RESUMEN
Adipose tissues serve as an energy reservoir and endocrine organ, yet the mechanisms that coordinate these functions remain elusive. Here, we show that the transcriptional coregulators, YAP and TAZ, uncouple fat mass from leptin levels and regulate adipocyte plasticity to maintain metabolic homeostasis. Activating YAP/TAZ signalling in adipocytes by deletion of the upstream regulators Lats1 and Lats2 results in a profound reduction in fat mass by converting mature adipocytes into delipidated progenitor-like cells, but does not cause lipodystrophy-related metabolic dysfunction, due to a paradoxical increase in circulating leptin levels. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that YAP/TAZ-TEAD signalling upregulates leptin expression by directly binding to an upstream enhancer site of the leptin gene. We further show that YAP/TAZ activity is associated with, and functionally required for, leptin regulation during fasting and refeeding. These results suggest that adipocyte Hippo-YAP/TAZ signalling constitutes a nexus for coordinating adipose tissue lipid storage capacity and systemic energy balance through the regulation of adipocyte plasticity and leptin gene transcription.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales , Adipocitos , Tejido Adiposo , Metabolismo Energético , Vía de Señalización Hippo , Leptina , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas , Transducción de Señal , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP , Animales , Leptina/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinasas/metabolismo , Ratones , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Proteínas Coactivadoras Transcripcionales con Motivo de Unión a PDZ/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Proteínas Supresoras de Tumor/genética , Transactivadores/metabolismo , Transactivadores/genéticaRESUMEN
The efficacy of EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is significantly limited by various resistance mechanisms to those drugs. The resistance to EGFR-TKI is largely divided by two classes; acquired resistance after EGFR-TKI treatment, and primary resistance marked by cancer cell's dependence on other oncogene, such as KRAS. YAP has emerged as critical oncogene in conferring drug resistance against targeted therapy. In this study, we evaluated the role of YAP in primary and acquired EGFR-TKI resistance using gefitinib-resistant A549 and PC9 cells and their parental cell lines. Our study revealed that EGFR-TKI resistance is associated with enhanced YAP activity. Notably, YAP activation was independent of the Hippo pathway. We confirmed that AXL is a downstream target of YAP that confers EGFR-TKI resistance. And our results showed that YAP can induce ERK activation in lung adenocarcinoma. The combination of YAP inhibition with EGFR-TKI overcomes primary and acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. We also found increased YAP expression in human lung cancer after acquiring EGFR-TKI resistance. Collectively, we suggest a novel EGFR-TKI resistance mechanism involving YAP activation and suggest targeting YAP and EGFR simultaneously may be a breakthrough treatment of primary and acquired EGFR-TKI resistant lung cancer.
