Delay in treatment of adult hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is associated with worse in-hospital outcomes.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by uncontrolled activation of the immune system leading to multiorgan failure. Timely initiation of HLH-specific treatment is believed to be essential and lifesaving. Due to the rarity of the condition in adults, there is no data available in the literature to investigate the effects of treatment delay in this age group. We used data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) to evaluate the inpatient practices of HLH treatment initiation over 13 years (2007-2019) and their association with clinically relevant inpatient outcomes. Patients were divided into early treatment group (<6 days) and late treatment group (≥ 6 days). We compared outcomes using multivariate logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, race, and HLH-triggering conditions. There were 1327 and 1382 hospitalizations in the early and late treatment groups, respectively. Hospitalization in the late treatment group had higher rates of in-hospital mortality (OR 2.00 [1.65-2.43]), circulatory shock (OR 1.33 [1.09-1.63]), requiring mechanical ventilation (OR 1.41 [1.18-1.69]), venous thromboembolism (OR 1.70 [1.27-2.26]), infectious complications (OR 2.24 [1.90-2.64]), acute kidney injury (OR 2.27 [1.92-2.68]), and requiring new hemodialysis (OR 1.45 [1.17-1.81]). Additionally, we observed no significant trend in the mean time to treatment over the study period. This study shows the importance of early initiation of HLH treatment and highlights the adverse outcomes of treatment delay.

Molecular characterization, putative structure and function, and expression profile of OAS1 gene in the endometrium of goats (Capra hircus).

An interferon-inducible gene, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase-1 (OAS1), plays an essential role in uterine receptivity and conceptus development by controlling cell growth and differentiation in addition to anti-viral activities. As OAS1 gene has not yet been studied in caprine (cp), so present study was designed with the aim to amplify, sequence, characterize and in-silico analyze the coding sequence of the cpOAS1. Further, expression profile of cpOAS1 was performed by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot in the endometrium of pregnant and cyclic does. An 890 bp fragment of the cpOAS1 was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed 99.6-72.3% identities with that of ruminants and non-ruminants. A constructed phylogenetic tree revealed that Ovis aries and Capra hircus differ from large ungulates. Various post-translational modifications (PTMs), 21 phosphorylation, two sumoylation, eight cysteines and 14 immunogenic sites were found in the cpOAS1. The domain, OAS1_C, is found in the cpOAS1 which carries anti-viral enzymatic activity, cell growth, and differentiation. Among the interacted proteins with cpOAS1, Mx1 and ISG17 well-known proteins are found that have anti-viral activity and play an important role during early pregnancy in ruminants. CpOAS1 protein (42/46 kDa and/or 69/71 kDa) was detected in the endometrium of pregnant and cyclic does. Both cpOAS1 mRNA and protein were expressed maximally (P<0.05) in the endometrium during pregnancy as compared to cyclic does. In conclusion, the cpOAS1 sequence is almost similar in structure and probably in function also to other species along with its higher expression during early pregnancy.

Massive Monte Carlo simulations-guided interpretable learning of two-dimensional Curie temperature.

Monte Carlo (MC) simulation of the classical Heisenberg model has become the de facto tool to estimate the Curie temperature (T C) of two-dimensional (2D) magnets. As an alternative, here we develop data-driven models for the five most common crystal types, considering the isotropic and anisotropic exchange of up to four nearest neighbors and the single-ion anisotropy. We sample the 20-dimensional Heisenberg spin Hamiltonian and conceive a bisection-based MC technique to simulate a quarter of a million materials for training deep neural networks, which yield testing R 2 scores of nearly 0.99. Since 2D magnetism has a natural tendency toward low T C, learning-from-data is combined with data-from-learning to ensure a nearly uniform final data distribution over a wide range of T C (10-1,000 K). Global and local analysis of the features confirms the models' interpretability. We also demonstrate that the T C can be accurately estimated by a purely first-principles-based approach, free from any empirical corrections.

Effect on Mental Health among Undergraduate College Students of India during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Multicentric Study.

BACKGROUND: College students show higher prevalence of mental health issues as compared to the general population. Unfortunately, this year, students all over the world have to face, added pressure due to COVID-19. This study aimed to estimate the effect of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on the mental health of Medical and Engineering Students. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study was carried out at different medical and engineering colleges in Bihar, Delhi and Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu. 699 responses were collected and analyzed during the study period. Data was collected by email/ online platform through Google form via non- probability Sampling Technique. Mental health status was determined by using Corona virus anxiety screening (CAS), GHQ (General Health Questionnaire)-12, GAD (General Anxiety Disorder)-7 scale and PHQ (Patient Health Questionnaire)-9 scales.369 (53%) MBBS and 330 (47%) Engineering students participated in the study. RESULTS: Maximum participants in both groups did not have anxiety related to COVID-19 (MBBS (96.8%) and Engineering (95.2%). About two-third participants secured above cut off score i.e., MBBS (62.3%) and Engineering (64.8%) in GHQ-12. Approximately comparable proportion in both groups were found to have severe anxiety and depression (16% vs 20%), when applied GAD-7 and PHQ-9. Uncertainty in the timing of the exams/ Academic delay was found to be the most worrying factor (MBBS, 41.19% vs Engineering 31.82%). CONCLUSIONS: About two-thirds of medical and engineering students psychologically equally affected by current pandemic in our study. A student wellness clinic is the need of hour in current scenario, which is supported by mental health experts (Psychiatrists, Clinical Psychologists) and residents on rotation basiswhere all psychological problem including Stress, Anxiety, Interpersonal crisis, Relationship issues and Personality problems of the students are dealt effectively in institute campus near to student residential area.

Myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) gene: Molecular characterization of complete coding sequence and expression profile in the endometrium of goat (Capra hircus).

Myxovirus resistance 1 (Mx1) gene plays an important role in uterine receptivity and conceptus development by creating a strong defense mechanism in the uterine environment. However, the specific role of Mx1 gene is not yet documented in the goat. Therefore, in the present study, full-length coding sequence (CDS) of the Mx1 gene was amplified, sequenced and characterized through various Bioinformatic tools. Temporal expression profile of Mx1 mRNA and protein was also examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and western blot, respectively, in the endometrium of cyclic stage (non-pregnant), pregnancy stage I (16-24 days of gestation) and pregnancy stage II (25-40 days of gestation) of caprine (cp). A fragment of the cpMx1 gene, 2144 bp in length, was amplified from complementary DNA (cDNA) with a 1965 bp open reading frame. Coding and deduced amino acid sequences of the cpMx1 were aligned with other species and it exhibited 98.8-81.5 % identities with different species. On phylogenetic analysis, sheep and goat were found belonging to the same clade but differing from large ruminants. The cpMx1 protein possess the conserved signature motif (LPRGTGIVTR) of dynamin superfamily and the tripartite guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP) binding motif (GDQSSGKS, DLPG, TKPD) at the N-terminal end, and the leucine zipper motifs at the C-terminal end. Both cpMx1 mRNA and protein were found to be expressed maximally (P < 0.05) in the pregnancy stage I as compared to cyclic stage. It was concluded that the cpMx1 gene shares major structural and probably functional similarities with other species.

Kinetics of GDF9 expression in buffalo oocytes during in vitro maturation and their associated development ability.

The capacity of fully grown oocytes to regulate their own microenvironment by secreted paracrine factors contribute to their developmental competence. In spite of growing evidence about the vital role of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) in determination of oocyte developmental competence, there is insufficient information about time dependent behavior of its expression during in vitro maturation (IVM) to have definite understanding about at what time point during IVM it plays most crucial role. The study reports the kinetics of GDF9 expression under four different IVM supplement conditions in buffalo oocytes and their concomitant development rate up to blastocyst. Oocytes matured under an ideal media condition with all supplements and those cultured with only FSH resulted in significantly higher cumulus expansion, nuclear maturation, cleavage and blastocyst rates. GDF9 expression at both mRNA and protein levels at different time points of IVM revealed that magnitude of mRNA abundance at 8h of IVM was most important towards imparting development competence to buffalo oocytes. Appearance of GDF9 protein in maturing oocytes was found asynchronous with mRNA appearance in the time course of IVM suggesting possible posttranscriptional regulation of this gene under dynamic oocyte cumulus cell communication process. Abundance of mature GDF9 protein at 16 h was most consistently related with all oocyte development parameters.

10,21-Dimethyl-2,7,13,18-tetraphenyl-3,6,14,17-tetraazatricyclo[17.3.1.1]tetracosa-1(23),2,6,8(24),9,11,13,17,19,21-decaene-23,24-diol cyclohexane 0.33-solvate.

The title compound, C(46)H(40)N(4)O(2)·0.33C(6)H(12), was obtained unintentionally as a product of an attempted synthesis of a cadmium(II) complex of the [2,6-{PhSe(CH(2))(2)N=CPh}(2)C(6)H(2)(4-Me)(OH)] ligand. The full tetra-imino-diphenol macrocyclic ligand is generated by the application of an inversion centre. The macrocyclic ligand features strong intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The dihedral angles formed between the phenyl ring incorporated within the macrocycle and the peripheral phenyl rings are 82.99 (8) and 88.20 (8)°. The cyclo-hexane solvent mol-ecule lies about a site of [Formula: see text] symmetry. Other solvent within the lattice was disordered and was treated with the SQUEEZE routine [Spek (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148-155].