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This study aims to explore the effect of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma(LFSMR), a drug pair possesses the function of nourishing Yin, promoting blood circulation, and brightening the eyes, in treating retinitis pigmentosa(RP)by inhibiting the gliosis of Müller cells(MCs) and inducing their reprogramming and differentiation into various types of retinal nerve cells. Twelve C57 mice were used as the normal control group, and 48 transgenic RP(rd10) mice were randomly divided into the model group, positive control group, and low and high dose LFSMR groups, with 12 mice in each group. HE staining was used to detect pathological changes in the retina, and an electroretinogram was used to detect retinal function. Retinal optical coherence tomography was used to detect retinal thickness and perform fundus photography, and laser speckle perfusion imaging was used to detect local retinal blood flow. Digital PCR was used to detect gene expression related to retinal nerve cells, and immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expression related to retinal nerve cells. LFSMR could significantly improve the pathological changes, increase the amplitude of a and b waves, increase the retinal thickness, restore retinal damage, and increase retinal blood flow in mice with RP lesions. LFSMR could also significantly inhibit the m RNA expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein( GFAP) during the pathogenesis of RP and upregulate m RNA expression of sex determining region Y box protein 2(SOX2), paired box protein 6(Pax6),rhodopsin, protein kinase C-α(PKCα), syntaxin, and thymic cell antigen 1. 1(Thy1. 1). LFSMR could significantly inhibit GFAP protein expression and enhance protein expression of SOX2, Pax6, rhodopsin, PKCα, syntaxin, and Thy1. 1. It could also reverse the pathological changes in the retina of rd10 mice, improve retinal function and fundus performance, increase retinal thickness, enhance local retinal blood flow, and exert therapeutic effects on RP. The mechanism of action of LFSMR may be related to inhibiting the gliosis of MCs and promoting their reprogramming and differentiation into various types of retinal nerve cells.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Células Ependimogliales , Lycium , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Retinitis Pigmentosa , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Animales , Ratones , Células Ependimogliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Ependimogliales/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/administración & dosificación , Lycium/química , Retinitis Pigmentosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Retinitis Pigmentosa/genética , Retinitis Pigmentosa/metabolismo , Retinitis Pigmentosa/fisiopatología , Salvia miltiorrhiza/química , Masculino , Retina/efectos de los fármacos , Rizoma/química , HumanosRESUMEN
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and viscosity play vital roles in the cellular environment as signaling molecule and microenvironment parameter, respectively, and are associated with many physiological and pathological processes in biological systems. We developed a near-infrared fluorescent probe, CQ, which performed colorimetric and ratiometric detection of H2O2 and viscosity based on the FRET mechanism, and was capable of monitoring changes in viscosity and H2O2 levels simultaneously through two different channels. Based on the specific reaction of H2O2 with borate ester, CQ exhibited a significant ratiometric response to H2O2 with a large Stokes shift of 221 nm, a detection limit of 0.87 µM, a near-infrared emission wavelength of 671 nm, a response time of 1 h, a wide detection ranges of 0.87-800 µM and a high energy transfer efficiency of 99.9 %. CQ could also recognize viscosity by the TICT mechanism, and efficiently detect viscosity changes caused by food thickeners. More importantly, CQ could successfully detect endogenous/exogenous H2O2 and viscosity in live HeLa cells, which was expected to be a practical tool for detecting H2O2 and viscosity in live cells.
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Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Peróxido de Hidrógeno , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/análisis , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Humanos , Células HeLa , Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia/métodos , Viscosidad , Rayos Infrarrojos , Límite de Detección , Supervivencia CelularRESUMEN
Cured Spanish mackerel has a promising market owing to its nutritious nature as well as ease of transportation and preservation. However, the nutritional and flavor formation mechanism of Spanish mackerel after curing and drying is unclear. To overcome this problem, the effects of different processing conditions on the free amino acid, microbial community, and flavor of Spanish mackerel were explored. Staphylococcus and Cobetia are the main microorganisms in cured mackerel and are closely associated with the formation of their quality. Compared with fresh mackerel, cured mackerel contains increased levels of protein, fat, and chloride, contributing to its distinctive flavor. The contents of free amino acids in the BA64 group were substantially higher than those in other groups, particularly the contents of threonine, glycine, and tyrosine. These findings will contribute to the development of high-quality cured Spanish mackerel products and cured aquatic products.
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Aminoácidos , Microbiota , Perciformes , Animales , Aminoácidos/análisis , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/química , Perciformes/microbiología , Perciformes/metabolismo , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Manipulación de Alimentos , Gusto , Productos Pesqueros/análisis , Productos Pesqueros/microbiología , Desecación , Conservación de Alimentos/métodosRESUMEN
Thrombus age determination in fatal venous thromboembolism cases is an important task for forensic pathologists. In this study, we investigated the time-dependent expressions of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) and Annexin A1 (ANXA1) in a stasis-induced deep vein thrombosis (DVT) murine model, with the aim of obtaining useful information for thrombus age timing. A total of 75 ICR mice were randomly classified into thrombosis group and control group. In thrombosis group, a DVT model was established by ligating the inferior vena cava (IVC) of mice, and thrombosed IVCs were harvested at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 days after modeling. In control group, IVCs without thrombosis were taken as control samples. The expressions of FPR2 and ANXA1 during thrombosis were detected using immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining. Their protein and mRNA levels in the samples were determined by Western blotting and quantitative real-time PCR. The results reveal that FPR2 was predominantly expressed by intrathrombotic neutrophils and macrophages. ANXA1 expression in the thrombi was mainly distributed in neutrophils, endothelial cells of neovessels, and fibroblastic cells. After thrombosis, the expressions of FPR2 and ANXA1 were time-dependently up-regulated. The percentage of FPR2-positive cells and the level of FPR2 protein significantly elevated at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days after IVC ligation as compared to those at 10, 14 and 21 days after ligation (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mRNA level of FPR2 were significantly higher at 5 days than that at the other post-ligation intervals (p < 0.05). Besides, the levels of ANXA1 mRNA and protein peaked at 10 and 14 days after ligation, respectively. A significant increase in the mRNA level of ANXA1 was found at 10 and 14 days as compared with that at the other post-ligation intervals (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that FPR2 and ANXA1 are promising as useful markers for age estimation of venous thrombi.
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BACKGROUND: Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a common gaseous pollutant that significantly threatens environmental pollution and human health. Meanwhile, viscosity is an essential parameter of the intracellular microenvironment, manipulating many physiological roles such as nutrient transport, metabolism, signaling regulation and apoptosis. Currently, most of the fluorescent probes used for detecting SO2 derivatives and viscosity are single-emission probes or probes based on the ICT mechanism, which suffer from short emission wavelengths, small Stokes shifts or susceptibility to environmental background. Therefore, the development of powerful high-performance probes for real-time monitoring of sulfur dioxide derivatives and viscosity is of great significance for human health. RESULTS: In this research, we designed the fluorescent probe QQC to detect SO2 derivatives and viscosity based on FRET platform with quinolinium salt as donor and quinolinium-carbazole as acceptor. QQC exhibited a ratiometric fluorescence response to SO2 with a low detection limit (0.09 µM), large Stokes shift (186 nm) and high energy transfer efficiency (95 %), indicating that probe QQC had good sensitivity and specificity. In addition, QQC was sensitive to viscosity, with an 9.10-folds enhancement of orange fluorescence and an excellent linear relationship (R2 = 0.98) between the logarithm of fluorescence intensity at 592 nm and viscosity. Importantly, QQC could not only recognize SO2 derivatives in real water samples and food, but also detect viscosity changes caused by food thickeners and thereby had broad market application prospects. SIGNIFICANCE: We have developed a ratiometric fluorescent probe based on the FRET platform for detecting sulfur dioxide derivatives and viscosity. QQC could not only successfully detect SO2 derivatives in food and water samples, but also be made into test strips for detecting HSO3-/SO32- solution. In addition, the probe was also used to detect viscosity changes caused by food thickeners. Therefore, this novel probe had significant value in food and environmental detection applications.
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Colorantes Fluorescentes , Dióxido de Azufre , Humanos , Transferencia Resonante de Energía de Fluorescencia , Viscosidad , Agua , Células HeLaRESUMEN
Breeding of tomato varieties based on phenotypic traits can potentially lead to a decline in taste and nutritional values, thereby impacting consumer acceptance. However, taste is an intrinsic characteristic of tomatoes. Its decoding requires the identification of crucial compounds and the associated metabolic pathways implicated in taste development and formation. In this study, the taste parameter differences of four tomato varieties were distinguished using an electronic tongue. The content of organic acids and free amino acids, which were closely associated with taste variations, was quantitatively analyzed. Several important taste metabolites and metabolic pathways were identified based on LC-MS metabolomics and enrichment analysis. Through correlation analysis, it was determined that there existed significant associations between the taste, compounds, and metabolites of tomato varieties with different phenotypes. This study could provide references and theoretical basis for tomato breeding, as well as the control and evaluation of taste and quality of tomato varieties.
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Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de Masas , Gusto , Cromatografía Liquida , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Fitomejoramiento , MetabolómicaRESUMEN
Sea urchin gonads have high nutritional value and degenerate rapidly during storage. Previous assessment of the freshness of sea urchin gonads was based on experience without valid biochemical indicators. Thus, the current study is to find biochemical indicators representing the freshness of sea urchin gonads. Results showed that the dominant genera of sea urchin gonads were changed from Psychromonas, Ralstonia, and Roseimarinus to Aliivibrio, Psychrilyobacter, and Photobacterium. The differential metabolites of sea urchin gonads were mainly produced through amino acids metabolism. Among them, GC-TOF-MS based differential metabolites had the greatest enrichment in the valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis pathway, while LC-MS based differential metabolites had the greatest enrichment in the alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism pathway. The growth of dominant genus (Aliivibrio) had a great influence on the production of differential metabolites. These results will provide valuable information for accurately judging the freshness and shelf life of sea urchin gonads.
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The mechanism behind textural changes in scallop adductor muscle during boiling was investigated through proteomic analysis, determination of water holding capacity (WHC) and oxidative indices, as well as observation with scanning electron microscopy and multiphoton nonlinear optical microscopy. The hardness and shear force showed the trend of first rising and then falling in 45 min-boiling time. The results suggested that short-time boiling caused the oxidation, denaturation and aggregation of proteins, resulting in the transverse contraction of myofibers and lateral cross-linked aggregation of muscle fibers and a rise in WHC, which led to the increase in hardness and shear force. While long-time boiling caused the progressive degradation of structural proteins such as fibrillin-1, collagen alpha-2(I) chain, myosin heavy chain, basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein, and paramyosin, resulting in a loose myofibril network and the decrease in WHC, which led to the decrease in hardness and shear force.
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Pectinidae , Proteómica , Animales , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Miofibrillas , Cadenas Pesadas de Miosina/metabolismo , Pectinidae/metabolismo , CalorRESUMEN
Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis was utilized to determine the key proteins that affect texture properties of sea cucumber body wall (SCBW) with different boiling heating treatment. 862, 363, 315, and 258 proteins were confirmed in water-soluble fractions from fresh group, 0.5 h-, 2 h- and 4 h-heat treatment group, respectively. During boiling heating treatment, proteins with an increased abundance in water-soluble fraction primarily belong to structural proteins, such as collagens, microfibril-associated proteins, glycoproteins, and muscle proteins. It was speculated that the degradation of these structural proteins caused the progressive disintegration of network skeleton of collagen fibres and FMs as well as the gelatinization, thus resulted in the decrease of hardness and shear force. Besides, the degradation of FMs was occurred layer by layer during boiling heating treatment, and the fibrilin-1 outer layer degraded first, followed by the fibrilin-2 core component.
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Pepinos de Mar , Animales , Pepinos de Mar/química , Proteoma/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismo , Proteómica , CalefacciónRESUMEN
The structural foundation of texture changes in sea cucumber body wall (SCBW) during boiling was investigated using second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy for the first time. The results from SHG signal imaging, light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy indicated the hierarchical structures of collagen in SCBW underwent progressive destruction with the prolongation of boiling time, including the depolymerization of collagen fibres, the uncoiling and disaggregation of collagen fibrils, the destruction of collagen microfibrils, the loosing of triple helix structure of collagen, and the degradation and gelatinization of collagen, which contributed to the progressive decline in texture indicators including shear force and hardness. SHG analysis also indicated that although collagen macromolecules such as collagen fibres, collagen fibrils and collagen microfibrils could be observed in 0.5 h-boiled and 2 h-boiled SCBW, monomeric collagen, the basic structural components of those macromolecules, has been already damaged.
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Pepinos de Mar , Microscopía de Generación del Segundo Armónico , Animales , Colágeno/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión , Pepinos de Mar/químicaRESUMEN
Differences in texture and digestive properties of different parts in 80 °C-boiled abalone muscle (adductor and transition part) after different processing time were investigated. With the extension of boiling time, the shear force and hardness of adductor increased first (6 min) and then decreased (30 min and 240 min), while the two indexes of transition part dramatically decreased after boiling for 6 min and then maintained until 240 min. Meanwhile, for adductor, the degree of protein hydrolysis, protein digestibility, and peptide transport levels declined with the extension of boiling time; While for transition part, those protein digestion and transport indexes significantly decreased first (6 min and 30 min) and then increased (240 min). By contrast, the adductor contained higher myofibrillar proteins content but lower collagen content than the transition part, which contributed to the differences in texture and digestive properties of the boiled samples.
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Digestión , Gastrópodos , Animales , Alimentos Marinos , Músculos , DurezaRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of boiling processing on the texture of scallop adductor muscle (SAM) and its mechanism. Compared to the fresh sample, all the texture indicators, including the hardness, chewiness, springiness, resilience, cohesiveness, and shear force of 30-s- and 3-min-boiled SAMs increased time-dependently (p < 0.05). As the boiling time increased further to 15 min, the shear force and cohesiveness still increased significantly (p < 0.05), and the resilience and hardness were maintained (p > 0.05), but the springiness and chewiness decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The overall increase in the texture indicators of the boiled SAMs was due to the boiling-induced protein denaturation, aggregation, and increased hydrophobicity, resulting in the longitudinal contraction and lateral expansion of myofibrils, the longitudinal contraction and lateral cross-linked aggregation of muscle fibers, and the loss of free water. However, the decreasing springiness and chewiness of the 15-min-boiled SAMs was due to the significant degradation of proteins (especially collagen), resulting in the destruction of the connective tissue between the muscle fiber clusters. Both from a subjective sensory point of view and from the objective point of view of protein denaturation and degradation, 3-min-boiled SAMs are recommended. The quality improvement of thermally processed products by controlled, moderate cooking is of practical value from the perspective of food consumption.
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Secondary cell wall (SCW) formation is regulated by a multilevel transcriptional regulatory network, in which MYB transcription factors (TFs) play key roles. In woody plants, hundreds of MYB TFs have been identified, most of which have unknown functions in wood SCW biosynthesis. Here, we characterized the function of a Populus MYB gene, PtoMYB10. PtoMYB10 was found to encode an R2R3-MYB TF and exhibit dominant expression in xylem tissues. PtoMYB10 was determined to be located in the nucleus with the ability to activate transcription. Overexpression of PtoMYB10 in Populus resulted in a drastic increase in SCW thickening in xylem fiber cells as well as ectopic deposition of lignin in cortex cells. The expression of genes associated with lignin biosynthesis was induced in PtoMYB10 overexpressing plants, whereas repressed gene expression was found with the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. Lignin and anthocyanin are both produced from metabolites of the phenylpropanoid pathway. Accordingly, the anthocyanin content of Populus overexpressing PtoMYB10 decreased by more than 68%. These results indicate that PtoMYB10 can positively regulate xylary fiber SCW thickening, accompanied by the reprogramming of phenylpropanoid metabolism, which redirects metabolic flux from anthocyanin biosynthesis to monolignol biosynthesis.
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Populus , Antocianinas , Pared Celular/metabolismo , Expresión Génica Ectópica , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Populus/genética , Populus/metabolismoRESUMEN
Enzymes are essential components of all biological systems. The key characteristics of proteins functioning as enzymes are their substrate specificities and catalytic efficiencies. In plants, most genes encoding enzymes are members of large gene families. Within such families, the contributions of active site motifs to the functional divergence of duplicate genes have not been well elucidated. In this study, we identified 41 glutaredoxin (GRX) genes in the Populus trichocarpa genome. GRXs are ubiquitous enzymes in plants that play important roles in developmental and stress tolerance processes. In poplar, GRX genes were divided into four classes based on clear differences in gene structure and expression pattern, subcellular localization, enzymatic activity, and substrate specificity of the encoded proteins. Using site-directed mutagenesis, this study revealed that the divergence of the active site motif among different classes of GRX proteins resulted in substrate switches and thus provided new insights into the molecular evolution of these important plant enzymes.
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Populus , Dominio Catalítico , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Glutarredoxinas/genética , Humanos , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Populus/metabolismoRESUMEN
S100 calcium binding protein P (S100P) and miR-495 are aberrantly expressed and exert essential roles in cancers. However, the mechanisms of miR-495-S100P in pancreatic cancer are yet to be illustrated. Thus, we explored the regulatory functions of miR-495-S100P axis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells growth and invasion. In this study, we identified that S100P was upregulated in pancreatic adenocarcinoma by bioinformatics analysis of the GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus database) microarray dataset (GSE16515). Western blotting and luciferase reporter gene analysis exhibited that miR-495 negatively determined the level of S100P via binging to its 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs). A series of functional experiments indicated that upregulation of miR-495 or S100P knockdown suppressed pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells proliferation, invasion, and promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, the expression of S100P was negatively associated with the level of miR-495 in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pancreatic adenocarcinoma case-cohort. Besides, reintroduction of S100P debilitated the anti-cancer action of miR-495 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Our data indicated that miR-495 performed suppressive roles in pancreatic adenocarcinoma through targeting S100P.
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Proteínas de Unión al Calcio/metabolismo , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Regiones no Traducidas 3' , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Apoptosis , Calcio/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular , Biología Computacional/métodos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Transición Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica , Unión ProteicaAsunto(s)
Retinopatía Diabética/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/administración & dosificación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/uso terapéutico , Retinopatía Diabética/fisiopatología , Exudados y Transudados , Femenino , Fóvea Central/efectos de los fármacos , Fóvea Central/patología , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravítreas , Masculino , Microaneurisma/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/farmacología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Agudeza Visual/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Relapse is the main cause of death after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Unfortunately, there are no efficient methods to prevent relapse after allo-HSCT. Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells have achieved favorable outcomes in the treatment of refractory/relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) because of their strong anti-leukemia activity. However, it is unclear whether the CAR-T cells constructed using viral systems can be used as preventive infusions to prevent relapse after haploidentical HSCT. PATIENT CONCERNS: Two patients with ALL with high risk received haploidentical HSCT. DIAGNOSES: Two patients were diagnosed with ALL with high risk. INTERVENTIONS: Patients received preventive infusion of donor-derived CAR-T cells constructed using viral systems on day 60 after haploidentical HSCT. OUTCOMES: The CAR-T cells were continually detected, and no graft versus host disease developed. The two patients survived with disease-free for 1 year and 6 months, respectively. LESSONS: Preventive infusion of donor-derived CAR-T cells after haploidentical HSCT may be safe and that immunosuppressors may not affect the proliferation of CAR-T cells.
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Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/prevención & control , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/métodos , Inmunoterapia Adoptiva/métodos , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Receptores Quiméricos de Antígenos/uso terapéutico , Trasplante Haploidéntico , Adulto , Preescolar , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Donantes de TejidosRESUMEN
Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to exert beneficial effects on obesity, but the mechanism is unclear. This study investigated the effects of EA on diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into low-fat diet (LFD, 10 rats) and high-fat diet (HFD, 40 rats) groups. After the DIO models had been established, successful model rats were randomly divided into HFD, EA, and orlistat (OLST) groups. The EA group received EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Quchi (LI11) for 20 minutes once per day for 28 days. The OLST group was treated with orlistat by gavage. The body weight, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index, adipocyte diameters, and neuroprotein Y/agouti-related protein and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B levels were significantly lower in the EA group than in the HFD group. The rats of the OLST group showed watery stools and yellow hairs whereas those of the EA group had regular stools and sleek coats. The effect of EA on weight loss may be related to improved insulin resistance caused by changes in the adipocyte size and by reductions in the expressions of neuroprotein Y/agouti-related protein and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. This study indicates that EA may be a better method of alternative therapy for treating obesity and other metabolic diseases.
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Proteína Relacionada con Agouti/metabolismo , Electroacupuntura , Resistencia a la Insulina , Neuropéptido Y/metabolismo , Obesidad/terapia , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 1/genética , Proteína Relacionada con Agouti/genética , Animales , Glucemia/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Masculino , Neuropéptido Y/genética , Obesidad/enzimología , Obesidad/genética , Obesidad/metabolismo , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatasa no Receptora Tipo 1/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Rapid advances in multislice computed tomography (MSCT) technology facilitate accurate clinical imaging. The newly developed 64-slice CT increases temporal and spatial resolution efficiently. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the application of 64 slice spiral computed tomography (CT) on the imaging of the normal optics canal. METHODS AND MATERIALS: 100 healthy adults were investigated using 64 slice spiral CT. The optics canal was scanned, reconstructed and examined. RESULTS: Among the four walls of the optic canal, the medial wall is the longest one. The upper wall and outer wall are inferior to the medial wall while the inferior wall is the shortest one. All the data accomplished by the 64 slice CT was consistent with the results of previous reports using other methods. CONCLUSION: The results suggested that the 64 slice spiral CT could be a valuable and accurate method for measuring the length of optics canal walls.
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MNSFbeta (Monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor beta) is a natural immunosuppressive factor which has been reported to be involved in various biological processes, such as immune responses, cell division, stress response, cell apoptosis, and nuclear transport. However, study on porcine MNSFbeta has been rarely reported. In this study, the full-length sequence of porcine MNSFbeta (GenBank accession number: KF77642500) was predicted in silicon and its cDNA sequence was obtained through RT-PCR from porcine spleen. The nucleic acid and protein sequences were analyzed. Then, the gene was subcloned into pEGFP-C1 to construct a recombinant plasmid pEGFP-MNSFbeta which was transfected into swine umbilical vein endothelial cells (SUVECs) using Lipofectamine 2000. The expression of GFP was detected by fluorescence microscopy, Western blot, and laser confocal fluorescence microscopy. The spatial expression patterns of porcine MNSFbeta were detected by real-time qPCR. Results showed that the full length of porcine MNSFbeta was 402 bp encoding 133 amino acids with only one exon. Bioinformatics analysis showed that porcine MNSFbeta protein was a stable protein consisting of a ubiquitin-like domain fused to the ribosomal protein S30 with no signal peptide. The analyses of homology and phylogenetic tree of porcine MNSFbeta and its homologs in other 18 species showed that the identities of MNSFbeta protein sequence were higher than 91% among different species and the evolutionary distance was less than 0.05. It indicates that MNSFbeta is highly conserved in the process of evolution. Fluorescence signal showed that the fusion protein GFP-MNSFbeta was successfully expressed in SUVECs which was then confirmed by Western blot. Laser confocal fluorescence microscopy showed that MNSFbeta was expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm. Analysis of spatial expression patterns showed that procine MNSFbeta was widely expressed in immune tissues, but not in lung, suggesting that MNSFbeta may play an important role in immune response.