Characteristics and genesis of high-quality metasilicate mineral water in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province.

Drinking natural mineral water often contains minerals and trace elements essential for human beings, such as strontium and silicon. As people's quality of life improves, so do their requirements for drinking water. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and develop high-quality groundwater that is rich in metasilicate and other minerals. The aim of this study is to reveal the distribution pattern and causes of high-quality metasilicate-rich groundwater in Liaocheng City through scientific methods, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rational development and protection of mineral water resources. The results shown that Dong'e County was the main concentration area of high-quality metasilicate mineral water in Liaocheng City. The main reason for its high concentration of metasilicic acid was due to water-rock interaction. There was bedrock fissure water in the underlying water supply rock groups in Dong'e County, and the reaction between the metasilicate minerals in the rock groups and water was the main source of metasilicic acid. In addition, the development of fissures in the area provided a good storage and conductivity system for the enrichment of metasilicic acid in groundwater. Based on the analysis of hydrogeological conditions and the mechanism of formation of enriched areas, the enriched areas were divided into developable areas, protected and restricted development areas, and restricted development areas. The results of the study can lay a theoretical foundation for the systematic and scientific development, utilization, and protection of high-quality metasilicate mineral water in Liaocheng City.

High-Temperature-Resistant Dual-Scale Ceramic Nanofiber Films toward Improved Air Filtration.

Currently, air pollution primarily arises from industrial emissions, coal combustion, and automobile exhaust, posing significant challenges for mitigation. This highlights the urgent need for advanced and efficient filtration materials with low pressure drop and high-temperature resistance. Traditionally, improving filtration property has involved increasing the thickness of the filtration materials, which consequently leads to higher costs. Here, dual-scale mullite nanofiber (MNF) films containing interwoven thick nanofibers (606 nm) and thin nanofibers (186 nm) are prepared using solution blow spinning. The dual-scale structure design enables the films to maintain a low pressure drop while achieving high filtration efficiency. At an airflow velocity of 5.3 cm s-1, the films with an areal density of 3.8 mg cm-2, achieve a filtration efficiency of 98.23% and a pressure drop of 141 Pa for PM0.3. In addition, the MNF films exhibit excellent flexibility and high-temperature resistance, making them have great potential for use in high-temperature flue gas filtration.

Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino Affects Autophagy and Improves Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Through TXNIP-Mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway.

TXNIP is closely associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino (GP), a perennial herb with five leaves, is considered to have medicinal values. However, it is unknown whether GP alleviates DPN by modulating TXNIP-mediated autophagy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GP on Schwann cell injury during DPN and to investigate the mechanism of GP in DPN for the first time. High-fat diet-fed GK rats and high-glucose-cultured RSC96 cells were used to establish DPN models. The effects of GP on DPN were investigated by blood glucose assay, neurological function assay, pathology assay, and immunohistochemistry. To investigate the effect of GP on autophagy and upstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in Schwann cells, Western blot and immunofluorescence assay were performed on RSC96 cells to detect the expression of beclin-1 and LC3. Western blot method was used to detect the expression of PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR, and RT-qPCR method and was used to detect the expression of PI3K. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The effects of TXNIP on the above indicators were also detected in RSC96 cells. Finally, the mechanism of GP regulation of autophagy and apoptosis in RSC96 cells was verified. GP reduced blood glucose level, attenuated peripheral nerve myelin damage, and improved nerve function in DPN rats. In addition, GP enhanced autophagy activity and reduced apoptosis in RSC96 cells. GP promoted autophagy by regulating TXNIP-mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, and GP reduced apoptosis in RSC96 cells by promoting cellular autophagy. GP attenuates DPN myelin damage in RSC96 cells by enhancing autophagy, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway by up-regulating the expression of TXNIP.

The spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and influencing factors of habitat quality in the typical region of the Lunan Economic Belt: a case study of Donggang District, Rizhao.

Habitat quality is a key indicator for evaluating the biodiversity of a region. This study aims to assess the current status and characteristic changes of habitat quality in Donggang District, Rizhao while analyzing the potential factors influencing the quality of the habitat. The study employed the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs Habitat Quality (InVEST-HQ) mode to assess the spatiotemporal variations in habitat quality in the Donggang District from 2008 to 2022. GeoDetector was utilized to investigate the impact of various factors on the spatial differentiation characteristics of habitat quality. The potential correlation between economic development and habitat quality was further explored using the Spearman correlation coefficient and Grayscale Association Analysis. The results reveal that habitat quality in Donggang District is highest in the east and lowest in the west, with significant correlations to land use and vegetation coverage. The study highlights a decline in habitat quality over the period, linked to rapid economic growth and industrial expansion. These insights are crucial for balancing urban biodiversity with economic development.

Response Patterns of Acoustic Wave Characteristics to Reservoir Petrophysical Parameters in Different Bedding Directions: A Case Study of Low- and Middle-Rank Coals in Xinjiang, China.

The physical properties of coal reservoirs, important parameters for evaluating the production potential of coalbed methane (CBM) resources, can be assessed nondestructively and in real-time using acoustic wave technology. In this study, we collected 48 low- and middle-rank coal samples oriented in different bedding directions from seven typical coal mines, encompassing the Zhunan, Tuha, and Kuqa-Bay coalfields in Xinjiang, China. We clarified the characteristics of the physical parameters (apparent density, fracture, porosity, and permeability) and acoustic wave of coal variations through acoustic wave, porosity, and permeability experiments, revealing the response law of acoustic wave characteristics to the physical parameters of coal. The results indicated that the acoustic wave velocity and dynamic elastic modulus (E d) of coal samples oriented in the perpendicular bedding direction are larger than those oriented in the parallel bedding direction; however, the dynamic Poisson's ratio (µd) of coal samples oriented in different bedding directions does not significantly differ. The existence of fractures significantly reduces the acoustic wave velocity and E d of the coal. The greater the apparent density of coal, the tighter its structure, resulting in a faster acoustic wave velocity. The larger the porosity of coal, the greater its internal voids, leading to a more pronounced attenuation of acoustic energy and a slower acoustic wave velocity. The more developed and interconnected the bedding fractures of coal bodies oriented in the parallel bedding direction, the higher their permeability, resulting in a smaller decrease in acoustic wave velocity. Conversely, the more developed the bedding fractures of coal bodies oriented in the perpendicular bedding direction, the more pronounced their attenuation of acoustic wave velocity. Finally, the regression equations for E d with the square of P-wave velocity (V P 2) and µd with the square ratio of V P to S-wave velocity (V P 2/V S 2) were established for coal. The study findings can help evaluate and predict the reservoir quality of coal seams, assess CBM, and improve the safety and efficiency of its extraction.

Pneumocystis pneumonia in stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma with immune-related acute kidney injury and thoracic radiotherapy: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are therapeutic agents for advanced and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high clinical antitumor efficacy. However, immune-related adverse events occur in 20% of these patients and often requiring treatment with immunosuppressive agents, such as corticosteroids. Consequently, this may increase the risk of patients to opportunistic infections. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), a rare but serious opportunistic infection typically observed in patients with human immunodeficiency virus, can also occur in cancer patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid treatment. CASE SUMMARY: We report a case of a 56-year-old male with squamous NSCLC treated with triplimab combined with paclitaxel, carboplatin, and radical thoracic radiation therapy. Following this regimen, he developed acute kidney injury (AKI) with elevated creatinine levels. After concurrent radical chemoradiotherapy ended, he developed a grade 3 immune-related AKI. High-dose corticosteroids were administered to treat AKI, and renal function gradually recovered. Corticosteroids were reduced to a dose of 10 mg prednisone equivalent daily eight weeks later; however, he developed severe pneumonia with spontaneous pneumothorax. Next-generation sequencing of the bronchoscopic lavage revealed PJP co-infection with herpes simplex virus 1 and cytomegalovirus. The inflammation was more severe in areas exposed to radiation. Piperacillin-tazobactam, acyclovir, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim were used to control the infection. The patient recovered, and immunotherapy was terminated. CONCLUSION: PJP is rare but can occur in patients with ICI adverse events and should be differentiated from tumor progression or immune-related adverse events. Thoracic radiation may increase risk, necessitating careful monitoring and prevention.

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bocavirus in wild rodents in urban areas of Guangzhou, Southern China.

Members of the genus Bocaparvovirus have a significant impact on human health and can infect a wide range of hosts, increasing the likelihood of crossing species barriers. Among the various mammalian hosts, rodents are widely recognized as important reservoirs for emerging and zoonotic viruses. However, despite recent reports of bocavirus infections in rodents, our current understanding of rat bocavirus (RBoV) genetic diversity and evolution is limited. In this study, rodent samples were collected from the urban areas of Guangzhou city, Southern China, to investigate the presence and genetic diversity of RBoV. Through PCR-based screening of 296 rodent spleens, 54 samples were determined to be positive for RBoV infection, and 12 nearly complete genome sequences of RBoV were recovered. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct lineages and sub-lineages of RBoV, and six recombination events with strong statistical support were identified, with five of these events involving sequences obtained from this study. These results highlight the genetic diversity of RBoV circulating in rodents in Guangzhou city and emphasize the importance of extensive surveillance to gain a better understanding of RBoV epidemiology, evolutionary characteristics, and potential for cross-species transmission.

Spatial distribution of maternal factors in pig mature oocytes.

It is known that asymmetrical maternal transcripts play an important role in the cell fate of the early embryo, but few studies are available in mammal oocytes especially in pig. To investigate the spatial factors in pig oocytes, the oriented bisection was established for collecting karyoplasts (NSOs) and cytoplasts (SSOs) with more than 95% efficiency. Subsequently, RNA-Seq and LC-MS/MS analysis were performed on NSOs and SSOs. Although no differentially expressed genes (DEGs) could be detected between NSOs and SSOs, 89 of the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected, that 58 proteins higher expressed but 31 proteins lower expressed in NSOs compared with SSOs. These DEPs mainly participated in the 'cell cycle' and 'ribosome' pathway, while the up-regulated DEPs were mainly GO in 'spindle' and 'positive regulation of translation', and the down-regulated DEPs were in 'cytosolic small ribosomal subunit' and 'mRNA binding'. The up-regulated DEP SIRT5 which are related to the regulation of gene expression, epigenetic were further detected and revealed. A spatial asymmetry of maternal factors at the protein level was firstly detected in pig mature oocytes.

Case report: A case of widespread soft tissue infection and multiple abscesses secondary to hidradenitis suppurativa inducing septic shock caused by Lawsonella clevelandensis in China.

Lawsonella clevelandensis is rare to associated with human infection, which may cause abscesses in abdominal cavity, liver, breast, and spine. Lawsonella clevelandensis is very difficult to be cultivated in regular manner; detection of 16S rRNA sequence is the main evidence for L. clevelandensis infection. The clinical manifestations of L. clevelandensis infection resemble other agents of Nocardia, Tuberculosis and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) due to their morphologic similarities. Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, which affects the intertriginous skin and is associated with numerous systemic comorbidities. HS eventually leads to severe pain, multiple abscesses, pus discharge, and irreversible tissue destruction. Lawsonella clevelandensis has not been reported to cause HS and systemic comorbidities. We presented the case of a 33-year-old male with widespread soft tissue infection and multiple abscesses secondary to HS (Hurley stage III) inducing septic shock caused by L. clevelandensis in China. He was diagnosed as HS and treated with intravenous antibiotic empirically. He developed multiple abscesses including lung and scrota. Bacterial and fungal cultures on blood and secretions from multiple skin lesions were all negative. Due to the misdiagnosis and progression of disease, the patient was transferred to intensive care unit, and he underwent drainage of the chest and right hemothorax removal under thoracoscopic. During the hospitalization, the patient developed septic shock and received mechanical ventilation. Computerized tomography (CT) scans revealed mediastinal emphysema, multiple subcutaneous emphysema, and severe pneumonia. Gene analysis of samples of incision and drainage of pus at the skin showed the rare infection of L. clevelandensis. Finally, the patients with recurrent soft tissue infections and multiple abscesses with negative microbiological culture results recovered after effective abscess drainage and antibiotic therapy. We suggested that NGS is a crucial supplementary diagnostic tool in individuals with recurrent skin infections and multiple abscesses, especially when conventional diagnostic methods are inconclusive.

Precise management and control around the landfill integrating artificial intelligence and groundwater pollution risks.

The Landfill plays an important role in urban development and waste disposal. However, landfill leachate may also bring more serious pollution and health risks to the surrounding groundwater environment. Compared with other areas, the area around the landfill needs more precise management. To solve this problem, based on the "pressure-state-response" framework, a method for the identification and evaluation of groundwater pollution around the landfill was constructed. The LPI method was used to assess the contamination potential of the leachate. The comprehensive quality of groundwater was evaluated by the entropy-AHP water quality assessment method, sodium adsorption ratio and sodium percentage. The probabilistic health risks of groundwater were assessed based on a Monte Carlo algorithm. The sources of pollutants were identified by comprehensively using the PCA-APCS-MLR model and the PMF model. Finally, the self-organizing map algorithm and the Kmeans algorithm were integrated to enhance the precision of groundwater management and control measures. The results showed that the leachate of the landfill was in the mature stage, and the concentration of inorganic substances was relatively high. Leachate had the potential to contaminate surrounding groundwater. The groundwater quality of 68.14% of the study area was in the poor or lower level. The groundwater near the landfill was unsuitable not only for drinking but also for irrigation purposes. Cl- was the main non-carcinogenic risk factor. Reducing pollutant concentration and controlling exposure time are effective strategies for mitigating health risks caused by high-concentration pollutants (Cl-, NO3-) and low-concentration pollutants (F-), respectively. The groundwater around the landfill was jointly affected by six pollution sources. The PMF model has better analytical ability in mixed pollution areas. The groundwater in the study area was divided into five clusters, of which cluster Ⅰ was significantly affected by leachate, and cluster Ⅴ had the lowest pollution and health risk.

The mechanism of cancer-depression comorbidity.

Cancer and depression are closely interrelated, particularly in patients with advanced cancer, who often present with comorbid anxiety and depression for various reasons. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the study of depression in cancer patients, with the aim of assessing the possible triggers, predictors, adverse events, and possible treatment options for depression in several common cancers. The objective of this narrative review is to synthesize the extant literature on the relationship between the occurrence and progression of depression in several common patient categories. The authors conducted a comprehensive review of 75 articles published in PubMed over the past five years. This review was further evaluated in the present paper. Ultimately, it was determined that depression is a prevalent and detrimental phenomenon among cancer patients, particularly those with advanced disease. Consequently, there is a pressing need to prioritize research and interventions aimed at improving the quality of life and psychosocial well-being of cancer patients, including those with advanced disease. The relationship between cancer and depression has been evolving dynamically in recent times. The current research findings indicate a strong association between cancer and depression. However, the direction of causality remains unclear. Focusing on depression in cancer patients may, therefore, be beneficial for these patients.

Injectable Nanorobot-Hydrogel Superstructure for Hemostasis and Anticancer Therapy of Spinal Metastasis.

Surgery remains the standard treatment for spinal metastasis. However, uncontrolled intraoperative bleeding poses a significant challenge for adequate surgical resection and compromises surgical outcomes. In this study, we develop a thrombin (Thr)-loaded nanorobot-hydrogel hybrid superstructure by incorporating nanorobots into regenerated silk fibroin nanofibril hydrogels. This superstructure with superior thixotropic properties is injected percutaneously and dispersed into the spinal metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with easy bleeding characteristics, before spinal surgery in a mouse model. Under near-infrared irradiation, the self-motile nanorobots penetrate into the deep spinal tumor, releasing Thr in a controlled manner. Thr-induced thrombosis effectively blocks the tumor vasculature and reduces bleeding, inhibiting tumor growth and postoperative recurrence with Au nanorod-mediated photothermal therapy. Our minimally invasive treatment platform provides a novel preoperative therapeutic strategy for HCC spinal metastasis effectively controlling intraoperative bleeding and tumor growth, with potentially reduced surgical complications and enhanced operative outcomes.

Prognostic factors for esophageal respiratory fistula in unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with radiotherapy.

Limited studies have focused on the prognostic factors of esophageal respiratory fistula (ERF) associated with radiotherapy in patients with unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Between January 1st, 2014 and January 1st, 2021, we included patients who were initially diagnosed with unresectable ESCC and underwent radiotherapy. All patients were followed up for a period of 2 years after completing their radiotherapy treatment. The primary outcomes of the study were defined as death or severe adverse events. The survival curves of ERF were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was employed to calculated the prognostic factors. A cohort of 232 patients underwent radiotherapy, of whom 32 patients experienced ERF. The median period from initial diagnosis of ESCC to ERF was 5.75 months, and the median period from ERF to the primary outcome was 4.6 weeks. Neck + upper chest location (odds ratio [OR] 3.305), high T stage (OR 1.765), esophageal stenosis (OR 1.073), high neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR 1.384) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) (OR 1.765) were risk factors for the occurrence of ERF. Cox regression analysis suggested that tumor location (hazards ratio [HR] 3.572, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.467-5.1), high T stage (HR 4.050, 95% CI 2.812-5.831), esophageal stenosis (HR 2.643, 95% CI 1.753-3.983), high PLR (HR 2.541, 95% CI 1.868-3.177) were independent prognostic factors for poor survival. Esophageal stenosis, neck + upper chest tumor location, high T stage and PLR predicted the prognosis of ERF in ESCC patients undergoing radiotherapy.

Comparative genome-wide association study on body weight in Chinese native ducks using four models.

The Jinling White duck represents a newly developed breed characterized by a rapid growth rate and a superior meat quality, offering significant economic value and research potential; however, the genetic basis underlying their body weight traits remains less understood. Here, we performed whole-genome resequencing for 201 diverse Jinling White male ducks and conducted population genomic analyses, suggesting a rich genetic diversity within the Jinling White duck population. Equipped with our genomic resources, we applied genome-wide association analysis for body weight on birth (BWB), body weight on 1 wk (BW1), body weight on 3 wk (BW3), body weight on 5 wk (BW5) and body weight on 7 wk (BW7) using 4 statistical models. Comparative studies indicated that factored spectrally transformed linear mixed models (FaST-LMM) demonstrated the most superior efficiency, yielding more results with the minimal false positives. We discovered that PUS7, FBXO11, FOXN2, MSH6, and SLC4A4 were associated with BWB. RAG2, and TMEFF2 were candidate genes for BW1, and STARD13, Klotho, ZAR1L are likely candidates for BW3 and BW5. PLXNC1, ATP1A1, CD58, FRYL, OCIAD1, and OCIAD2 were linked to BW7. These findings provide a genetic reference for the selection and breeding of Jinling White ducks, while also deepened our understanding of Growth and development phenotypic in ducks.

Application progress of nanocellulose in food packaging: A review.

With the increasing environmental and ecological problems caused by petroleum-based packaging materials, the focus has gradually shifted to natural resources for the preparation of functional food packaging materials. In addition to biodegradable properties, nanocellulose (NC) mechanical properties, and rich surface chemistry are also fascinating and desired to be one of the most probable green packaging materials. In this review, we firstly introduce the recent progress of novel applications of NC in food packaging, including intelligent packaging, nano(bio)sensors, and nano-paper; secondly, we focus on the modification techniques of NC to summarize the properties (antimicrobial, mechanical, hydrophobic, antioxidant, and so on) that are required for food packaging, to expand the new synthetic methods and application areas. After presenting all the latest advances related to material design and sustainable applications, an overview summarizing the safety of NC is presented to promote a continuous and healthy movement of NC toward the field of truly sustainable packaging.

Activated allograft combined with induced menbrane technique for the reconstruction of infected segmental bone defects.

This study was desinged to evaluate the efficacy and safety of activated allograft combined with the induced membrane technique for reconstruction of infected segment bone defects of lower limbs. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 19 patients from May 2015 to February 2017. After debridements, the bone defects were filled with antibiotic bone cement to form the induced membrane. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto allografts to construct activated allograft, which was implanted into the induced membrane after infection was controlled. The clinical efficacy and complications were observed. 19 patients with 20 infected segment bone defect were evaluated. The average deficit size was 11.08 (4-17) cm in length. After a mean follow-up of 71.84 (61-82) months, bone union was achieved in 16 patients (17 sites), resulting in a final union rate of 84.21% (16/19 patients). The average bone union time was 10.18 (5-28) months. There were 2 patients with recurrence of infection, 3 patients with graft absorption, and 1 patient with malunion due to implant breakage. There were no graft-related complications. This study provides clinical significance for the treatment of patients with insufficient autologous bone.

The ameliorative mechanism of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NJAU-01 against D-galactose induced oxidative stress: a hepatic proteomics and gut microbiota analysis.

Probiotic intervention is an effective strategy to alleviate oxidative stress-related diseases. Our previous studies found that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NJAU-01 (NJAU-01) exhibited antioxidant effects in a D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging mouse model. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be unveiled. This study was aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect and mechanism of NJAU-01 against oxidative stress induced by D-gal. The results showed that NJAU-01 could reverse the tendency of a slow body weight gain induced by D-gal. NJAU-01 relieved hepatic oxidative stress via increasing the hepatic total antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT). Moreover, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was reversed after NJAU-01 supplementation. The proteomic results showed that there were 201 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between NJAU-01 and D-gal groups. NJAU-01 regulated the expressions of glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 (Gstm5), glutathione S-transferase P2 (Gstp2) and NADH dehydrogenase 1α subcomplex subunit 7 (Ndufa7) related to oxidative stress, and autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) and plasma alpha-L-fucosidase (Fuca2) involved in autophagy, etc. 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that NJAU-01 supplementation could regulate the gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by D-gal via increasing the relative abundances of the phylum Firmicutes and the genus Lactobacillus and reducing the relative abundances of the phylum Bacteroidetes and the genera Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group as well as Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, etc.. Spearman correlation analysis results showed that the altered gut microbiota composition had a significant correlation with antioxidant enzyme activities and the DEPs related to oxidative stress. Overall, NJAU-01 alleviated hepatic oxidative stress induced by D-gal via manipulating the gut microbiota composition and hepatic protein expression profile.

Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection and Accurate Early Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer.

Ovarian cancer (OC) has the highest mortality rate among malignant tumors, primarily because it is difficult to diagnose early. Exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle rich in parental information, have garnered significant attention in the field of cancer diagnosis and treatment. They play an important regulatory role in the occurrence, development, and metastasis of OC. Consequently, exosomes have emerged as noninvasive biomarkers for early cancer detection. Therefore, identifying cancer-derived exosomes may offer a novel biomarker for the early detection of OC. In this study, we developed a metal-organic frameworks assembled "double hook"-type aptamer electrochemical sensor, which enables accurate early diagnosis of OC. Under optimal experimental conditions, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technology demonstrated a good linear relationship within the concentration range of 31-3.1 × 106 particles per microliter, with a detection limit as low as 12 particles per microliter. The universal exosome detection platform is constructed, and this platform can not only differentiate between high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) patients and healthy individuals but also distinguish between HGSOC patients and nonhigh-grade serous OC (non-HGSOC). Consequently, it provides a novel strategy for the early diagnosis of OC and holds great significance in clinical differential diagnosis.

Development of a CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated aptasensor for Mpox virus antigen detection.

The emergence and rapid spread of Mpox (formerly monkeypox) have caused significant societal challenges. Adequate and appropriate diagnostics procedures are an urgent necessity. Herein, we discover a pair of aptamers through the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) that exhibit high affinity and bind to different sites towards the A29 protein of the Mpox virus. Subsequently, we propose a facile, sensitive, convenient CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated aptasensor for detecting the A29 antigen. The procedure employs the bivalent aptamers recognition, which induces the formation of a proximity switch probe and initiates subsequent cascade strand displacement reactions, then triggers CRISPR/Cas12a DNA trans-cleavage to achieve the sensitive detection of Mpox. Our method enables selective and ultrasensitive evaluation of the A29 protein within the range of 1 ng mL-1 to 1 µg mL-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) at 0.28 ng mL-1. Moreover, spiked A29 protein recovery exceeds 96.9%, while the detection activity remains above 91.9% after six months of storage at 4 °C. This aptasensor provides a novel avenue for exploring clinical diagnosis in cases involving Mpox as facilitating development in various analyte sensors.

Continuous and low-carbon production of biomass flash graphene.

Flash Joule heating (FJH) is an emerging and profitable technology for converting inexhaustible biomass into flash graphene (FG). However, it is challenging to produce biomass FG continuously due to the lack of an integrated device. Furthermore, the high-carbon footprint induced by both excessive energy allocation for massive pyrolytic volatiles release and carbon black utilization in alternating current-FJH (AC-FJH) reaction exacerbates this challenge. Here, we create an integrated automatic system with energy requirement-oriented allocation to achieve continuous biomass FG production with a much lower carbon footprint. The programmable logic controller flexibly coordinated the FJH modular components to realize the turnover of biomass FG production. Furthermore, we propose pyrolysis-FJH nexus to achieve biomass FG production. Initially, we utilize pyrolysis to release biomass pyrolytic volatiles, and subsequently carry out the FJH reaction to focus on optimizing the FG structure. Importantly, biochar with appropriate resistance is self-sufficient to initiate the FJH reaction. Accordingly, the medium-temperature biochar-based FG production without carbon black utilization exhibited low carbon emission (1.9 g CO2-eq g-1 graphene), equivalent to a reduction of up to ~86.1% compared to biomass-based FG production. Undoubtedly, this integrated automatic system assisted by pyrolysis-FJH nexus can facilitate biomass FG into a broad spectrum of applications.