Factors related to the low-risk perception of driving after cannabis use.

INTRODUCTION: Modifying risk perceptions related to driving after cannabis use (DACU) could deter individuals from enacting this behavior, as low-risk perception is associated with DACU engagement. This study identified sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, other driving behaviors, peer norms, and psychological characteristics that are associated with lower risk perception regarding DACU. METHODS: Canadian drivers aged 17-35 who have used cannabis in the past year (n = 1,467) completed an online questionnaire. A multivariate linear regression model allowed for identifying variables associated with the low-risk perception of DACU (i.e. believing it to be safe as one's driving ability is not impaired by cannabis or by being high). RESULTS: Lower risk perception of DACU was associated with identifying as male, weekly to daily cannabis use, engagement in DACU, general risky driving behaviors, being a passenger of a driver who engages in DACU, number of friends who engage in DACU, and peer approval of DACU. Having driven under the influence of alcohol, living in urban areas, having received traffic tickets in the past three years, and declaring past-week irritability and cognitive problems were associated with holding a higher risk perception related to DACU. DISCUSSION: Road education and prevention programs should target attitudes and perceptions regarding risks shaped by sociocultural norms and past risky driving experiences. They need to reach out more specifically to drivers with the identified characteristics associated with the low-risk perception of DACU. These interventions can potentially help reduce the rate of individuals who engage in this behavior.

Typologies of Canadian young adults who drive after cannabis use: A two-step cluster analysis.

Young adults that drive after cannabis use (DACU) may not share all the same characteristics. This study aimed to identify typologies of Canadians who engage in DACU. About 910 cannabis users with a driver's license (17-35 years old) who have engaged in DACU completed an online questionnaire. Two-step cluster analysis identified four subgroups, based on driving-related behaviors, cannabis use and related problems, and psychological distress. Complementary comparative analysis among the identified subgroups was performed as external validation. The identified subgroups were: (1) frequent cannabis users who regularly DACU; (2) individuals with generalized deviance with diverse risky road behaviors and high levels of psychological distress; (3) alcohol and drug-impaired drivers who were also heavy frequent drinkers; and (4) well-adjusted youths with mild depressive-anxious symptoms. Individuals who engaged in DACU were not a homogenous group. When required, prevention and treatment need to be tailored according to the different profiles.

French soldiers who died during both World Wars: from recovery to repatriation.

The study of human remains from the first and the second World War is important for enhancing our understanding of that historical period. Despite the fact that the period has been well-documented previously, gaps remain, particularly as a result of the destruction of archives. In fact, for just WWI, more than 700,000 soldiers from both sides remain missing. Scientific and political collaborations established in hopes of recovering and identifying soldiers will allow many families understand "what happened" to their loved ones and facilitate the return of the soldiers their homes. In this paper, the recovery of the human remains of French soldiers WWI and WWII will be described through the lens of the legislation in place governing the retrieval and identification of the remains, protocols established for recovery, excavation and analysis, and the dissemination data. These features will be illustrated using three case studies that involve French soldiers who died during WWI. Research of this type is the result of true interdisciplinary and sometimes international, depending on the context, collaboration. The public and academic the dissemination of these archaeological discoveries, both to academics and the public, is crucial and a type of remembrance.

The Effect of Crystal Defects on 3D High-Resolution Diffraction Peaks: A FFT-Based Method.

Forward modeling of diffraction peaks is a potential way to compare the results of theoretical mechanical simulations and experimental X-ray diffraction (XRD) data recorded during in situ experiments. As the input data are the strain or displacement field within a representative volume of the material containing dislocations, a computer-aided efficient and accurate method to generate these fields is necessary. With this aim, a current and promising numerical method is based on the use of the fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based method. However, classic FFT-based methods present some numerical artifacts due to the Gibbs phenomenon or "aliasing" and to "voxelization" effects. Here, we propose several improvements: first, a consistent discrete Green operator to remove "aliasing" effects; and second, a method to minimize the voxelization artifacts generated by dislocation loops inclined with respect to the computational grid. Then, we show the effect of these improvements on theoretical diffraction peaks.

Dislocation Densities and Velocities within the γ Channels of an SX Superalloy during In Situ High-Temperature Creep Tests.

The high-temperature creep behavior of a rafted [001] oriented AM1 Ni-based single crystal superalloy was investigated during in situ creep tests on synchrotrons. Experiments were performed at constant temperatures under variable applied stress in order to study the response (plastic strain, load transfer) to stress jumps. Using two different diffraction techniques in transmission (Laue) geometry, it was possible to measure the average lattice parameters of both the γ matrix and the γ ' rafts in the [100] direction at intervals shorter than 300 s. The absolute precision with both diffraction techniques of the constrained transverse mismatch (in the rafts' plane) is about 10-5. After stress jumps, special attention is given to the evolution of plastic strain within the γ channels. The relaxation of the Von Mises stress at leveled applied stress shows evidence of dislocation multiplication within the γ channels. From the analysis, we showed an interaction between plastic stress and dislocation density of the γ phase.

Do neurônio ao nó / From the neuron to the node / Du neurone ao noeud

O autor busca obstinadamente o que o momento cognitivista pode ensinar sobre o discurso analítico. A formulação “do neurônio ao nó” poderia resumir, graças à ajuda da assonância das palavras, a trajetória da teoria psicanalítica dos inícios de Freud ao último Lacan. Mas poderíamos dizer que os nós ocupam o lugar dessa quantidade material que é colocada como premissa por Freud quando ele tenta elaborar uma psicologia que seja científica. Para que seja científica, ela deve tratar de algo material. Coloca-se a questão do que faz a correlação – fundada ou não? – entre ciência e matéria.

The author persistently seeks what the cognitivist moment can teach about analytical discourse. The phrase: “from the neuron to the node” could summarize the analytical speech of the trajectory of the psychoanalytic theory from the beginning of Freud first until the last of Lacan, with the help of the words in assonance. But we could say that these nodes occupy the place of this material quantity which is placed as Freud's premises when he tries to develop a psychology that is scientific. To be scientific, it must address to something that is material. This raises the question of what makes the correlation-founded or not - between science and material.

L'auteur cherche obstinément ce que le moment cognitiviste peut enseigner sur le discours analytique. La formulation "du neurone au noeud" pourrait résumer, grâce à l'aide de l’assonance des mots, la trajectoire de la théorie psychanalytique Du début de Freud jusqu’au dernier Lacan. Mais on pourrait dire que nous occupons la place de cette quantité materielle qui est établie comme prémisse par Freud quand il essaie de développer une psychologie qui est scientifique. Pour être scientifique, elle doit répondre à quelque chose de matériel. La question de ce qui fait la corrélation - fondée ou non? - entre la science et la matière.

Laparoscopic robotic-assisted gastrointestinal surgery: the Geneva experience.

The continuing development of robotic surgery supports its use in laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery. Our study retrospectively reviewed the surgical outcome and patient's satisfaction of gastrointestinal laparoscopic robotic procedures. From January 2003 to September 2007, 94 patients (27 women, 67 men) with a mean age of 53 years (range 19-84 years) underwent laparoscopic surgery with a da Vinci robotic system. There were 40 colorectal cases (43%), 31 anti-reflux surgery cases (33%) and 14 obesity surgery cases (15%); the remaining cases consisted of gastric and gallbladder surgery, intra-abdominal tumour excisions, and hepatic cyst resections. The majority of the cases (88, 94%) were performed for benign disease. The mean operative time was 153 min (range 60-330 min). One patient needed a blood transfusion. The mean body mass index was 25 (range 16-47). No death occurred. Five cases (5.3%) were converted to conventional laparoscopic surgery (n = 3) or to laparotomy (n = 2). Morbidity consisted of one Nissen redo surgery to loosen a tight anti-reflux valve 6 days after robotic surgery, a robotic left ureter repair and pelvic haemorrhage following proctectomy requiring re-operation to control haemostasis and to remove pelvic haematoma. Mean follow-up time was 11 months (range 15 days to 34 months). One case of incisional trocar hernia needed re-operation. Overall patient's satisfaction was high: few scars were cheloïd, while functional surgical outcome was rated high by most of the patients. Our preliminary experience was encouraging, with minimal morbidity and very high acceptance by patients.

A arte do diagnóstico: o rouxinol de Lacan / The art of diagnosis: the rouxinol of Lacan

A propósito do diagnóstico, Muller utiliza o texto O rouxinol de Keats, de Jorge Luís Borges, como apólogo do apa¬relho do significante. Retoma a categoria de sujeito, como dimensão do singular, que não se enquadra numa classe, já que o ser falante nunca realiza de maneira clara e exaustiva nenhuma classe. A lógica de uma proposição universal, ou seja, de uma classe, apaga justamente o que é específico de cada caso. O "sujeito", como efeito que desloca sem parada o indivíduo da espécie, o particular do universal e o caso da regra, introduz a contingência e, com ela, um mundo que não é nem o cosmos, nem um universo, mas a clínica para nosso tempo. Um caso particular jamais é um caso exemplar de uma regra ou de uma classe. O que há são exceções à regra, e essa é uma fórmula universal, paradoxal. Nessa dimensão, a prática não é a aplicação da teoria. Miller define o diagnóstico como uma arte, a arte de julgar um caso sem regra e sem classe preestabelecida. O sujeito se constitui sempre como uma exceção à regra e seu sintoma c sua invenção, ou re-invencâo, da regra que lhe falta.

Laparoscopic treatment of pelvic floor defects in women of reproductive age.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of conservative laparoscopic treatment of genital prolapse in women of reproductive age. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University hospital, Center of Reconstrutive Pelivc Endosurgery, Reproductive Medical Unit, S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy. PATIENTS: Fifteen women of reproductive age with genital prolapse. Interventions. Conservative laparoscopic surgical correction of genital prolapse. Apical prolapse was corrected by sacral colpohysteropexy. Burch colposuspension was always included to treat evident or latent stress urinary incontinence. Anterior compartment defects were treated by laparoscopic paravaginal repair and by the interposition of an intervesicouterine prosthesis. Posterior compartment defects were corrected by a prosthetic reconstruction of the rectovaginal support structure. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: All patients underwent surgery between January 1998 and December 2000. They were prospectively evaluated for a minimum of 24 months of follow-up. No woman underwent additional surgery during the follow-up period. All women had resolution of the apical prolapse. In one woman, anterior compartment correction (i.e., correction of the anterior part of endopelvic fascia, including correction of bladder and anterior vaginal wall prolapse) was reported. No woman underwent additional prolapse surgery during the follow-up period. Three women became pregnant after surgery: one had an abortion at 8 weeks' gestation; the other two completed term pregnancies and delivered by cesarean section. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic therapy of genital prolapse is a desirable procedure in patients of reproductive age because it respects the anatomic structures and maintains the function of the organs. Furthermore, laparoscopic treatment is feasible and well-tolerated and produces good results.