The Microtubule-Associated Protein CLASP Sustains Cell Proliferation through a Brassinosteroid Signaling Negative Feedback Loop.

The capacity for sustained cell division within the plant meristem is a critical determinant of organ structure and performance. This capacity is diminished in mutants lacking the microtubule-associated protein CLASP and when brassinosteroid signaling is increased. Here, we discovered that CLASP is both targeted by and promotes activity of the brassinosteroid pathway in Arabidopsis root apical meristems. We show that enhanced brassinosteroid signaling reduces CLASP transcript and protein levels, dramatically shifts microtubule organization, and reduces the number of cells in the meristem. In turn, CLASP, which tethers sorting nexin 1 vesicles to microtubules, sustains brassinosteroid signaling by fostering retrieval of endocytosed BRI1 receptors to the plasma membrane. clasp-1 null mutants have dampened brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated transcriptional activity and responses. Global transcript profiling confirmed the collapse of cell-cycle activity in clasp-1 and identified CLASP-mediated hormone crosstalk. Together, these findings reveal an unprecedented form of negative feedback supporting meristem homeostasis.

Trafficking of the myrosinase-associated protein GLL23 requires NUC/MVP1/GOLD36/ERMO3 and the p24 protein CYB.

Proteins detrimental to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) morphology need to be efficiently exported. Here, we identify two mechanisms that control trafficking of Arabidopsis thalianaGLL23, a 43 kDa GDSL-like lipase implicated in glucosinolate metabolism through its association with the ß-glucosidase myrosinase. Using immunofluorescence, we identified two mutants that showed aberrant accumulation of GLL23: large perinuclear ER aggregates in the nuclear cage (nuc) mutant; and small compartments contiguous with the peripheral ER in the cytoplasmic bodies (cyb) mutant. Live imaging of fluorescently tagged GLL23 confirmed its presence in the nuc and cyb compartments, but lack of fluorescent signals in the wild-type plants suggested that GLL23 is normally post-translationally modified for ER export. NUC encodes the MVP1/GOLD36/ERMO3 myrosinase-associated protein, previously shown to have vacuolar distribution. CYB is an ER and Golgi-localized p24 type I membrane protein component of coat protein complex (COP) vesicles, animal and yeast homologues of which are known to be involved in selective cargo sorting for ER-Golgi export. Without NUC, GLL23 accumulates in the ER this situation suggests that NUC is in fact active in the ER. Without CYB, both GLL23 and NUC were found to accumulate in cyb compartments, consistent with a role for NUC in GLL23 processing and indicated that GLL23 is the likely sorting target of the CYB p24 protein.