CD98 heavy chain protein is overexpressed in non-small cell lung cancer and is a potential target for CAR T-cell therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are effective against hematological cancers, but are less effective against solid tumors such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). One of the reasons is that only a few cell surface targets specific for NSCLC cells have been identified. Here, we report that CD98 heavy chain (hc) protein is overexpressed on the surface of NSCLC cells and is a potential target for CAR T cells against NSCLC. Screening of over 10,000 mAb clones raised against NSCLC cell lines showed that mAb H2A011 bound to NSCLC cells but not normal lung epithelial cells. H2A011 recognized CD98hc. Although CAR T cells derived from H2A011 could not be established presumably due to the high level of H2A011 reactivity in activated T cells, those derived from the anti-CD98hc mAb R8H283, which had been shown to lack reactivity with CD98hc glycoforms expressed on normal hematopoietic cells and some normal tissues, were successfully developed. R8H283 specifically reacted with NSCLC cells in six of 15 patients. R8H283-derived CAR T cells exerted significant anti-tumor effects in a xenograft NSCLC model in vivo. These results suggest that R8H283 CAR T cells may become a new therapeutic tool for NSCLC, although careful testing for off-tumor reactivity should be performed in the future.

[Questionnaire Survey on Oral Care and Oral Troubles for Patients with Gastric Cancer Received Chemotherapy].

BACKGROUND: The actual situation of oral care and oral troubles for patients with gastric cancer received chemotherapy is not clear. METHODS: Questionnaire survey in the form of oral questions was performed for patients with gastric cancer who received chemotherapy from December 2021 to February 2022. The relevance between the survey results and background factors was examined using the χ2 test. RESULTS: We performed the questionnaire survey for 36 patients. Of the 36 patients, 29 patients received dental check-up before starting chemotherapy. Fourteen of the 29 patients(48%)continued the dental check-up. Of 14 patients who continued the dental check-up, 9 patients were 65 years or older, while 14 of 15 patients who discontinued the dental check-up were 65 years or older. Continuity of dental check-up was low among the elderly patients. The rate of dysgeusia were 78 vs 30% in the patients who adopted and who did not adopt oral care other than toothbrushing(p=0.01). The frequency of oral troubles was dysgeusia(47%), stomatitis(42%), and dry mouth(36%). The severity of the oral troubles was, in order, dysgeusia, dry mouth, and pain. The most common side effect due to chemotherapy causing decreased food intake was dysgeusia. CONCLUSIONS: Dysgeusia was the most frequent and severe oral trouble.

[Regimen Selection by Narrative Approach in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer-Paclitaxel or Nab-Paclitaxel?]

BACKGROUND: According to the sixth Gastric Cancer Treatment Guideline, the regimen included nab-paclitaxel(nab-PTX) is a conditional recommendation as second-line treatment for advanced gastric cancer. However, the selection criteria of nab-PTX is not clear. METHOD: Questionnaire survey as narrative approach on the problems of paclitaxel premedication, the symptoms due to paclitaxel containing alcohol, and infusion time was conducted for patients who had been treated with paclitaxel. RESULTS: Thirty-six patients answered the questionnaire. Nonelderly patients(<65 years)or patients without comorbid medications complained of dissatisfaction with the inconvenience due to premedication significantly more than elderly patients(≥65 years)or patients with comorbid medications. Females or nonelderly patients were significantly more troubled by sleepiness due to premedication than males or elderly patients. Eight out of 11 patients who had visited hospital by driving a car for first-line treatment were troubled by prohibition of driving on the day of treatment. Thirty out of 36 patients answered that they would feel benefits from 30-minutes shortening of infusion time. CONCLUSION: Questionnaire survey suggests that we may select the patients for nab-PTX properly by clarifying the inconvenience of daily life associated with premedication, the way of transportation for visiting hospital, and the benefits by shortening of infusion time.

[A Case of 30s Female with Advanced Anal Canal Adenocarcinoma Managed with Adolescent-And-Young-Adult Team].

A 30s female complaining of anal pain and melena was referred to our hospital. The support by adolescent-and-young- adult(AYA)team was initiated after the first encounter. Colonoscopic examination revealed an ulcerated tumor on the anterior wall of anal canal with its anal margin on anal verge and the tumor was diagnosed as an adenocarcinoma. Contrast- enhanced CT and MRI revealed adjacency of tumor and vagina, enlarged lymph nodes and multiple pulmonary nodules. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)-positron emission tomography(PET)additionally revealed tracer accumulation in left sciatica, which led us to the diagnosis of advanced anal cancer. We planned and safely performed concomitant partial vaginal resection in robot-assisted laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection for the palliative purpose after discussion on physical and psychosocial issues including stoma and fertility with the patient, her family and AYA members. The pathological diagnosis was pT4b(vagina)N1aM1b, pStage ⅣB, and the local margin was pathologically negative. The postoperative course was smooth and she was discharged on postoperative day 16. Fifty one days after operation, she started systemic chemotherapy after decision on not to take ovarian samples and continues systemic chemotherapy as of writing. Support by AYA team was effective to facilitate the patient's decision-making and the communication between the patient and the medical team.

[A Case of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Which Was Diagnosed during the Best Supportive Care of Recurrent Ascending Colon Cancer].

A 70s male, who had undergone single-incision laparoscopic ileocecal resection for ascending colon cancer with pathological diagnosis of T3N3M0, Stage Ⅲc(without adjuvant chemotherapy), had enhanced-computed tomography(CT)for 3-month follow-up and a hepatic low-density area, an newly emergent nodule behind inferior vena cava and distal ileal tumor were found. Three months later, enhanced CT showed that the distal ileal tumor got exponentially larger and the diagnosis of"malignant lymphoma"was suspected. The patient became sepsis, so we planned and safely performed partial resection of the tumor. The pathological diagnosis was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Postoperative course was smooth except for the Clostridium difficile colitis and he was discharged on postoperative day 19. Although the regrowth of the remnant tumor was observed soon after surgery, partial response was confirmed after introduction of systemic chemotherapy. When we cope with malignant lymphoma of small intestine, we need to keep it in mind that surgery is an option for the prevention of perforation and bacterial translocation.

[A Case of Fibromatosis-Like Tumor Which Was Difficult to Differentiate from Local Recurrence of Ascending Colon Cancer].

A 60s female, who had undergone single-incision laparoscopic ileocecal resection for ascending colon cancer with pathological diagnosis of T3N1bM0, Stage Ⅲb, followed by adjuvant therapy with 8 courses CAPOX 2 years ago, had enhanced- computed tomography(CT)for follow-up and a 15-mm nodule near anastomotic site was found. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography(PET)CT revealed abnormal accumulation of 18F-FDG only to the lesion and diagnosis of"anastomotic recurrence"was made. We planned and safely performed resection of the anastomotic site and the nodule. The pathological diagnosis was fibromatosis-like tumor without evidence of recurrence, and margin was negative. Postoperative course was smooth and she was discharged on postoperative day 9. When we diagnose local recurrence, we need to keep it in mind that fibromatosis is one of the differential diagnoses, although its incidence rate is low.

Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery with a fluorescent near-infrared ray ureteral catheter for a rectal cancer patient with pelvic kidney: A case report.

An 85-year-old woman presented with a stomachache after a meal and was admitted to the previous clinic. Multi-detector computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen showed wall thickening in the rectum and right ectopic pelvic kidney. Colonoscopy revealed a mass at the rectum, and a biopsy showed adenocarcinoma. CT showed no lymphadenopathy or distant metastasis. Hartmann's procedure with fluorescent near-infrared ray ureteral catheters was used to avoid causing urinary injury. Robotic surgery was performed while checking the route of the ureter in near-infrared mode. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 14 without specific complications. This case appears to be the first of robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery for a rectal cancer patient with pelvic kidney.

Higher Body Mass Index Is a Simple Favorable Non-cancer Prognostic Marker for Japanese Elderly Colorectal Cancer Patients after Curative Resection.

Objectives: In elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, preoperative surgical indications can be controversial in some cases depending on the patient's physical condition. In comparison with younger patients, both cancer-specific survival (CSS) and non-CCS (NCSS) have an impact on the prognosis and both CSS and NCSS should be considered in the preoperative assessment. We aimed to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on CSS and NCSS in Japanese elderly CRC patients. Methods: We retrospectively collected data from 471 Japanese elderly patients (≥80 years) with stage I-III CRC who underwent curative surgery from 1998 to 2017. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis with propensity score matching (PSM) and a multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed. Results: After PSM, 123 higher BMI (≥23) and 123 lower BMI (<23) cases were matched. The higher BMI group had significantly better survival than the lower BMI group regarding NCSS and overall survival (OS; P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). The multivariate survival analysis further confirmed that the higher BMI group had significantly better survival than the lower BMI group regarding CSS, NCSS, and OS (P = .027, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). Conclusions: In Japanese elderly patients with stage I-III CRC who underwent curative surgery, preoperative higher BMI was a significant and simple favorable prognostic predictor, especially for NCSS and OS.

[A Case of Peritoneal Recurrence from Ascending Colon Cancer Successfully Treated with Laparoscopic Concomitant Right Seminal Vesiculectomy in Low Anterior Resection].

A 60s male, who had laparoscopic ileocecal resection for ascending colon cancer 2 years ago, had enhanced computed tomography(CT)for follow-up and a 12-mm nodule in Douglas' pouch adjacent to right seminal vesicle and rectum was found. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG)-positron emission tomography CT revealed abnormal accumulation of 18F-FDG only to the lesion(standardized uptake value max 2.60)and the diagnosis of peritoneal recurrence of ascending colon cancer was made. We planned and safely performed laparoscopic concomitant right seminal vesiculectomy in low anterior resection. The pathological diagnosis was peritoneal dissemination of colon cancer and the margin was pathologically negative. The postoperative course was smooth except for temporary dysuria and he was discharged on postoperative day 17. As of writing 1 year after surgery, the patient continues to do well with no sign of recurrence. Laparoscopic concomitant seminal vesiculectomy in low anterior resection can be a good option for the curative resection of peritoneal recurrence.

Left paraduodenal hernia treated by single-incision laparoscopic surgery: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Paraduodenal hernia is a rare internal hernia which accounts for only 1% of all intestinal hernias. There have been limited reported cases of paraduodenal hernia treated by laparoscopic surgery. We report a case of left paraduodenal hernia that was successfully treated by single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS). CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old woman presented with left upper abdominal pain. An abdominal enhanced multi-detector computed tomography demonstrated encapsulated cluster of small bowel loops in the left upper quadrant which passed through the dorsal side of the inferior mesenteric vein, and showed that blood flow of the prolapsed small bowel was preserved. We preoperatively diagnosed left paraduodenal hernia without ischemia or necrosis. We performed elective SILS because she was a young actress training school student and cosmetic benefit was thought to be important. We pulled out the protruded small bowel and closed a defect with a running suture by SILS. The patient was discharged 3 days after the surgery with no complications. CONCLUSIONS: We reported the case of left paraduodenal hernia successfully diagnosed and treated by SILS.

Efficacy of pleural coverage with polyglycolic acid sheet after bullectomy for postoperative recurrence of spontaneous pneumothorax in young patients: a multi-institutional cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: Various surgical procedures have been performed to decrease the recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax after video-assisted thoracic surgery. This study aimed to examine the efficiency of pleural coverage for the prevention of postoperative recurrence in relatively young patients. METHODS: Between January 2008 and December 2012, a total of 357 cases of 345 patients (age 15-29 years) with primary spontaneous pneumothorax who underwent bullectomy at 13 institutions were enrolled in this multi-institutional retrospective cohort study. A concurrent bilateral operation was counted as two cases. Polyglycolic acid sheets were used in 238 cases, and oxidized regenerated cellulose sheets were used in 37 cases to cover the visceral pleura, with no pleural coverage in 82 cases. The average observation period was 4.2 ± 2.0 years. RESULTS: Postoperative recurrence was observed in 50 cases (14.0%) after video-assisted thoracic surgery. Twenty-six cases (10.9%) in the polyglycolic acid group, eight (21.6%) in the oxidized regenerated cellulose group, and sixteen (19.5%) in the non-coverage group experienced postoperative recurrence. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the rate of freedom from postoperative recurrence in the polyglycolic acid group was significantly higher than that in the non-coverage group. Multivariate analysis showed that age ≥ 20 years and coverage with polyglycolic acid sheets were associated with reduced risk factors for postoperative recurrence. CONCLUSION: Pleural coverage with a polyglycolic acid sheet is suggested to be effective in preventing postoperative recurrence of pneumothorax compared with non-coverage in relatively young patients.

[A Case of Anastomotic Recurrent Descending Colon Cancer Successfully Treated with Single-Incision Laparoscopic Partial Colectomy with Intracorporeal Anastomosis].

A 60s-year-old male, who had laparoscopic partial colectomy with resection of left colic artery for descending colon cancer 8 years ago and completed 5-year-follow-up without the evidence of recurrence, was diagnosed as anastomotic recurrence of descending colon cancer, and referred to our hospital. We planned and safely performed single-incision laparoscopic colectomy(SILC)with intracorporeal anastomosis(ICA)(operation time of 390 min and estimated blood loss of 60 g). Following the adhesiolysis, the intracorporeal resection of the lesion was performed with automatic stapling device preserving middle colic and inferior mesenteric arteries and veins. Then, after the recovery of the specimen, ICA was performed as follows; after making a small hole just below the staple line at the opposite side of mesenteric attachment, the oral and the anal stump of colon was pulled-up and placed side-by-side with temporary strings and automatic suturing device was inserted into the holes and fired to form a side-to-side anastomosis, then the common stab incision was pulled- up with 3 temporary strings and closed with a stapler. The postoperative course was smooth and discharged on postoperative day 8. The ICA can be a good option for SILC when colonic and vascular tension would be the limiting factor of anastomosis.

[A Case of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer with Multiple Liver Metastases Could Be Resected after Triplet Chemotherapy].

The patient was a 60's man, whose chief complaints were melena and weight loss. He visited our hospital, and further evaluation revealed rectal cancer(Ra)invading the abdominal wall with multiple liver metastases. The clinical diagnosis was cT4b(abdominal wall)N2bM1a(H1), cStage Ⅳ. We performed a transverse colostomy on the day prior to chemotherapy administration. He was administered 8 courses of FOLFOXIRI plus bevacizumab. After the chemotherapy, the primary tumor and liver metastases showed PR, with a diagnosis of ycT3N1bM1a(H1), Stage Ⅳ. We performed a robot-assisted laparoscopic low anterior resection for the primary tumor. Two months later, the partial resection of liver S6 and S8 was performed. The patient has been cancer-free for 6 months now.

Surgical Outcome of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Patients With a History of Gastrectomy.

BACKGROUND: Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been applied to patients with a history of abdominal surgery, we lack data on the surgical outcome of LC in patients with a history of gastrectomy. Here, we assessed the outcomes of LC and investigated predictive factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery in patients with a gastrectomy history. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively compared the surgical outcomes of LC between patients with and without a history of gastrectomy. We performed multivariate regressions to identify independent predictive factors for open conversion during an LC. RESULTS: Among 2235 patients who underwent LCs, 39 (1.7%) had undergone a previous gastrectomy (29 men, 10 women; mean age, 72 y; 34 with distal gastrectomy and 5 with total gastrectomy). The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospital stays, and conversion rate were significantly worse in patients with, compared with those without the history of gastrectomy. Conversion during an LC in the cases with a history of gastrectomy was significantly correlated with age and the type of gastrectomy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that LC in patients with a history of gastrectomy exhibited worse outcomes in terms of operation time, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative hospital stay, and conversion rate than those without it. Furthermore, it was also implied that age and the type of gastrectomy were significant predictive factors for conversion during an LC in patients with a history of gastrectomy.

[A Resected Case of Hemorrhagic Hepatic Cyst Difficult to Differentiate from Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Liver].

CASE: A 77-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for detailed examination of a cystic liver tumor. Contrast-enhanced CT and MRIshowed a cystic liver tumor with an enhanced mural nodule in S6 of the liver. Under a preoperative diagnosis of hemorrhagic hepatic cyst and mucinous cystic neoplasm(MCN)of the liver, extended posterior segmentectomy was performed. Histological examination of the tumor revealed no neoplastic cells, and the tumor was finally diagnosed as a hemorrhagic hepatic cyst of the liver. CONCLUSION: Similar to previous reports of hemorrhagic hepatic cysts, preoperative differential diagnosis from MCN of the liver was difficult in this case. Hemorrhagic hepatic cysts are rare and are sometimes confused with MCN of the liver, especially when an enhanced mural nodule is found in the cyst. The possibility of hemorrhagic hepatic cysts should be considered during diagnosis of liver cystic tumors.

[Long-Term Survival in a Case of Colon Cancer with Peritoneal Dissemination and Ovarian Metastasis after Multimodality Therapy].

A 70-year-old woman underwent treatment for cecal cancer(pT4bN1M0, Stage Ⅲb)in 2010. Four years and 2 months after the first surgery, she underwent ileum resection for stenosis due to perineal dissemination(P3). Two years after this recurrence, during which time she had completed 26 courses of FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab(Bmab), 9 courses of capecitabine plus oxaliplatin(CapeOX)plus Bmab, and 3 courses of Cape, no peritoneal dissemination was detected by computed tomography( CT). Thereafter, an additional 19 courses of Cape plus Bmab were introduced, but CEA continued to increase. Right ovarian metastasis was suspected based on CT and FDG-PET/CT examination. Four years and 1 month after the initial recurrence of perineal dissemination, the patient underwent bilateral ovarian resection, during which the lack of peritoneal dissemination was confirmed. Pathologically, right ovarian metastasis was diagnosed. The patient is still alive 4 years and 6 months after the first operation.

[Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Appearing Nine Years after Resection of a Duodenal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor-A Case Report].

Multiple sporadic gastrointestinal stromal tumor(GIST)are rare, except for those restricted to von Recklinghausen disease or hereditary conditions.We reported a case of a gastric GIST resected 9 years after the resection of a duodenal GIST.The patient was a 58-year-old male who had been followed-up with computed tomography scans after pancreatoduodenectomy for a duodenal GIST when he was 49-years-old.The patient was admitted to our hospital for anemia examination.A CT scan detected a tumor in the stomach, with a diameter of over 10 cm, and necrosis.Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed the presence of a delle on the gastric SMT.Due to suspected invasion of the spleen and left diaphragm by the tumor, we performed subtotal gastrectomy with splenectomy and left diaphragm segmental resection.In the pathological diagnosis, the tumor was diagnosed as a gastric GIST, because the cell type of the tumor was spindle and tested positive for c-kit.Based on the tumor size and mitotic count, the patient was diagnosed with high-risk GIST by the modified-Fletcher classification, and imatinib 400mg/day was administered.There have been no signs of recurrence for 2 years since the operation.

[A Case of Resection of a Metastatic Tumor Combined with the Spleen, Preserving the Remnant Stomach, for Recurrent Gastric Cancer of the Splenic Hilar Region after Distal Gastrectomy].

We describe a case of residual stomach preserving surgery performed under evaluation of residual gastric blood flow with indocyanine green(ICG)fluorography, for gastric cancer with recurrence of splenic lymph node metastasis after distal gastrectomy( DG)in a 65-year-old man. After 4 courses of S-1 plus CDDP(SP)therapy for advanced gastric cancer with ascites, DG, D2 dissection, and Billroth Ⅰ reconstruction were performed and radical resection was obtained(L, Type 3, pap/tub, ypT3N1H0P0CY0M0, ypStage ⅡB). Three years and 6 months after the surgery, a mass 4 cm in diameter was found in the splenic hilum, and a pancreatosplenial resection was performed to remove the tumor for diagnosis and treatment purposes. We confirmed that there was no problem with blood flow, and we were able to preserve the stomach. Intraoperative ICG fluorescence imaging was considered a promising method for evaluating residual gastric blood flow.

Lung Cancer Surgery for Patients on Hemodialysis: A Decade of Experience at Multicenter Institutions.

BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome of patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) has not yet been clarified in lung cancer surgery. The aims of this study were to assess the clinical features, outcomes, and main cause of death after lung cancer surgery in patients undergoing HD and to evaluate the risk factors for postoperative complications. METHODS: The study identified 39 patients undergoing HD who had lung cancer surgery in 9 institutions under the Thoracic Surgery Study Group of Osaka University in Japan between 2007 and 2016. Study investigators retrospectively analyzed the surgical outcomes of these patients. RESULTS: Most patients were male and were smokers. Diabetes mellitus was the most common cause of primary renal disease. Lobectomy with systemic lymph node dissection was performed in 16 patients, and an extended operation was performed in 6 patients. Most patients had a diagnosis of pathologic stage IA (69.2%) lung cancer. The overall complication and mortality rates were 30.8% and 7.7%, respectively. Pneumonia was the most frequently observed complication. Extended operation was significantly associated with complications (P = .04). The 5-year overall survival rate was 57.9%, and the most common cause of death was not primary lung cancer but was a disease related to HD. CONCLUSIONS: Lung cancer surgery for patients undergoing HD provides favorable long-term outcomes despite higher postoperative mortality and morbidity rates. Because an extended operation is significantly associated with postoperative complications, thoracic surgeons should carefully select the type of resection on the basis of a balance between therapeutic benefit and invasiveness in these patients.

Significance of fistulography findings to the healing time of postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

PURPOSE: Pancreatic fistula (PF) is a common and serious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). However, few studies have discussed the time required for PF healing in patients with this complication. This study investigates the PF healing time (PF-HT) and its association with findings of postoperative fistulography performed via the drainage tubes. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 35 patients with PF among a total of 144 patients who underwent PD for periampullary diseases in our hospital. PF-HT, which was defined as the duration from the first postoperative fistulography to removal of the drainage tubes, was assessed in the enrolled patients. Fistulography findings were classified into four types based on fluid collection and communication with the jejunal loop. We investigated the factors affecting the PF-HT, including the fistulography findings. RESULTS: The average PF-HT was 22 ± 20 days. Multivariate analysis revealed that the fistulography type was the only independent factor that affected PF-HT significantly. The PF-HT was significantly shorter in patients without fluid collection than in those with fluid collection. Moreover, those patients with fluid collection and a communication had a significantly shorter PF-HT than those without a communication. CONCLUSIONS: We found that fistulography findings were significantly associated with the PF-HT. This suggests that fistulography findings could help to predict the time needed for PF healing.