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Neuropharmacology ; 97: 251-8, 2015 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26032436

RESUMEN

Depression during pregnancy has been linked to in utero stress and is associated with long-lasting symptoms in offspring, including anxiety, helplessness, attentional deficits, and social withdrawal. Depression is diagnosed in 10-20% of expectant mothers, but the impact of antidepressant treatment on offspring development is not well documented, particularly for females. Here, we used a prenatal stress model of maternal depression to test the hypothesis that in utero antidepressant treatment could mitigate the effects of prenatal stress. We also investigated the effects of prenatal stress and antidepressant treatment on gene expression related to GABAergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in the amygdala, which may underlie behavioral effects of prenatal stress. Nulliparous female rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps delivering clinically-relevant concentrations of escitalopram and mated. Pregnant dams were exposed to 12 days of mixed-modality stressors, and offspring were behaviorally assessed in adolescence (postnatal day 28) and adulthood (beyond day 90) to determine the extent of behavioral change. We found that in utero stress exposure, regardless of escitalopram treatment, increased anxiety-like behavior in adolescent females and profoundly influenced amygdala expression of the chloride transporters KCC2 and NKCC1, which regulate GABAergic function. In contrast, prenatal escitalopram exposure alone elevated amygdala expression of 5-HT1A receptors. In adulthood, anxiety-like behavior returned to baseline and gene expression effects in the amygdala abated, whereas deficits emerged in novel object recognition for rats exposed to stress during gestation. These findings suggest prenatal stress causes age-dependent deficits in anxiety-like behavior and amygdala function in female offspring, regardless of antidepressant exposure.


Asunto(s)
Amígdala del Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Ansiedad/fisiopatología , Citalopram/farmacología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacología , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Amígdala del Cerebelo/efectos de los fármacos , Amígdala del Cerebelo/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Ansiedad/etiología , Corticosterona/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Estradiol/sangre , Femenino , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Trastornos de la Memoria/etiología , Trastornos de la Memoria/fisiopatología , Embarazo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1A/metabolismo , Miembro 2 de la Familia de Transportadores de Soluto 12/metabolismo , Estrés Psicológico/tratamiento farmacológico , Simportadores/metabolismo , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Cotransportadores de K Cl
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