante la internación. Diseño, materiales y métodos: Ocho instituciones de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y del área metropolitana participaron recolectando de manera consecutiva los seis parámetros vitales que componen la escala NEWS en los pacientes internados, tal como se toman en las salas de internación, además de datos demográficos, presencia de comorbilidades, eventos de gravedad durante la internación como sepsis, trombo embolismo de pulmón, shock hipovolémico, distrés respiratorio, insuficiencia respiratoria, trastorno de la conciencia y muerte sin evento previo. Los datos se ingresaron a una base de datos virtual calculándose el puntaje de la escala NEWS. Se analiza en este primer trabajo las características de la población con medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión estándares según la distribución de los valores. Mediante regresión logística se analizó la capacidad del primer NEWS al ingreso de predecir un evento independientemente de la edad, el sexo y la presencia de comorbilidades. Resultados: Entre el 1 de enero de 2015 hasta el 31 de julio ingresaron en el estudio 1705 pacientes de nueve Instituciones del área metropolitana, 869 eran mujeres (51%), rango de edad 18 a 100. Un 10% de los pacientes presentó algún evento grave, y la mortalidad global fue de 3,5%. El 90% de los pacientes fue clasificado al ingreso como NEWS de bajo grado de deterioro (0-4), el 5% riesgo moderado (5-6) y el 5% de riesgo alto (mayor a 7). El valor de NEWS, al ingreso de la internación y tal como se toman los signos vitales en nuestro medio, predice el riesgo de presentar un evento severo durante la internación, independientemente de la edad, sexo y la presencia de comorbilidades. Discusión: En este estudio pudimos demostrar que los signos vitales, tomados de manera manual calculando la escala NEWS, es un excelente predictor de la ocurrencia de eventos durante la internación. En próximos análisis evaluaremos la capacidad de discriminación y la capacidad de predecir eventos entre 12 y 24 horas posteriores a la toma. (AU)

Background: Early warning scores at hospital settings have shown to reduce hospital mortality. The NEWS (National Early Warning Score, UK), classifies patients as per their risk to deteriorate in three categories, low risk (0-2), moderate risk (3-4) and high risk (5-13). The scale uses four vital signs, heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature and systolic arterial pressure, plus oxygen saturation and conscious state. It was developed and validated using a large database of electronic captured vital signs in England. In Argentina, most of the vital signs are taken manually. (AU)

Mono and dimetallic pyrene-imidazolylidene complexes of iridium(iii) for the deuteration of organic substrates and the C-C coupling of alcohols.

Three different Ir(iii) complexes with pyrene-containing N-heterocyclic carbenes have been prepared and characterized. Two complexes contain a monodentate pyrene-imidazolylidene ligand, and have the formulae [IrCp*Cl2(pyrene-NHC)] and [IrCp*(CO3)(pyrene-NHC)]. The third complex is a dimetallic complex with a pyrene-di-imidazolylidene bridging ligand, with the formula [{IrCp*(CO3)}2(µ-pyrene-di-NHC)]. The catalytic activity of the three complexes was tested in the H/D exchange of organic substrates, and in the ß-alkylation of 1-phenylethanol with primary alcohols. In the deuteration of organic substrates, the carbonate complexes are active even in the absence of additives. The dimetallic complex is the most active one in the catalytic coupling of alcohols, a result that may be interpreted as a consequence of the cooperativity between the two metal centres.

Anemia Increases Mortality After Open or Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Critical Limb Ischemia: A Retrospective Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Pre-operative anemia has been associated with increased post-operative morbidity and mortality in elective cardiac surgery, but its association with post-operative mortality after open or endovascular surgery for critical limb ischemia (CLI) is not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between pre-operative anemia and mortality in surgery for CLI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 403 consecutive patients (mean age = 73; 73% male) undergoing open (n = 191, 47%) or endovascular (n = 212, 53%) surgery for CLI between 2005 and 2013 was performed. Neither redo revascularization procedures (ipsilateral or contralateral) nor acute limb ischemia patients were included as new cases. RESULTS: The best cut off (receiver operating characteristic curve) that related pre-operative hemoglobin to mortality was 10 g/dL. The immediate (in hospital or < 30 days) mortality rate was 8% (32 patients), with no significant differences between open and endovascular surgery. Patients with a pre-operative hemoglobin <10 g/dl had a higher immediate mortality rate (17.7% vs. 5.1%), with a risk (OR), adjusted by age and prior myocardial infarction, of 3.9, 95% CI 1.8-8.4 (p = 0.001). The mean follow up of the cohort was 30 months (97% complete). Similarly, a pre-operative hemoglobin <10 g/dL was significantly associated with a lower 1 year (55 vs. 83%) and 5 year survival rate (21 vs. 53%) with an associated risk (HR) of 2.5, 95% CI 1.8-3.4 (p < 0.001) adjusted by age, previous myocardial infarction, chronic renal failure, stroke, diabetes mellitus, and ischemic ulcers. CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative anemia is a risk factor for immediate and late mortality among patients with CLI, regardless of other risk factors and the type of revascularization technique. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the potential effect of its treatment on survival outcomes.

Periodic emission of droplets from an oscillating electrified meniscus of a low-viscosity, highly conductive liquid.

The generation of identical droplets of controllable size in the micrometer range is a problem of much interest owing to the numerous technological applications of such droplets. This work reports an investigation of the regime of periodic emission of droplets from an electrified oscillating meniscus of a liquid of low viscosity and high electrical conductivity attached to the end of a capillary tube, which may be used to produce droplets more than ten times smaller than the diameter of the tube. To attain this periodic microdripping regime, termed axial spray mode II by Juraschek and Röllgen [R. Juraschek and F. W. Röllgen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 177, 1 (1998)], liquid is continuously supplied through the tube at a given constant flow rate, while a dc voltage is applied between the tube and a nearby counter electrode. The resulting electric field induces a stress at the surface of the liquid that stretches the meniscus until, in certain ranges of voltage and flow rate, it develops a ligament that eventually detaches, forming a single droplet, in a process that repeats itself periodically. While it is being stretched, the ligament develops a conical tip that emits ultrafine droplets, but the total mass emitted is practically contained in the main droplet. In the parametrical domain studied, we find that the process depends on two main dimensionless parameters, the flow rate nondimensionalized with the diameter of the tube and the capillary time, q, and the electric Bond number B(E), which is a nondimensional measure of the square of the applied voltage. The meniscus oscillation frequency made nondimensional with the capillary time, f, is of order unity for very small flow rates and tends to decrease as the inverse of the square root of q for larger values of this parameter. The product of the meniscus mean volume times the oscillation frequency is nearly constant. The characteristic length and width of the liquid ligament immediately before its detachment approximately scale as powers of the flow rate and depend only weakly on the applied voltage. The diameter of the main droplets nondimensionalized with the diameter of the tube satisfies d(d)≈(6/π)(1/3)(q/f)(1/3), from mass conservation, while the electric charge of these droplets is about 1/4 of the Rayleigh charge. At the minimum flow rate compatible with the periodic regimen, the dimensionless diameter of the droplets is smaller than one-tenth, which presents a way to use electrohydrodynamic atomization to generate droplets of highly conducting liquids in the micron-size range, in marked contrast with the cone-jet electrospray whose typical droplet size is in the nanometric regime for these liquids. In contrast with other microdripping regimes where the mass is emitted upon the periodic formation of a narrow capillary jet, the present regime gives one single droplet per oscillation, except for the almost massless fine aerosol emitted in the form of an electrospray.

Microbes on the cliff: alpine cushion plants structure bacterial and fungal communities.

Plants affect the spatial distribution of soil microorganisms, but the influence of the local abiotic context is poorly documented. We investigated the effect of a single plant species, the cushion plant Silene acaulis, on habitat conditions, and microbial community. We collected soil from inside (In) and outside (Out) of the cushions on calcareous and siliceous cliffs in the French Alps along an elevation gradient (2,000-3,000 masl). The composition of the microbial communities was assessed by Capillary-Electrophoresis Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (CE-SSCP). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to characterize the response of the microbial beta-diversity to soil parameters (total C, total N, soil water content, [Formula: see text], and pH). Cushions affected the microbial communities, modifying soil properties. The fungal and bacterial communities did not respond to the same abiotic factors. Outside the cushions, the bacterial communities were strongly influenced by bedrock. Inside the cushions, the bacterial communities from both types of bedrock were highly similar, due to the smaller pH differences than in open areas. By contrast, the fungal communities were equally variable inside and outside of the cushions. Outside the cushions, the fungal communities responded weakly to soil pH. Inside the cushions, the fungal communities varied strongly with bedrock and elevation as well as increases in soil nutrients and water content. Furthermore, the dissimilarities in the microbial communities between the In and Out habitats increased with increasing habitat modification and environmental stress. Our results indicate that cushions act as a selective force that counteracts the influence of the bedrock and the resource limitations on the bacterial and fungal communities by buffering soil pH and enhancing soil nutrients. Cushion plants structure microbial communities, and this effect increases in stressful, acidic and nutrient-limited environments.

Directed transport induced by α-stable Lévy noises in weakly asymmetric periodic potentials.

We study the motion of a particle in spatially periodic potentials with broken mirror symmetry under the influence of white α-stable Lévy noises. We consider both time-independent and fluctuating potentials. We focus on cases in which the spatial asymmetry of the potential is due not to a difference between the distances from an absolute minimum to the absolute maximum on its left and to the absolute maximum on its right but only to the curvatures of the potential profiles. The analysis is performed using the fractional Fokker-Planck formalism. Consistent results from Langevin simulations are also presented. We analyze the influence of the symmetry properties of the potentials in combination with the fluctuating characteristics of the system in the determination of the current. We find different situations in which both the absolute value and the direction of the current depend not only on the properties of the potential but also on the parameters characterizing the α-stable Lévy noise. Among other features, we analyze the case of supersymmetric potentials. In particular, we show that a static supersymmetric potential produces no current, and we analyze the conditions for observing a nonvanishing current when the potential fluctuates between different supersymmetric profiles.

Tercer reporte de eventos adversos con tratamientos biológicos en Argentina. Informe de registro biobadasar / Thrid report of adverse events with biologics in Argentina. Report from biobadasar registry

Introducción: BIOBADASAR (Registro Argentino de Eventos Adversos con Tratamientos Biológicos en Reumatología) comenzó en agosto de 2010. La importancia de este registro es mostrar datos locales que, probablemente, puedan diferir de otros registros. El objetivo es comunicar los resultados del tercer reporte de BIOBADASAR. Métodos: Todos los pacientes con enfermedades reumáticas que requirieron tratamiento con agentes biológicos y pacientes controles sin estos tratamientos fueron incluidos en la base de datos provenientes de 32 centros participando a lo largo de la Argentina. Tres áreas de datos son analizados: características de los pacientes, tratamientos y eventos adversos...

Introduction: BIOBADASAR (Argentine Registry of Adverse Events with Biological Treatments in Rheumatology) began in August 2010. The importance of this registry is to show local data that may probably differ from other registries. The objective is to communicate the results of the third BIOBADASAR report. Methods: All patients with rheumatic diseases who required treatment with biological agents and control patients without these treatments were included in the database from 32 participating centers throughout Argentina. Three areas of data are analyzed: patient characteristics, treatments and adverse events...

Multiple Schrödinger pictures and dynamics in shortcuts to adiabaticity.

A Schrödinger equation may be unitarily transformed into dynamical equations in different interaction pictures which describe a common physical process, i.e., the same underlying interactions and dynamics. In contrast to this standard scenario, other relations are also possible, such as a common interaction-picture dynamical equation corresponding to several Schrödinger equations that represent different physical processes. This may enable us to design alternative and feasible experimental routes for operations that are a priori difficult or impossible to perform. The power of this concept is exemplified by engineering Hamiltonians that improve the performance or make realizable several shortcuts to adiabaticity.

Thrombelastography in horses with acute gastrointestinal disease.

BACKGROUND: Coagulopathies in horses with gastrointestinal disease are frequently identified and associated with morbidity and fatality. OBJECTIVE: Determine if thrombelastography (TEG) identifies abnormalities associated with lesion type, presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), morbidity, and fatality more consistently than traditional coagulation testing. ANIMALS: One-hundred and one horses examined for gastrointestinal disease and 20 healthy horses. METHODS: TEG, tissue factor (TF)-TEG, and traditional coagulation panels parameters and percentages of horses with coagulopathies were compared for lesion type, presence of SIRS, complications, and survival. RESULTS: Changes in individual parameters and increased incidence of coagulopathies were associated with fatality (R, P= .007; k-value [K], P= .004; clot lysis [CL]30, P= .037; CL60, P= .050; angle [Ang], P= .0003; maximum amplitude [MA], P= .006; lysis [Ly]30, P= .042; Ly60, P= .027; CI, P= .0004; ≥ 2 TEG coagulopathies, P= .013; ≥ 3 TEG coagulopathies, P= .038; TF-R, P= .037; TF-K, P= .004; TF-CL30, P < .0001; TF-CL60, P < .0001; TF-Ang, P= .005; TF-Ly30, P= .0002; TF-Ly60, P < .0001; TF-CI, P= .043; ≥ 1 TF-TEG coagulopathies, P= .003; ≥ 2 TF-TEG coagulopathies, P= .0004; prothrombin tme [PT], P < .0001; activated partial throboplastin time [aPTT], P= .021), inflammatory lesions (MA, P= .013; TF-CL30, P= .033; TF-CL60, P= .010; TF-Ly60, P= .011; ≥ 1 TF-TEG coagulopathy, P= .036; ≥ 2 TF-TEG coagulopathy, P= .0007; PT, P= .0005; fibrinogen, P= .019), SIRS (MA, P= .004; TF-CL30, P= .019; TF-CL60, P= .013; TF-Ly30, P= .020; TF-Ly60, P= .010; PT, P < .0001; aPTT, P= .032; disseminated intravascular coagulation, P= .005), and complications (ileus: aPTT, P= .020; diarrhea: TF-CL30, P= .040; TF-Ly30, P= .041; thrombophlebitis: ≥ 1 TF-TEG coagulopathy, P= .018; laminitis: MA, P= .004; CL60, P= .045; CI, P= .036; TF-MA, P= .019; TF-TEG CI, P= .019). Abnormalities in TEG and TF-TEG parameters were indicative of hypocoagulation and hypofibrinolysis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: TEG identifies changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis associated with lesion type, SIRS, morbidity, and fatality in horses with gastrointestinal disease.

Percepción de usuarios del programa de recuperación del niño en riesgo nutricional nutrir más del área urbana de la ciudad de Santa Fe, Argentina / Users' perception of the recovery program of the child in nutritional risk

The present study corresponds to a quali-quantitative research, which inquired into user's perception of the Recovery Program of the Child in Nutritional Risk Nutrir Más, in Santa Fe city urban area in the last trimester of 2007. Specifically, it aimed at identifying the perceptions related to the program's components: training workshops, health controls and alimentary assistance through tickets; program's positive and negative aspects; usefulness of knowledge gained in the upbringing daily tasks; and the relationship between beneficiaries and program's leaders in the workplace and the health staff. About 50 percent of the beneficiaries who had been in the program for more than a year, participated in a survey through a semi-structured interview. In general, the users reported a high level of satisfaction towards the activities proposed by the program and highlighted its importance for educational actions, the improvement of their knowledge and alimentary practices towards their underweight children, the diversification of daily feeding and the reinforcement of the emotional bond between mother and child. This research recognizes the importance of perception studies because they allow to improve the program's management and to be aware of the user's satisfaction, as well.

El presente estudio corresponde a una investigación cuali-cuantitativa que indagó la percepción de los usuarios del Programa de Recuperación del Niño en Riesgo Nutricional "NUTRIR MAS" del área urbana de la ciudad de Santa Fe en el último trimestre del 2007. Se buscó identificar las percepciones vinculadas a los componentes del programa: actividades educativas, controles de salud y prestación alimentaria a través de tickets; con el propósito de identificar aspectos positivos y negativos del mismo, la utilidad de los conocimientos impartidos y la relación entre los usuarios y los referentes del programa en terreno y el equipo de salud. Se realizó una encuesta semiestructurada al 50 por ciento de los usuarios de la ciudad de Santa Fe que tenían una permanencia en el programa mayor a un año. El 99 por ciento de los encuestados reportó un alto nivel de satisfacción hacia las actividades propuestas por el programa y destacaron su valor por las acciones educativas, el mejoramiento de sus conocimientos y prácticas alimentarias, la diversificación de la alimentación cotidiana y el fortalecimiento del vínculo madre-hijo. Esta investigación reconoce la importancia de los estudios de percepción porque permite mejorar la gestión del programa adaptando las estrategias de intervención a la población destinataria.

Stability of floral specialization in Trollius europaeus in contrasting ecological environments.

Specialization of some plants on seed-eating pollinators is intriguing, especially when co-pollinators exclusively feeding on nectar are also present. We examined the stability of the morphological specialization of Trollius europaeus (L.) globeflowers with respect to Chiastocheta (Pokorny) flies by artificially opening the flowers. In the montane and subalpine environments studied, other visitors contributed 2% and 28% of all the visits, respectively, and visited open flowers nearly eight times more often than closed flowers, but in both environments their contribution to pollination did not compensate for Chiastocheta aversion against open phenotypes. Net seed set (female success) was slightly higher (+4%) and pollen export (male success) was much higher (+85%) for closed than open flowers. Selection in favour of the closed phenotype was even more intense in patches where open phenotypes were most common, precluding the evolution of open flowers in the study populations.

[Uterovesical perforation secondary to intrauterine device with vesical lithiasis formation: a report of two cases]. / Perforación útero-vesical secundaria a un dispositivo intrauterino con formación de litiasis vesical: a propósito de dos casos.

Uterovesical perforation is an uncommon complication in patients with intrauterine devices (IUD). When this complication occurs, intravesical lithiasis is often associated. We present two cases of uterovesical perforation with a description of the radiological findings and a review of the literature.