RESUMEN
The use of Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG) is a prevalent payment system employed to control hospitalization costs and improve medical efficiency. China has developed an indigenized DRG payment system including Single Disease Payment (SDP), DRGs, and Big Data Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP). In this study, we took cholecystitis as an example, drawing on both primary and secondary data to verify the effectiveness of China's indigenized DRG system and to introduce the evolution of DRGs in China. Primary data were gathered from Qilu Hospital in 2019-2021. Secondary data were collected from published literature from 2004-2016. Only studies with both pre-SDP/DRG and post-SDP/DRG groups were included. Among the studies included, 92.9% (13/14) reported a significant reduction in hospitalization costs after the implementation of SDP while other studies identified length of stay (LOS) and age as the most significant influential factors in SDP. Furthermore, we elaborated the efficiency of DRGs using data from 2738 inpatients in Qilu hospital. Moreover, 60% (6/10) of the studies from the databases also showed the efficiency of DRGs in different regions. SDP is efficient in saving hospitalization costs, but its implementation is limited. DRGs have a broader scope of application, but their effectiveness remains to be validated. DIP is a brand new concept in China, and more data are needed to assess its efficiency.
RESUMEN
Learning to mark for tense in a second language is notoriously difficult for speakers of a tenseless language like Chinese. In this study we test two reasons for these difficulties in Chinese-English sequential bilingual children: (1) morphophonological transfer (i.e., avoidance of complex codas), and (2) interpretation of -ed as an aspect marker of completion, like the Mandarin -le. Mandarin-English bilingual children and age-matched monolinguals did a cartoon retell task. The verbs used in the stories were coded for accuracy in English, telicity, and suppliance of -ed or -le. The results were consistent with morphophonological transfer: the bilingual children were more accurate with irregular past forms in English than regular forms. The results were also consistent with the bilingual children's interpretation of -ed as an aspect marker: most of their production of -ed was on telic verbs. We discuss possible reasons for the children's interpretation of -ed as an aspect marker.
