RESUMEN
The transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) plays a critical role in stress, immune, and inflammatory responses, and the modulation of its activity can be a potentially effective preventive strategy for controlling certain diseases. Cereal grains contain phenolic compounds in concentrations comparable to those in fruits and vegetables, well-known for their beneficial effect on human health. In this study we aimed to examine the effect of different phenolic extracts from barley, oat, wheat, and buckwheat on the modulation of basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NF-kappaB activity and elucidate the role of phenolic acids in this modulation. Three extracts were prepared: extracts of free phenolic compounds (M1), extracts of free phenolic acids (M2), and extracts of bound phenolic acids (HY). Generally, extracts M2 showed the highest effect on modulation of NF-kappaB activity with strong inhibition of LPS-induced NF-kappaB activity at all concentrations and of the basal NF-kappaB activity at concentrations equal to or lower than 3 mg/mL. Most of extracts M1 and HY slightly increased both the basal and the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation. However, at the highest concentrations (3 or 15 mg/mL) extracts HY inhibited LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation. Similar experiments with standard solutions of phenolic acids indicated their ability to modulate the NF-kappaB activity.
Asunto(s)
Regulación hacia Abajo , Grano Comestible/química , Hidroxibenzoatos/farmacología , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Hidroxibenzoatos/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
We demonstrated that IS1245 is not present in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by restriction fragment length polymorphism and that the designated three-banded bird pattern of IS1245 in M. avium subsp. avium consists of one copy of IS1245 and two copies of IS1311. Cross hybridization between the two elements can be avoided by using more specific probes.