CircRNAs: Pivotal modulators of TGF-ß signalling in cancer pathogenesis.

The intricate molecular landscape of cancer pathogenesis continues to captivate researchers worldwide, with Circular RNAs (circRNAs) emerging as pivotal players in the dynamic regulation of biological functions. The study investigates the elusive link between circRNAs and the Transforming Growth Factor-ß (TGF-ß) signalling pathway, exploring their collective influence on cancer progression and metastasis. Our comprehensive investigation begins by profiling circRNA expression patterns in diverse cancer types, revealing a repertoire of circRNAs intricately linked to the TGF-ß pathway. Through integrated bioinformatics analyses and functional experiments, we elucidate the specific circRNA-mRNA interactions that modulate TGF-ß signalling, unveiling the regulatory controls governing this crucial pathway. Furthermore, we provide compelling evidence of the impact of circRNA-mediated TGF-ß modulation on key cellular processes, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and cell proliferation. In addition to their mechanistic roles, circRNAs have shown promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential molecular targets for cancer therapy. Their ability to modulate critical pathways, such as the TGF-ß signalling axis, underscores their significance in cancer biology and clinical applications. The intricate interplay between circRNAs and TGF-ß is dissected, uncovering novel regulatory circuits that contribute to the complexity of cancer biology. This review unravels a previously unexplored dimension of carcinogenesis, emphasizing the crucial role of circRNAs in shaping the TGF-ß signalling landscape.

From nature to therapy: Luteolin's potential as an immune system modulator in inflammatory disorders.

Inflammation is an essential immune response that helps fight infections and heal tissues. However, chronic inflammation has been linked to several diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. This has increased interest in finding natural substances that can modulate the immune system inflammatory signaling pathways to prevent or treat these diseases. Luteolin is a flavonoid found in many fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects by altering signaling pathways in immune cells. This review article discusses the current research on luteolin's role as a natural immune system modulator of inflammatory signaling mechanisms, such as its effects on nuclear factor-kappa B, mitogen-activated protein kinases, Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription, and inflammasome signaling processes. The safety profile of luteolin and its potential therapeutic uses in conditions linked to inflammation are also discussed. Overall, the data point to Luteolin's intriguing potential as a natural regulator of immune system inflammatory signaling processes. More research is needed to fully understand its mechanisms of action and possible therapeutic applications.

Glaucoma in Adults-diagnosis, Management, and Prediagnosis to End-stage, Categorizing Glaucoma's Stages: A Review.

Importance: Most frequent worldwide cause of permanent blindness is glaucoma. Early in the course of the disease, glaucoma affects many patients without any symptoms. In order to examine for indications of glaucoma and to ascertain whether systemic illnesses or drugs can raise a patient's risk of developing glaucoma, primary care practitioners should be aware of which patients to send to an eye care specialist. A review of the pathogenesis, risk factors, screening, disease monitoring, and treatment options for open-angle and narrow-angle glaucoma are included. Observations: The optic nerve and retinal nerve fiber layer (rNFL) are damaged in glaucoma, a chronic, progressive optic neuropathy that can result in a permanent loss of peripheral or central vision. The only risk factor that is known to be controllable is intraocular pressure (IOP). A family history of glaucoma, older age, and non-white race are additional significant risk factors. Numerous systemic diseases and drugs, such as corticosteroids, anticholinergics, certain antidepressants, and topiramate, can put people at risk of developing glaucoma. Open-angle and angle-closure glaucoma are the two main types of disease. Measurement of IOP, perimetry, and optical coherence tomography are diagnostic procedures to evaluate glaucoma and track the course of the condition. In order to treat glaucoma, IOP must be decreased. This is possible with a variety of glaucoma medication classes, laser surgery, and incisional surgery. Verdicts and relevance: By identifying systemic illnesses and drugs that raise a patient's chance of developing glaucoma and referring high-risk individuals for a thorough ophthalmologic examination, vision loss from glaucoma can be reduced. Clinicians should make sure that patients continue taking their glaucoma drugs as prescribed and should keep an eye out for any negative side effects from any medical or surgical procedures used to treat glaucoma. How to cite this article: Joshi P, Dangwal A, Guleria I, et al. Glaucoma in Adults-diagnosis, Management, and Prediagnosis to End-stage, categorizing Glaucoma's Stages: A Review. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2022;16(3):170-178.