Deep-learning-based stock market prediction incorporating ESG sentiment and technical indicators.

As sustainability emerges as a crucial factor in the development of modern enterprises, integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information into financial assessments has become essential. ESG indicators serve as important metrics in evaluating a company's sustainable practices and governance effectiveness, influencing investor trust and future growth potential, ultimately affecting stock prices. This study proposes an innovative approach that combines ESG sentiment index extracted from news with technical indicators to predict the S&P 500 index. By utilizing a deep learning model and exploring optimal window sizes, the study explores the best model through mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) as an evaluation metric. Additionally, an ablation test clarifies the influence of ESG and its causality with the S&P 500 index. The experimental results demonstrate improved predictive accuracy when considering ESG sentiment compared to relying solely on technical indicators or historical data. This comprehensive methodology enhances the advantage of stock price prediction by integrating technical indicators, which consider short-term fluctuations, with ESG information, providing long-term effects. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for investors and financial market experts, validating the necessity to consider ESG for financial assets and introducing a new perspective to develop investment strategies and decision-making processes.

Expansive data, extensive model: Investigating discussion topics around LLM through unsupervised machine learning in academic papers and news.

This study presents a comprehensive exploration of topic modeling methods tailored for large language model (LLM) using data obtained from Web of Science and LexisNexis from June 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023. The data collection process involved queries focusing on LLMs, including "Large language model," "LLM," and "ChatGPT." Various topic modeling approaches were evaluated based on performance metrics, including diversity and coherence. latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA), nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF), combined topic models (CTM), and bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers topic (BERTopic) were employed for performance evaluation. Evaluation metrics were computed across platforms, with BERTopic demonstrating superior performance in diversity and coherence across both LexisNexis and Web of Science. The experiment result reveals that news articles maintain a balanced coverage across various topics and mainly focus on efforts to utilize LLM in specialized domains. Conversely, research papers are more concise and concentrated on the technology itself, emphasizing technical aspects. Through the insights gained in this study, it becomes possible to investigate the future path and the challenges that LLMs should tackle. Additionally, they could offer considerable value to enterprises that utilize LLMs to deliver services.

ESG2PreEM: Automated ESG grade assessment framework using pre-trained ensemble models.

Incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria is essential for promoting sustainability in business and is considered a set of principles that can increase a firm's value. This research proposes a strategy using text-based automated techniques to rate ESG. For autonomous classification, data were collected from the news archive LexisNexis and classified as E, S, or G based on the ESG materials provided by the Refinitiv-Sustainable Leadership Monitor, which has over 450 metrics. In addition, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), Robustly optimized BERT approach (RoBERTa), and A Lite BERT (ALBERT) models were trained to accurately categorize preprocessed ESG documents using a voting ensemble model, and their performances were measured. The accuracy of the ensemble model utilizing BERT and ALBERT was found to be 80.79% with batch size 20. Additionally, this research validated the performance of the framework for companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and compared it with the grade provided by Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI), a globally renowned ESG rating agency known for having the highest creditworthiness. This study supports the use of sophisticated natural language processing (NLP) techniques to attain important knowledge from large amounts of text-based data to improve ESG assessment criteria established by different rating agencies.

Factors Affecting Intention of Consumers in Using Face Recognition Payment in Offline Markets: An Acceptance Model for Future Payment Service.

Face recognition payment (FRP), an innovative financial technology service, is a recently developed mode of payment service that has garnered attention in the offline market, particularly in China. However, studies examining the adoption of FRP by consumers are scarce. Therefore, this study proposed a causal model built on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology, and key predictors related to the intention of using FRP were identified. The structural equation model-based results obtained from 305 Chinese participants demonstrated that the intention was most affected by relative advantage. In addition, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and perceived risk also had a significant impact. However, trust was found to not significantly affect consumers' intentions, despite it negatively influencing perceived risk. Thus, the results of this study are expected to provide a set of guidelines for companies regarding the implementation of FRP.

Disaster Healthcare Workers' Experience of Using the Psychological First Aid Mobile App During Disaster Simulation Training.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to examine the experience of disaster healthcare workers with simulation training using the Psychological First Aid (PFA) mobile app. METHODS: This study was designed using qualitative research methodology with focus group interviews. The participants were 19 disaster healthcare workers from community mental health service centers who attended disaster simulation training in flood, fire, or leakage of hazardous chemicals. Before the simulation, participants were provided the PFA mobile app and allowed to practice the PFA techniques to apply them during the simulation. Data were collected through focus group interviews and qualitatively analyzed using the content analysis method. RESULTS: The findings were divided into 6 categories: experience in realistic disaster situations, satisfaction with education methods using a mobile app, effectiveness of the PFA app in disaster relief, confidence in disaster relief by integrating experience and knowledge of the PFA app, self-reflection as a disaster healthcare worker, and identifying limitations and making developmental suggestions. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the participants' developmental proposals in this study, the disaster simulation training, incorporating improvements in the disaster simulation training and the PFA app features, will serve as a new framework for disaster support education and systematic mental health services to survivors by disaster healthcare workers.

Associations among Elder Abuse, Depression and PTSD in South Korean Older Adults.

Increasing attention is being placed on the prevalence of elder abuse and its impact on mental health. This study conducted a survey of 172 elderly people in South Korea to determine the prevalence of elder abuse and the relationships involving elder abuse, depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants completed a battery of self-report questionnaires, which included the Korean Geriatric Depression Screening Scale (KGDS) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised Korean version (IES-R-K). Descriptive analyses were conducted to examine the frequency of specific forms of abuse. Logistic regression models were estimated to identify the factors that contributed to risk of abuse exposure and the relationship between exposure and PTSD or depression. The results indicated around 22% of the participants reported abuse exposure, which most commonly included being refused physical contact, verbal threats, and/or being excluded from decision-making about personal issues. Low education and being unmarried, separated or divorced was associated with an increased risk of abuse exposure. There were strong associations between elder abuse and PTSD symptoms, while comparable relationships with depression were weaker and were not robust to the inclusion of control variables. The findings provided empirical support for the relationship between abuse experiences of the elderly and poor mental health and raise important issues for the mental health care of the elderly.

Therapeutic hypothermia after recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Therapeutic hypothermia improves outcomes in experimental stroke models, especially after ischemia-reperfusion injury. We investigated the clinical and radiological effects of therapeutic hypothermia in acute ischemic stroke patients after recanalization. METHODS: A prospective cohort study at 2 stroke centers was performed. We enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke in the anterior circulation with an initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale≥10 who had successful recanalization (≥thrombolysis in cerebral ischemia, 2b). Patients at center A underwent a mild hypothermia (34.5°C) protocol, which included mechanical ventilation, and 48-hour hypothermia and 48-hour rewarming. Patients at center B were treated according to the guidelines without hypothermia. Cerebral edema, hemorrhagic transformation, good outcome (3-month modified Rankin Scale, ≤2), mortality, and safety profiles were compared. Potential variables at baseline and during the therapy were analyzed to evaluate for independent predictors of good outcome. RESULTS: The hypothermia group (n=39) had less cerebral edema (P=0.001), hemorrhagic transformation (P=0.016), and better outcome (P=0.017) compared with the normothermia group (n=36). Mortality, hemicraniectomy rate, and medical complications were not statistically different. After adjustment for potential confounders, therapeutic hypothermia (odds ratio, 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-8.9; P=0.047) and distal occlusion (odds ratio, 7.3; 95% confidence interval; 1.3-40.3; P=0.022) were the independent predictors for good outcome. Absence of cerebral edema (odds ratio, 5.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-18.2; P=0.006) and no medical complications (odds ratio, 9.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-39.9; P=0.003) were also independent predictors for good outcome during the therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with ischemic stroke, after successful recanalization, therapeutic hypothermia may reduce risk of cerebral edema and hemorrhagic transformation, and lead to improved clinical outcomes.

Reinfection rate and endoscopic changes after successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori.

AIM: To determine the long-term outcomes regarding reinfection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and endoscopic changes after successful H. pylori eradication. METHODS: From June 1994 to January 2007, 186 patients (M:F = 98:88; mean age 50.0 +/- 11.4 years), in whom H. pylori had been successfully eradicated, were enrolled. The mean duration of follow up was 41.2 +/- 24.0 mo. RESULTS: H. pylori reinfection occurred in 58 patients (31.2%). The average annual reinfection rate was 9.1% per patient year. No recurrence of peptic ulcer was detected at the follow up endoscopy. There were no significant differences between the H. pylori eradication regimens for the reinfection rate and no significant differences in endoscopic findings between the H. pylori-recurred group and the H. pylori-cured group. CONCLUSION: The reinfection rate in Korea is 9.1% which represents a decreasing trend. There was no relationship between H. pylori infection status and changes in endoscopic findings. There was also no recurrence or aggravation of ulcers.

Cognitive decline is associated with nutritional risk in subjects with small head circumference (HC).

Nutrition has been found to be associated with cognitive impairment, but it has not been established whether these associations are present solely in later life or whether they are present in younger age as well. HC is a good indicator of brain development and the most sensitive anthropometric indicator of prolonged malnutrition during early life. This study examined the interaction between early HC and later (nutrition screening initiative) nutritional factors on the risk of cognitive decline in the elderly. The longitudinal factorial design had the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score as the dependent variable, with HC as one factor and nutritional risk as another. We studied a sample of 495 not cognitively impaired Korean participants with 2 years follow-up data. After multivariable adjustment, interactive effect between HC and nutritional risk was significantly associated with cognitive decline (F=2.449, p=0.045). Simple main effect analysis showed that compared with highest HC, lowest HC was associated with a cognitive decline. Nutritional risk was associated with cognitive function decline only in individuals with small HC. Therefore, the prevention for cognitive impairment and dementia should involve nutritional strategies throughout life.

[Efficacy of levofloxacin-based triple therapy as second-line Helicobacter pylori eradication].

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bismuth-based quadruple therapy for second-line eradication treatment achieves the eradication rate ranging from 70% to 81% due to antimicrobial resistance and poor compliance. The aim of this study was to compare the eradication rate of levofloxacin-based triple therapy with that of bismuth-based quadruple therapy in second-line Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy. METHODS: Seventy-six outpatients with persistent H. pylori infection after first-line triple therapy were enrolled in this prospective randomized trial. The subjects were randomized to receive levofloxacin 300 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, and pantoprazole 20 mg, given twice daily for 7 days (LAP group), or metronidazole 500 mg twice, tetracycline 500 mg four times, and pantoprazole 20 mg twice, bismuth subcitrate 600 mg twice daily for 7 days (MTPB group). Eradication was confirmed with (13)C-urea breath test or rapid urease test 4 weeks after the cessation of therapy. RESULTS: Among Seventy-six patients initially included, eleven were lost during follow-up. The eradication rates, expressed as intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses, were 51.6% and 53.3% in the LAP group, and 48.9% and 62.9% in the MTPB group, respectively. There was no significant difference in H. pylori eradication rates between the two groups (p=0.815 by ITT, p=0.437 by PP). LAP regimen was better tolerated than MTPB regimen with lower incidence of side effects (10.0% versus 31.4%, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori eradication rates of levofloxacin-based triple therapy and bismuth-based quadruple therapy were not significantly different in second-line H. pylori eradication therapy, and low incidence of side effects was observed in levofloxacin-based triple therapy.

[Role of anti-secretory treatment in addition to Helicobacter pylori eradication triple therapy in the treatment of peptic ulcer].

BACKGROUND/AIMS: It is not clear whether the anti-secretory therapy should be continued for symptomatic relief and ulcer healing before or after the eradication of H. pylori in patients with peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of additional anti-secretory therapy before or after H. pylori eradication in peptic ulcer disease. METHODS: Thirty eight patients with H. pylori-positive active peptic ulcer were included. Patients were randomly allocated into 3 groups; standard 1-week triple therapy followed by omeprazole (20 mg, qd) for 3 weeks (group A), standard 1-week triple therapy only (group B), and omeprazole (20 mg, qd) for 3 weeks followed by 1-week triple therapy (group C). Endoscopy with the rapid urease test and histology for H. pylori was performed 4-8 weeks after the completion of treatment. The symptom was scored by a visual analog scale. RESULTS: Of the 38 patients, 10 were excluded from the per-protocol analysis of this study. The H. pylori eradication rates were 87.5% (group A), 80.0% (group B) and 90.0% (group C) respectively. The peptic ulcer healing rates were 100% in group A, 70.0% in group B, and 90.0% in group C. There was no difference in H. pylori eradication rates and ulcer healing rates among three groups (p>0.05). Symptom score differences between pre-treatment and post-treatment group were not significantly different (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The standard one week triple therapy with or without 3-weeks anti-secretory treatment with omeprazole before or after the therapy does not affect H. pylori eradication rates, peptic ulcer healing rates, and symptom score improvement.

Left valsalva sinus aneurysm rupture into left atrium and aortic valve prolapse confirmed with transesophageal echocardiography.

We report a very rare case of left Valsalva sinus aneurysm rupture into left atrium in a 55-year-old man with severe aortic regurgitation caused by aortic valve prolapse. The Valsalva sinus aneurysm rupture was clearly visualized with transesophageal echocardiography performed to further delineate the aortic valve pathology. The 3-dimensional reconstruction of multislice computed tomography images nicely visualized the left Valsalva sinus aneurysm.

Primary esophageal adenoid cystic carcinoma.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is common in the salivary glands but rare in the esophagus. Routine esophagogastroscopy performed in a 54-year-old woman as part of a medical check-up revealed a submucosal tumor (1.5x1.0 cm) at the mid-esophagus. Endoscopic ultrasonography revealed a lesion with mixed echogenicity in the submucosal layer. The submucosal mass was removed by incisional endoscopic enucleation, and pathological analysis revealed epithelial cells with small hyperchromatic angular nuclei in tubular and cribriform patterns. The lesion was pathologically confirmed as an ACC of the esophagus.

[A Case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome showing resolution with Helicobacter pylori eradication and omeprazole].

We describe a 58-year-old woman who was incidentally found to have gastric and colonic polyposis, hypoalbuminemia, cutaneous hyperpigmentation and onychodystrophy (Cronkhite-Canada syndrome). Histology of polyps from the stomach showed features of juvenile or retention type (hamartomatous) polyps with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The large pedunculated colonic polyps showed hamartomatous polyps with adenomatous component and polypectomy was performed. After the treatment with H. pylori eradication and omeprazole, the gastric polyposis, hypoalbuminemia and anemia regressed, and endoscopic polypectomy of gastric polyps were performed. After the continuous use of omeprazole for 14 months, the patient showed complete resolution of clinical features of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome. The experience of this case suggests that eradication of H. pylori and proton pump inhibitor treatment might be considered in patients with gastric polyposis combined with Cronkhite-Canada syndrome.

Gefitinib trial in a fanconi's anemia patient with multiple squamous cell carcinomas and hepatocellular carcinoma.

FA (Fanconi's Anemia) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by pancytopenia with bone marrow hypoplasia, diverse congenital abnormalities and an increased predisposition towards malignancy. The mainstay of the treatment for these cancers has been surgery, because of the hypersensitive reactions of FA patients to DNA cross- linking agents or radiation. Therefore, there has been no effective therapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma. We report here on a patient suffering from advanced multiple squamous cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma along with an FA, and this patient was treated with gefitinib.

[Clinical significance of serum CA 125 in patients with chronic liver diseases].

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The clinical significance of serum CA 125 levels in patients with chronic liver disease has not been widely appreciated in relation to the severity of the disease. We examined serum CA 125 levels in patients with chronic liver disease according to the severity of liver disease and the presence of ascites. METHODS: Fasting serum CA 125 levels were measured by a commercial RIA kit in 92 patients with chronic liver disease: 22 with chronic hepatitis and 70 with liver cirrhosis (Child class A, 19; B, 28; C, 23). Forty-one patients (45%) had ascites. RESULTS: The patients with Child class C liver cirrhosis had significantly higher mean serum CA 125 level than those with class A (p<0.05). In Child class B patients, the mean serum CA 125 level was significantly higher in patients with ascites than in those without (p<0.05). A multiple regression analysis showed that the presence of ascites, serum albumin, and prothrombin time were independent factors related to the increase of serum CA 125 levels. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of ascites is more closely related to the increase of CA125 levels in patients with liver cirrhosis than the severity of liver disease.

Expression of open reading frame 5 protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using semliki forest virus expression system.

The ORF5 gene encodes a major envelope glycoprotein (GP5), which is one of the three major proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). The GP5 protein has been known to be a 24.5-26 kDa N-glycosylated envelope protein. The GP5 is involved in inducing neutralizing antibodies. For this reason, the GP5 is primary candidate for the PRRSV subunit vaccine. To produce the native form of GP5 in mammalian cells, we have cloned the ORF5 gene from PRRSV CNV-1 into the Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-based expression vector, resulting in recombinant pSFV-ORF5. By the infection with recombinant pSFV-ORF5 to BHK-21 cells, the GP5 expression was confirmed by immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting assay. The recombinant virus particle harboring ORF5 gene was infectious to BHK-21 and MARC-145. The RNA synthesis and expression of GP5 in the infected cell was also confirmed by RT-PCR.