Volatiles mediate host-selection in the corn hoppers Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Peregrinus maidis (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants are generally involved in host recognition and host selection for many phytophagous insects. However, for leafhoppers and planthoppers, host recognition is mainly thought to involve a phototactic response, but it is not clear if a host plant could be selected based on the volatile cues it emits. In this study we evaluated olfactory responses in dual choice tests of two Hemiptera species, Dalbulus maidis (De Long) (Cicadellidae) and Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) (Delphacidae), vectors of maize-stunting diseases, to three maize (Zea mays L.) germplasms, a temperate and a tropical hybrid and a landrace. VOCs emitted by the germplasms were collected and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The temperate hybrid released significantly more VOCs than the tropical hybrid and the landrace, and its volatile profile was dominated by (±)-linalool. D. maidis preferred odours emitted from the temperate hybrid, whereas P. maidis preferred odours from the tropical hybrid and the landrace over the temperate one. In order to test if linalool plays a role in the behavioural responses, we assayed this compound in combination with the tropical hybrid, to provide other contextual olfactory cues. D. maidis was attracted to the tropical hybrid plus a 0.0001% linalool solution, indicating that this compound could be part of a blend of attractants. Whereas addition of linalool resulted in a slight, though not significant, reduction in host VOC attractiveness for P. maidis. Both hopper species responded to olfactory cues in the absence of supplementary visual cues.

CT-guided hook-wire localisation prior to video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery of pulmonary lesions.

AIM: To assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of computed tomography (CT)-guided pulmonary nodule localisation using a hooked guide wire before video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 79 patients with a history of malignancies outside the lung associated with pulmonary nodules. Mean lesion size was 0.7 cm (range 0.5-1.8 cm) and the mean lesion distance to the pleural surface was 1.5 cm (range 0.2-5 cm). All lesions (n=82) were marked with a 22-G hook wire. The technique was designed to insert the tip of the hook wire within or maximally 1 cm from the edge of the lesion. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for univariate analyses and Fisher's exact test for categorical values. RESULTS: The hooked guide wire was positioned successfully in all 82 pulmonary nodules within mean time of 9 minutes (8-20 minutes, SD: 2.5 minutes). The procedure time was inversely proportional to the size of the lesion (Spearman correlation factor 0.7). Minimal pneumothoraces were observed in five patients (7.6%). Pneumothorax was not correlated to the histopathology of the pulmonary nodules (p>0.09). Focal perilesional pulmonary haemorrhage developed in four patients (5%). Both haemorrhage and pneumothorax were significantly correlated to lesions <10 mm (p=0.02 and 0.01 respectively). The volume of resected lung tissue was significantly correlated to lesions of increased distance from the pleural surface ≥2.5 cm in comparison to lesions of <2.5 cm from the pleural surface. CONCLUSION: CT-guided pulmonary nodule localisation prior to VATS could enable safe, accurate surgical guidance for the localisation of small pulmonary nodules.

Diagnostic accuracy of CT readings on coin lesions in the lung as compared with transthoracic CT-guided needle biopsy results.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare chest CT film reading results with histopathological results after CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of the lung. In addition, lung lesion morphology was evaluated and compared with the nature of the lesions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Pulmonary lesions of 133 patients who underwent chest CT were retrospectively grouped into benign, malignant or uncertain. All patients underwent CT-guided transthoracic biopsy. Results of CT diagnosis and histopathological evaluation were compared. In addition, CT features such as size, borders, shape and presence of necrosis were assessed and compared with histopathological results. RESULTS: In 129 patients adequate specimens were obtained. Comparison of CT diagnosis with the histopathological results yielded the following results for chest CT: sensitivity 95%, specificity 43%, positive predictive value 83%, and negative predictive value 75%. Lesions with spiculated margins turned out to be associated with a significantly higher number of malignant lesions than lesions with smooth or blurred margins (p < 0.05). Lesions size, lesion shape as well as the presence of necrosis showed no significant relation to nature of the lesions (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Radiological assessment of pulmonary lesions alone is not sufficient. the specificity of chest CT is not sufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, i. e., histological verification is still needed for further investigation in a large number of cases. Only lesions with spiculated margins showed a significantly higher number of malignant degenerations in histological evaluation.

Primary actinomycosis of the liver mimicking malignancy.

A 71-year old women presented with fever, a significant loss of body weight and abdominal pain in the upper right quadrant since approximately six months. Abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an irregularly shaped, inhomogeneous and hypointense lesion of the right liver lobe (6 x 8 cm in segment 7 and 8) with multiple satellite lesions. Irregular shape, hypovascular presentation during gadolinium enhancement, hypointensity in T 1-weighted images and dilation of peripheral bile ducts were suggestive for cholangiocarcinoma or metastasis. However, histological investigations revealed a rare case of primary actinomycosis of the liver which was successfully treated with antibiotics.

Variables affecting the risk of pneumothorax and intrapulmonal hemorrhage in CT-guided transthoracic biopsy.

The influence of various variables on the rate of pneumothorax and intrapulmonal hemorrhage associated with computed tomography (CT)-guided transthoracic needle biopsy of the lung were evaluated retrospectively. One hundred and thirty-three patients underwent CT guided biopsy of a pulmonary lesion. Two patients were biopsied twice. Variables analyzed were lesion size, lesion location, number of pleural needle passes, lesion margin, length of intrapulmonal biopsy path and puncture time. Eighteen-gauge (18G) cutting needles (Trucut, Somatex, Teltow, Germany) were used for biopsy. Pneumothorax occurred in 23 of 135 biopsies (17%). Chest tube placement was required in three out of 23 cases of pneumothorax (2% of all biopsies). Pneumothorax rate was significantly higher when the lesions were located in the lung parenchyma compared with locations at the pleura or chest wall (P < 0.05), but all pneumothorax cases which required chest tube treatment occurred in lesions located less than 2 cm from the pleura. Longer puncture time led to an increase in pneumothorax rate (P < 0.05). Thirty-seven (27%) out of 135 biopsies showed perifocal hemorrhage. Intrapulmonal biopsy paths longer than 4 cm showed significantly higher numbers of perifocal hemorrhage and pneumothorax (P < 0.05). Significantly more hemorrhage occurred when the pleura was penetrated twice during the puncture (P < 0.05). Lesion size <4 cm is strongly correlated with higher occurrence of perifocal hemorrhage (P < 0.05). Lesion margination showed no significant effect on complication rate. CT-guided biopsy of smaller lesions correlates with a higher bleeding rate. Puncture time should be minimized to reduce pneumothorax rate. Passing the pleura twice significantly increases the risk of hemorrhage. Intrapulmonal biopsy paths longer than 4 cm showed significantly higher numbers of perifocal hemorrhage as well as pneumothorax.

[Comparison of analog and digital fluoroscopy devices regarding patient radiation exposure in enteroclysis]. / Vergleich analoger und digitaler Durchleuchtungsgeräte hinsichtlich der Strahlenexposition der Patienten bei Enteroklysmen.

PURPOSE: With the development and refinement of digital imaging, conventional fluoroscopic units are increasingly being replaced by state-of-the-art digital units for the practice of gastrointestinal imaging. The purpose of this study was to compare digital and conventional methods of gastrointestinal imaging by enteroclysis based on radiation exposure to the patient and fluoroscopy time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 241 patients who underwent enteroclysis by the conventional technique in 1990 and 309 patients who underwent enteroclysis by digital technique between 2000 and 2004 were reviewed. The radiation exposure of the patient and the fluoroscopy time were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean radiation exposure was significantly lower (p < or = 0.05) for patients examined by the digital technique (4945.07 cGy x cm (2)) than for patients examined by the conventional technique (7513.6 cGy x cm (2)). The fluoroscopy time was significantly lower with the conventional technique (mean fluoroscopy time 9 min 43 sec) than with the digital technique (17 min 10 sec). CONCLUSION: We conclude that radiation exposure does not correlate directly with fluoroscopy time. Technical refinements of the digital technique such as Last Image Hold frames, which allow images to be stored with no increase in radiation dose and help to reduce digital fluorography exposures and pulsed fluoroscopy, result in significant dose reduction.

A standardized, comprehensive magnetic resonance imaging protocol for rapid and precise quantification of HIV-1-associated lipodystrophy.

OBJECTIVES: Although multiple methods have been proposed, there is no current gold standard for assessing HIV-1-associated lipodystrophy. METHODS: HIV-1-infected participants were randomly enrolled and surveyed about changes in the abdomen, thigh, cheek and neck areas. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences of these sites were obtained. Participants were grouped according to survey results, and the MRI measurements were compared between groups. RESULTS: One hundred participants were included in the study, of whom 79% reported any body fat changes. Persons reporting increased abdominal girth had higher visceral ([mean+/-standard deviation] 142+/-75 vs. 59+/-48 cm2; P<0.0001) and total abdominal adipose tissue than those reporting no change (344+/-119 vs. 201+/-95 cm2; P<0.0001). The amount of localized fat was less for persons reporting sunken cheeks and reduced diameter of the legs compared with those who noted no changes (5.9+/-3.6 vs. 9.3+/-3.8 cm2; P<0.0001, and 35+/-28 vs. 112+/-56 cm2; P<0.0001). Participants reporting increased neck girth had a thicker fat layer in the dorsocervical region compared with those reporting no change (4.0+/-1.8 vs. 2.3+/-1.4 cm; P<0.0002). CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a precise method for rapidly surveying body regions affected by HIV-1-associated lipodystrophy. Our proposed protocol provides a rapid, comprehensive survey of these areas, without the need to combine multiple modalities or to expose subjects to radiation.

Successful treatment of disseminated mucormycosis with a combination of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole in a patient with acute myeloid leukaemia.

The combination of resection of infected tissue and antifungal therapy is the treatment of choice in mucormycosis. In disseminated mucormycosis, where surgery is impossible, the mortality is almost 90%. We report the first case of disseminated mucormycosis that was cured with a combination therapy of liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole without surgical intervention.

A randomized, open-label study to compare the effects of two different doses of recombinant human growth hormone on fat reduction and fasting metabolic parameters in HIV-1-infected patients with lipodystrophy.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown beneficial effects of recombinant human growth hormone (r-hGH) in reducing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in HIV-1-infected patients with lipodystrophy. METHODS: Patients were randomized to r-hGH 4 mg daily (group A) or three times per week (group B) over 12 weeks, followed by a 2 mg daily maintenance dose for 12 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were performed to assess body composition. RESULTS: A total of 26 subjects were included in the study. VAT was reduced overall by 35.1 cm(2) (29.5%) at week 12 and by 49 cm(2) (39.9%) at week 24, respectively, compared with baseline (P<0.001 for both comparisons). By week 12, VAT was reduced by 27 and 29% (A vs B; P=0.47) while facial fat was reduced by 3.3 and 2.6 cm(2) in groups A and B, respectively (P=0.96). Over 24 weeks, VAT was reduced by 42 and 38% (P=0.35) and facial fat by 3.2 and 2.4 cm(2) in groups A and B, respectively (P=0.91), compared with baseline. There was a greater increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in group A than in group B (4.9 vs 2.4 mg/dL in week 12 and 7.1 vs -0.4 mg/dL in week 24; P=0.03). Fasting insulin levels increased, whereas glucose and insulin measured in oral glucose tolerance tests remained unchanged. Drug-related side effects were transient and reversible, but more common in group A (67%) than in group B (29%). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms reports that r-hGH effectively reduces VAT, with a relatively small reduction of facial and limb fat.

[The infammatory pseudotumour -- an unusual liver tumour]. / Der inflammatorische Pseudotumor -- eine schwierige Differenzialdiagnose.

We report on a 49-year-old male patient who was suspected to have a malignant liver tumour with enlarged perihepatic lymph nodes because of CT and ultrasound scanning. To verify the diagnosis and procure a histological specimen, the patient underwent laparotomy. Histologically, an inflammatory pseudotumour could be confirmed. This is a rare disease which can present with fever, abdominal pain, vomiting and weight loss indicating malignancy or abscess. The definite diagnosis is often only verified by surgery.

[Staging of prostate cancer: value of the combined information of endorectal MRI, biopsy Gleason score, and preoperative PSA level]. / Staging des Prostatakarzinoms: Wertigkeit der kombinierten Information aus endorektaler MRT, bioptischem Gleason Score und präoperativem PSA-Wert.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the predictive value of MR imaging criteria, the biopsy Gleason score, and preoperative PSA levels for differentiating between T2 and T3 prostate carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endorectal MR images of 81 patients (median age: 65 years, range: 48 to 81 years) who had biopsy-proven prostate cancer and underwent a radical prostatectomy were analyzed retrospectively. The existence of different imaging features were recorded for each patient. A radiological analysis comprising all used imaging criteria was also performed for every patient. Optimal cut-off levels for the biopsy Gleason score and preoperative PSA levels were obtained using ROC analyses. Subsequently, a logistic regression analysis was performed to identify features which make a significant contribution to the prediction of the tumor stage. RESULTS: Histological examination showed that 24 patients (29.6 %) had a T3 tumor and 57 patients (70.4 %) had a T2 tumor. The mean preoperative PSA level was 9.4 ng/ml (+/- 7 ng/ml), and the median Gleason score was 6 with a range of 4 to 8. The radiological judgment comprising all imaging criteria led to a sensitivity of 54.2 % and specificity of 79 % for the detection of a T3 tumor. The obliteration of the rectoprostatic angle (regression coefficient B = 2.30; standard error (se) = 0.80; p = 0.002) and the biopsy Gleason score (B = 1.16; se = 0.3; p = 0.001) were the parameters with the highest independent predictive value for the diagnosis of an extracapsular tumor spread. The other radiological criteria and the preoperative PSA level were not statistically significant. A combination of the parameters "obliteration of the rectoprostatic angle" and "biopsy Gleason score" led to a sensitivity and specificity of 75 % and 79 %, respectively (existence of one parameter sufficient). The optimal cut-off value was a Gleason score of 7 for the differentiation between T2 and T3 prostate carcinomas. CONCLUSION: In our study, only the criteria "obliteration of the rectoprostatic angle" and "biopsy Gleason score" were of predictive value for the diagnosis of a T3 prostate carcinoma. The other MR imaging criteria and the preoperative PSA levels had no additional benefit.

[Variation in X-ray dose quantity using an amorphous selenium based flat-panel detector -- a study on the dose reduction rate up to the limit of diagnostical utilization]. / Dosisvariation mit einem direkten Selen-Flachbilddetektor -- Eine Studie zur Dosisreduktion bis an die Grenzen der diagnostischen Verwertbarkeit.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic quality and minimum required dose to obtain acceptable images for diagnostic purposes in the field of musculoskeletal radiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A critical comparison of the image quality produced by a novel flat panel detector and the conventional screen/film system using a contrast-detail phantom was performed in phase I. Images from both systems were obtained with the same dose and displayed with similar contrast and density. In phase II images of significant anatomical structures in cadaver extremities obtained using the digital detector system and the standard film/screen system were critically evaluated. After a successive reduction in the X-ray dose for 84 patients in phase III, eight independent radiologists compared the image quality of the screen/film system to that of the novel flat panel detector. RESULTS: Phases I and II revealed a difference in the image quality achieved by the standard screen/film system and the digital detector system to the advantage of the digital detector system. In 77 of 84 patients (91.7 %), phase III showed equal image quality after a 50 % reduction in the X-ray dose. In 3 cases (3.6 %) the image quality and the level of contrast were better. No unified statement could be made for 4 patients (4.7 %). CONCLUSION: Digital imaging of skeletal disorders using the novel flat panel detector makes it possible to reduce the X-ray dose by 50 % with equal or even better image quality.

[Magnetic resonance imaging in orthopaedic medicine]. / Die Magnetresonanztomografie in der Orthopädie.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an established diagnostic tool in orthopaedics. Superior soft tissue contrast, lack of ionised radiation and free slice orientation are the key points for optimal evaluation of joint structures, muscles and ligaments. Application of contrast agents improves the detection of inflammation and tumour tissue. However, measuring and interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging is a challenge both for orthopaedists and radiologists. Basic requirements for good diagnosis are clinical findings, plain radiographs and a clear indication. This report provides information about the method of magnetic resonance imaging, artefacts, indications, risks and drawbacks as well as limitations of this method that necessitate alternative imaging modalities.

Automated detection of lung nodules in multidetector CT: influence of different reconstruction protocols on performance of a software prototype.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of software for computer-aided detection (CAD) of lung nodules using different reconstruction slice thickness protocols in multidetector CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Raw image data sets for 15 patients who had undergone 16-row multidetector CT (MDCT) for known pulmonary nodules were reconstructed at a reconstruction thickness of 5.0, 2.0 and 1.0 mm with a reconstruction increment of 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 mm, respectively. The "Nodule Enhanced Viewing" (NEV) tool of LungCare for computer-aided detection of lung nodules was applied to the reconstructed images. The reconstructed images were also blinded and then evaluated by 2 radiologists (A and B). Data from the evaluating radiologists and CAD was then compared to an independent reference standard established using the consensus of 2 independent experienced chest radiologists. The eligible nodules were grouped according to their size (diameter > 10, 5 - 10, < 5 mm) for assessment. Statistical analysis was performed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, t-test and two-rater Cohen's Kappa co-efficient. RESULTS: A total of 103 nodules were included in the reference standard by the consensus panel. The performance of CAD was marginally lower than that of readers at a 5.0-mm reconstruction thickness (AUC = 0.522, 0.517 and 0.497 for A, B and CAD, respectively). In the case of 2.0-mm reconstruction slices, the performance of CAD was better than that of the readers (AUC = 0.524, 0.524 and 0.614 for A, B and CAD, respectively). CAD was found to be significantly superior to radiologists in the case of 1.0-mm reconstruction slices (AUC = 0.537, 0.531 and 0.675 for A, B and CAD, respectively). The sensitivity at a reconstruction thickness of 1.0 mm was determined to be 66.99 %, 68.93 % and 80.58 % for A, B and CAD, respectively. The time required for detection was shortest for CAD at reconstruction slices of 1.0 mm (mean t = 4 min). The performance of radiologists was greatly enhanced when using CAD: sensitivity 91.26 % and 94.17 % for CAD+A and CAD+B, respectively (AUC = 0.889 and 0.917). CAD was most advantageous in the detection of nodules < 10 mm. CONCLUSION: At a 1.0-mm reconstruction thickness, CAD's ability to detect nodules < 10 mm is superior to that of radiologists and its relatively short evaluation time makes it a viable second reader.

Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis in immunocompromised patients by seminested PCR assay of tissue samples.

Aspergillosis and mucormycosis are the most common mold infections in patients with hematological malignancies. Infections caused by species of the genus Aspergillus and the order Mucorales require different antifungal treatments depending on the in vitro susceptibility of the causative strain. Cultures from biopsy specimens frequently do not grow fungal pathogens, even from histopathologically proven cases of invasive fungal infection. Two seminested PCR assays were evaluated by amplifying DNA of zygomycetes and Aspergillus spp. from organ biopsies of 21 immunocompromised patients. The PCR assays correctly identified five cases of invasive aspergillosis and six cases of mucormycosis. They showed evidence of double mold infection in two cases. Both assays were negative in five negative controls and in two patients with yeast infections. Sequencing of the PCR products was in accordance with culture results in all culture-positive cases. In six patients without positive cultures but with positive histopathology, sequencing suggested a causative organism. Detection of fungal DNA from biopsy specimens allows rapid identification of the causative organism of invasive aspergillosis and mucormycosis. The use of these PCR assays may allow guided antifungal treatment in patients with invasive mold infections.

The Protease Inhibitor Transfer Study (PROTRA 1): abacavir and efavirenz in combination as a substitute for a protease inhibitor in heavily pretreated HIV-1-infected patients with undetectable plasma viral load.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abacavir (ABC) and efavirenz (EFV) instead of a protease inhibitor (PI) in HIV-1-infected subjects treated with two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one PI with undetectable viral loads (< 50 HIV -1 RNA copies/mL). To be eligible for inclusion, patients had to have a history of viral load < 400 copies/mL for at least 3 months and had to be naive to treatment with nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) and ABC, but multiple pretreatment and treatment failure were allowed. DESIGN: An open-label, single-centre pilot study of duration 48 weeks was conducted. ABC was added to the original treatment with two NRTIs and one PI at baseline, and at week 6 the PI was replaced by EFV. At each study visit, CD4 cell count, viral load [measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] and clinical chemistry were measured. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and at weeks 12, 24, 36 and 48 to measure levels of cholesterol [high-density lipoprotein (HDL)/low-density lipoprotein (LDL)], triglycerides, insulin and C-peptide. Additionally, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. A bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) and a single slice abdominal and mid-thigh computed tomography (CT) scan were carried out to assess changes in body composition. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in the study. Three patients experienced ABC-hypersensitivity and one patient demonstrated virological failure caused by nonadherence. At week 48, all remaining patients had viral loads < 50 copies/mL with stable CD4 counts. The fasting metabolic parameters and abdominal fat distribution remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: In heavily pretreated patients, ABC and EFV in combination provide an effective, simplified and well-tolerated alternative to PI treatment.

[Uterine adenomyosis in infertile patients: MR imaging findings and clinical conclusions]. / MRT der uterinen Adenomyose bei infertilen Patientinnen: Ergebnisse und klinische Rückschlüsse.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the uterus and the pelvis in infertile female with symptomatic endometriosis for the assessment of uterine morphology and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one infertile women (mean age: 33.2 years) with symptomatic endometriosis documented by laparoscopy were evaluated with high-field MRI (Sonata, Siemens) using T2- and T1-weighted sequences. In addition, the patients underwent hysterosalpingoscintigraphy (HSSG) for evaluation of the uterotubal transport capacity. Pathologic findings of the uterine junction zone were correlated with the laparoscopic results, clinical symptoms and uterotubal transport capacity. RESULTS: Adenomyosis was diagnosed on T2-weigthed MR-images in 35 (85.4 %) patients (focal adenomatosis in 26 patients and diffuse adenomatosis in 9). Patients showing signs of adenomyosis tended to be older than patients without adenomyosis (mean age 34.1 years vs. 30.1 years) and showed a longer history of symptomatic endometriosis. A positive transport capacity in HSSG was observed in 73.1 % (19/26) of the patients with focal adenomyosis and in only 22.2 % (2/9) of patients with diffuse adenomyosis. In 83.3 % (5/6) of the patients without signs of adenomyosis, a positive uterotubal transport was documented. CONCLUSION: MRI of the uterus is a helpful diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of adenomyosis and for planning further therapies. Patients with the diagnosis of adenomyosis showed a reduced uterotubal transport capacity that depended on the severity of adenomyotic changes and might be a possible cause of infertility.

Traumatic injuries of the pelvis and thoracic and lumbar spine: does thin-slice multidetector-row CT increase diagnostic accuracy?

The objective is to evaluate different multidetector-row CT (MDCT) strategies for adequate classification of spinal and pelvic injuries. Seventy intubated patients after multiple trauma underwent conventional radiography (CR) and MDCT. Examinations included the pelvis (P), the lumbar spine (LS) and the thoracic spine (TS). Conventional radiographs, 3-mm (CT5) and 5-mm scans (CT3) and 3-mm and 5-mm scans combined with MPR (CT3R/CT5R) were compared to surgery, autopsy and clinical course. MDCT led to significantly better results than CR (P<0.01). Correlation coefficients were r=1.0 (CT3R), r=0.96 [TS] to r=1.0 [P/LS] (CT5R), r=0.8 [P] to r=1.0 [TS] (CT3), r=0.80 [P] to r=0.86 [TS] (CT5) and r=0.3 [TS] to r=0.69 [P] (CR). Fractures were identified by CT3R in 100% of cases, by CT5R in 95%, by CT3 in 90% [P]-100% [TS], by CT5 in 83.3% [LS]-90% [P] and by CR in 57.1% [TS]-87.2% [P]. Unstable fractures were identified in 100% by CT3R, CT5R and CT3, 85.7% [TS]-100% [P/LS] by CT5 and 57.1% [TS]-80% [P] by CR. Only overlapping thin-slice multiplanar reformation allows for an adequate classification of spinal and pelvic injuries and thus is highly emphasized in patients after severe blunt trauma.

[Thoracic aortic stenting: indications and results]. / Thoracale Aortenstents.

AIM: Determination of the conditions for good acute and long term results of interventional therapy of lesions of the thoracic aorta using stent-grafts. PATIENTS, MATERIAL AND METHODS: 51 patients with aneurysm of the thoracic aorta (type B dissections) covered rupture and aortobronchial fistula were evaluated. All cases were discussed in an interdisciplinary conference consisting of thoracic surgeon and interventional radiologist. Primarily, 20 patients were operated and 31 were treated by intervention. For all a multidetector row CT angiography was ordered prior to the discussion. All procedures were performed in a DSA suite under general anaesthesia. In 29 patients Talent LPS trade mark tube grafts and in four patients an Excluder trade mark graft was implanted. RESULTS: 29 patients had an aneurysm of the thoracic aorta, 21 a type B dissection, 19 a perforation and one patient had an aortobronchial fistula. The follow up was 13.4 months. In 29 patients the stent-graft implantation was successful, in 2 patients stent-graft delivery failed due to severe calcification and kincking of both common iliac arteries. One patient had an iliacal dissection after stent-graft delivery which was treated successfully by surgery. In two patients CT angiographic control detected endoleaks, which were treated with a second stent-graft placement. One patient with an acute perforation of the descending aorta died due to cardiac failure prior to stent-graft implantation. Any neurological complication did not occur. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous treatment of lesions of the descending thoracic aorta using stent-grafts is a safe and feasible alternative treatment to surgical repair. Prior to the a multidetector row CT angiography is necessary for exact planning of the endo-luminal treatment.

[Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): a rare cause of ascites and pleural effusion]. / Lymphangioleiomyomatose (LAM): seltene Ursache von Aszites und Pleuraergüssen.

HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS: A 45 year old woman presented at our hospital for further evaluation of intermittent abdominal pain. The patient reported that she had suffered a spontaneous pneumothorax 8 years and a pleural effusion 3 years before. DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS AND THERAPY: Abdominal ultrasound showed abdominal fluid which proved to be chylous ascites by diagnostic paracentesis. Radiologic (lymphangiography) findings were consistent with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). Remarkably, lymphangiography resulted in an immediate disappearance of the ascitic fluid. CONCLUSION: This report depicts a case of LAM which involved both pulmonary and intestinal symptoms. Previous pulmonary problems gave a hint towards the right diagnosis. Though lymphangiography is rarely performed in these days, the method was both diagnostic and therapeutic in the case presented.