Health risks for medical personnel due to magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging. / Gesundheitsrisiken für medizinisches Personal durch Magnetfelder in der Magnetresonanztomographie.

The current state of medical and scientific knowledge on the effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields on workers in the field of clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is summarized here.A systematic literature search was conducted to analyze the health risks to medical personnel from magnetic fields in MRI. A total of 7273 sources were identified, with 7139 being excluded after screening of the title and abstract. After full-text screening, 34 sources remained and were included in this paper.There are a number of scientific publications on the occurrence of short-term sensory effects such as vertigo, metallic taste, phosphenes as well as on the occurrence of neurocognitive and neurobehavioral effects. For example, short-term exposure to clinical magnetic fields has been reported to result in a 4% reduction in speed and precision and a 16% reduction in visual contrast sensitivity at close range. Both eye-hand precision and coordination speed are affected. The long-term studies concern, among other things, the influence of magnetic fields on sleep quality, which could be linked to an increased risk of accidents. The data on the exposure of healthcare workers to magnetic fields during pregnancy is consistently outdated. However, it has been concluded that there are no particular deviations with regard to the duration of pregnancy, premature births, miscarriages, and birth weight. Epidemiological studies are lacking. With a focus on healthcare personnel, there is a considerable need for high-quality data, particularly on the consequences of long-term exposure to electromagnetic fields from clinical MRI and the effects on pregnancy. · Short-term sensory effects such as vertigo, metallic taste, phosphenes as well as neurocognitive and neurological behavioral effects may occur upon exposure to magnetic fields.. · Long-term effects mainly concern quality of sleep, which can be associated with an increased risk of accidents.. · When pregnant women were exposed to magnetic fields, no particular deviations were found with regard to the duration of pregnancy, premature births, miscarriages, and birth weight.. · König AM, Pöschke A, Mahnken AH. Health risks for medical personnel due to magnetic fields in magnetic resonance imaging. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; DOI 10.1055/a-2296-3860.

Assessment of Efficacy and Complications of Endovascular Interventions for Critical Limb Ischemia in Germany: A Nationwide Study.

PURPOSE: Endovascular interventional radiological procedures have become the mainstay for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) due to arterial stenosis or occlusion. Open surgical or endovascular procedures, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or stenting can be used as a treatment strategy. The aim is to evaluate the success and major complication rates of interventional radiology treatments for CLI in Germany in 2021, and to compare these results with internationally published data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for PTA and stenting in CLI for 2021 was obtained from the quality management system of the German Society of Interventional Radiology (DeGIR). 16 393 PTA procedures, 701 stenting procedures, and 8110 combined procedures were documented for 2021. Data was analyzed for technical and clinical success rates, as well as major complication rates documented mainly as major bleeding, distal embolization, and aneurysm formation. RESULTS: PTA had technical and clinical success rates of 96.3 % and 92.33 %, respectively. Stenting had technical and clinical success rates of 98.7 % and 96.15 %, respectively. PTA and stenting combined had success rates of 98.71 % and 96.91 %, respectively. The major complications were mainly: major bleeding (PTA: 0.40 %; stenting: 1.28 %; PTA and stenting: 0.54 %), distal embolization (PTA: 0.48 %; stenting: 1 %; PTA and stenting: 0.96 %), and aneurysm formation (PTA: 0.19 %; stenting: 0.43 %; PTA and stenting: 0.19 %). All procedures showed high technical and clinical success rates, while the complication rates were low. CONCLUSION: Interventional radiologists in Germany perform effective and safe treatment for CLI, achieving outcomes that tend to surpass internationally published data. KEY POINTS: · German interventional radiologists provide safe and effective critical limb ischemia treatment.. · Major complications occurred at maximum in 1.28 % of cases.. · Outcomes tend to surpass international data, indicating strong performance.. CITATION FORMAT: · Bastian M, Scheschenja M, Wessendorf J et al. Assessment of Efficacy and Complications of Endovascular Interventions for Critical Limb Ischemia in Germany: A Nationwide Study. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; 196: 1161 - 1165.

Retrospective evaluation of interventional radiological treatments for chronic mesenteric ischemia in Germany based on a four-year period of the DeGIR Registry: comparison of outcomes with international quality standards.

PURPOSE: Endovascular treatment has emerged as the gold standard for managing chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) resulting from arterial stenosis or occlusion. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and complication rates of continuous interventional radiology treatment for CMI in Germany between 2018 and 2021, comparing these findings with international quality standards. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data for CMI therapy with stenting and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was obtained from the quality management system of the German Interventional Radiological Society (DeGIR). A total of 3752 endovascular procedures for CMI performed from 2018 to 2021 were documented (PTA: n = 675; stenting: n = 3077). Data was analyzed for technical and clinical success rates, as well as major complication rates. RESULTS: Overall technical and clinical success rates for PTA and stenting procedures were 92.03 %/85.9 % and 98.76 %/96.62 %, respectively. The most common major complications were: arterial occlusion (PTA: 0.73 %; stenting: 0.63), major bleeding (PTA: 1.05 %; stenting: 0.68 %), aneurysm formation (PTA: 0.29 %; stenting: 0.72 %), stent dislodgment (PTA: 0 %; stenting: 0.06 %), and organ failure (PTA: 0.43 %; stenting: 0.96 %). Technical and clinical success rates were higher, while complication rates were lower than the corresponding threshold recommended by the Society of Interventional Radiology for the percutaneous management of chronic mesenteric ischemia. CONCLUSION: Treatment of CMI performed by interventional radiologists in Germany is safe and effective during daily and on-call shifts with results exceeding internationally accepted standards. KEY POINTS: · Treatment of CMI by interventional radiologists in Germany is effective and safe.. · The interventions are safe and effective regardless of whether they are performed during on-call shifts or the daily routine.. · The clinical and technical success rates favorably surpass the thresholds presented by SIR.. · Different major complications occurred in under 1.1 % of CMI interventions.. CITATION FORMAT: · Bastian M, Wessendorf J, Scheschenja M et al. Retrospective evaluation of interventional radiological treatments for chronic mesenteric ischemia in Germany based on a four-year period of the DeGIR Registry: comparison of outcomes with international quality standards . Fortschr Röntgenstr 2024; 196: 1155 - 1160.

Efficacy and Safety of Combined Embolization and Radiofrequency Ablation in Stage 1 Renal Cell Carcinomas.

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate outcomes of a combined interventional approach to stage 1 (cT1cN0cM0) renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) by transarterial embolization (TAE) followed by percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients ineligible for surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 13 patients (9 male, 4 female, 69.6 ±â€Š16.6 y/o) with 14 RCCs (largest diameter: 40.4 ±â€Š6.7 mm, cT1a: 4, cT1b: 10) were treated by RFA a median of one day after TAE in a single center. Indications for minimally invasive interventional therapy were bilateral RCCs (n = 4), RCCs in a single kidney after nephrectomy (n = 3), increased surgical risk due to comorbidities (n = 4), and rejection of surgical therapy (n = 2). Technical success, effectiveness, safety, ablative margin, cancer-specific survival, overall survival, and tumor characteristics were analyzed. RESULTS: All RCCs were successfully ablated after embolization with a minimum ablative margin of 1.2 mm. The median follow-up was 27 (1-83) months. There was no residual or recurrent tumor in the ablation zone. No patient developed metastasis. Two minor and two major complications occurred. Four patients with severe comorbidities died during follow-up due to causes unrelated to therapy. The 1-year and 5-year overall survival was 74.1 % each. Cancer-specific survival was 100 % after 1 and 5 years. There was no significant decline in mean eGFR directly after therapy (p = 0.226). However, the mean eGFR declined from 62.2 ±â€Š22.0 to 50.0 ±â€Š27.8 ml/min during follow-up (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The combination of TAE and RFA provides an effective minimally invasive therapy to stage 1 RCCs in patients ineligible for surgery. The outcomes compare favorably with data from surgery. KEY POINTS: · Interventional treatment by TAE and ablation is a safe and effective alternative to surgery in stage 1 RCCs.. · Focal therapy of RCCs preserves renal function.. · A small ablative margin appears to be sufficient in the ablation of RCCs.. CITATION FORMAT: · Wessendorf J, König AM, Heers H et al. Efficacy and Safety of Combined Embolization and Radiofrequency Ablation in Stage 1 Renal Cell Carcinomas. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; 194: 1020 - 1025.

Feasibility and safety of automated CO2 angiography in peripheral arterial interventions.

ABSTRACT: Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is an established alternative to iodine contrast during angiography in patients with risk of postcontrast acute kidney injury and in those with history of iodine contrast allergy. Different CO2 delivery systems during angiography are reported in literature, with automated delivery system being the latest. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and learning curve of an automated CO2 injection system with controlled pressures in peripheral arterial interventions and also to study the patients' tolerance to the system.From January 2018 to October 2019 peripheral arterial interventions were performed in 40 patients (median age-78 years, interquartile range: 69-84 years) using an automated CO2 injection system with customized protocols, with conventional iodine contrast agent used only as a bailout option. The pain and tolerance during the CO2 angiography were evaluated with a visual analog scale at the end of each procedure. The amount of CO2, iodine contrast used, and radiation dose area product for the interventions were also systematically recorded for all procedures. These values were statistically compared in 2 groups, viz first 20 patients where a learning curve was expected vs the rest 20 patients.All procedures were successfully completed without complications. All patients tolerated the CO2 angiography with a median total pain score of 3 (interquartile range: 3-4), with no statistical difference between the groups (P = .529). The 2 groups were statistically comparable in terms of comorbidities and the type of procedures performed (P = .807). The amount of iodine contrast agent used (24.60 ±â€Š6.44 ml vs 32.70 ±â€Š8.70 ml, P = .006) and the radiation dose area product associated were significantly lower in the second group (2160.74 ±â€Š1181.52 µGym2 vs 1531.62 ±â€Š536.47 µGym2, P = .043).Automated CO2 angiography is technically feasible and safe for peripheral arterial interventions and is well tolerated by the patients. With the interventionalist becoming familiar with the technique, better diagnostic accuracy could be obtained using lower volumes of conventional iodine contrast agents and reduction of the radiation dose involved.

Personal Radiation Protection and Corresponding Dosimetry in Interventional Radiology: An Overview and Future Developments. / Persönliche Strahlenschutzmittel und Dosimetrie des medizinischen Personals in der interventionellen Radiologie: Aktueller Status und neue Entwicklungen.

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of minimally invasive fluoroscopy-guided interventions is likely to result in higher radiation exposure for interventional radiologists and medical staff. Not only the number of procedures but also the complexity of these procedures and therefore the exposure time as well are growing. There are various radiation protection means for protecting medical staff against scatter radiation. This article will provide an overview of the different protection devices, their efficacy in terms of radiation protection and the corresponding dosimetry. METHOD: The following key words were used to search the literature: radiation protection, eye lens dose, radiation exposure in interventional radiology, cataract, cancer risk, dosimetry in interventional radiology, radiation dosimetry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Optimal radiation protection always requires a combination of different radiation protection devices. Radiation protection and monitoring of the head and neck, especially of the eye lenses, is not yet sufficiently accepted and further development is needed in this field. To reduce the risk of cataract, new protection glasses with an integrated dosimeter are to be introduced in clinical routine practice. KEY POINTS: · A combination of personal radiation protection devices and optimized dosimetry improves the safety of medical staff.. CITATION FORMAT: · König AM, Etzel R, Thomas RP et al. Personal Radiation Protection and Corresponding Dosimetry in Interventional Radiology: An Overview and Future Developments. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2019; 191: 512 - 521.

Current Technique and Application of Percutaneous Cryotherapy. / Aktuelle Technik und Anwendung der perkutanen Kryotherapie.

PURPOSE: Local ablative therapies have become an established treatment option in interventional oncology. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are a standard of care in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, there is an increasing interest in cryotherapy, one of the oldest ablation techniques. It has some unique characteristics with regard to technology and mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search using the terms cryotherapy, cryosurgery and cryoablation was performed. Selected studies are presented dealing with the mechanism of action, cryobiology and clinical use of percutaneous, image-guided cryoablation. Recent developments and perspectives are presented. RESULTS: Cryotherapy is increasingly used and has been included in guidelines for selected tumor entities such as renal cell carcinoma. Cryo-immunotherapy and combination treatments are future areas of interest. CONCLUSION: Cryoabalation may be used in many indications. Its major advantages are its unique visualization and the anesthesiologic effects of cold. While there are only a few prospectively randomized trials, the existing data on the use of cryoablation is promising. Its use appears to be justified in selected tumors, oligometastatic patients and for palliative indications. KEY POINTS: · Interventionalists need to know about the unique characteristics and advantages of cryoablation.. · Proper patient selection and optimal image guidance are essential for successful cryotherapy.. · Cryoablation offers unique advantages such as anesthesiologic effects and characteristic imaging features.. · The lack of prospective randomized trials is a key disadvantage of cryoablation.. CITATION FORMAT: · Mahnken AH, König AM, Figiel JH. Current Technique and Application of Percutaneous Cryotherapy. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2018; 190: 836 - 846.