RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical and pathologic features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that has atypical lupus nephritis (LN) with mainly IgA deposits. METHODS: We searched the SLE patients who had nephritis with mainly IgA deposits in our hospital and selected the information including clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, treatments, and prognosis. RESULTS: From January 2009 to June 2012, 5 patients were definitely diagnosed as SLE according to both 1982 and 2009 ACR classification criteria. But renal biopsy showed that all cases had mainly IgA deposits and were free of IgG, C1q, and fibrinogen-related antigen deposits under immunofluorescent microscopy, which did not match with typical LN. There were 2 males and 3 females, aging from 31 to 64 years and with an average of (42.20 ± 13.59) years. The 5 cases had multiple-system involvements, mainly the renal system. Compared to primary IgAN, the atypical LN showed some differences: older than primary IgAN, more women than men, no previous infection history, lower incidence of serum IgA elevation, and ACL positive rate as high as 100%. CONCLUSION: Nephritis with mainly IgAN deposits, as an atypical LN, may be a special subtype of SLE.
Asunto(s)
Inmunoglobulina A/inmunología , Nefritis Lúpica/diagnóstico , Nefritis Lúpica/inmunología , Adulto , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Autoanticuerpos/inmunología , Biopsia , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina A/metabolismo , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Riñón/inmunología , Riñón/patología , Nefritis Lúpica/tratamiento farmacológico , Nefritis Lúpica/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prednisolona/uso terapéutico , Pronóstico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
In this paper, the synchronization problem of hyperchaotic systems is investigated. An adaptive fuzzy observer is proposed based on the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model. Theoretical analysis based on Lyapunov stability theory is provided to verify the feasibility of the proposed synchronization scheme. Numerical simulation of the hyperchaotic Lü system is given to demonstrate the application of the proposed scheme. The form of the proposed scheme is simple, and it is general and robust.
Asunto(s)
Algoritmos , Lógica Difusa , Modelos Teóricos , Dinámicas no Lineales , Simulación por ComputadorRESUMEN
In this paper, the generalized synchronization problem of drive-response systems is investigated. Using the drive-response concept and the nonlinear control theory, a control law is designed to achieve the generalized synchronization of chaotic systems. Based on the Lyapunov stability theory, a generalized synchronization condition is derived. Theoretical analyses and numerical simulations further demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed technique.
