Anti-Vasculogenic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sulfated Polysaccharide Derived from Codium tomentosum: Pharmacokinetic Assay.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic activities of sulfated polysaccharide from C. tomentosum (PCT) using carrageenan (CARR)-induced paw edema in a rat model and anti-vasculogenic activity on a chorioallantoic membrane assay (CAM) model. Based on in vitro tests of anti-radical, total antioxidant, and reducing power activities, PCT presents a real interest via its antioxidant activity and ability to scavenge radical species. The in vivo pharmacological tests suggest that PCT possesses anti-inflammatory action by reducing paw edema and leukocyte migration, maintaining the redox equilibrium, and stabilizing the cellular level of several pro-/antioxidant system markers. It could significantly decrease the malondialdehyde levels and increase superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione activities in local paw edema and erythrocytes during the acute inflammatory reaction of CARR. PCT pretreatment was effective against DNA alterations in the blood lymphocytes of inflamed rats and reduced the hematological alteration by restoring blood parameters to normal levels. The anti-angiogenic activity results revealed that CAM neovascularization, defined as the formation of new vessel numbers and branching patterns, was decreased by PCT in a dose-dependent manner, which supported the in silico bioavailability and pharmacokinetic findings. These results indicated the therapeutic effects of polysaccharides from C. tomentosum and their possible use as anti-proliferative molecules based on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic activities.

Ischemic Stroke in Young Tunisian Adults.

INTRODUCTION: Ischemic Stroke in young adults is a real public health problem; it's a major cause of disability, alters quality of life and has a great socio-economic impact. AIM: determine risk factors and specify the etiology of arterial ischemic stroke in young Tunisian adults. METHODS: In this 5 years retrospective study (2015-2020), we included all young adults (18-50 years) admitted for arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). Risk factors were registered and analyzed. All patients were investigated using a standard protocol: biological tests, brain imaging, carotid ultrasound and cardiac assessment. Additional investigations were carried out at the discretion of the treating physician. The cause of ischemic stroke was classified according to the TOAST criteria. RESULTS: We collected 200 patients with AIS. The mean age was 41.37 years ± 6.99. Traditional vascular risk factors were observed in more than 1/4 patients. A definite cause of stroke was identified in 120 patients. Cardio-embolic causes were the most common among our patients (19%) followed by atherosclerosis of the large arteries (11.5%). Other determined etiologies were found in 27.5% of patients. The etiology remained unclear in 40% of cases: undetermined despite complete investigation in 17.5%, undetermined and incompletely investigated 14.5 % and more than one potential pathomechanisms in 8%. CONCLUSION: Through this study, we demonstrated the diversity of etiology of stroke in young Tunisian adults. Changes of lifestyle are responsible for the occurrence of the traditional risk factors at an early age. Rheumatic heart diseases remain a frequent cause of AIS in our area.

Is moderate-intensity interval training more tolerable than high-intensity interval training in adults with obesity?

Interval training (IT) has been shown to be a time-effective alternative to traditional training programmes in the management of obesity. Nevertheless, studies comparing the effects of different IT intensities on inflammation, muscle and liver damage, and perceptual responses in people with obesity are relatively scarce. This study aimed to compare the acute effects of two different IT protocols matched by the mean load and duration on biochemical and perceptual responses in sedentary adults with obesity. Twenty-two volunteers (age = 33.40 ± 10.01 years, BMI = 38.29 ± 7.09 kg/m²) were randomized to perform two conditions: moderate-intensity IT (MIIT) 5 × 3 min (70% of peak power output (PPO))/2 min (45%PPO) and high-intensity IT (HIIT) 8 × 1 min (90%PPO)/2 min (45%PPO). Blood samples were drawn before and after exercise for biochemical and haematological measurements. Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed during and after exercise. Perceptual pain was evaluated before, throughout and after exercise. C-reactive protein, white blood cells and neutrophils increased only after HIIT (p < 0.001, for all). Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase increased in both HIIT and MIIT (p < 0.001, for all), without any difference between sessions. HIIT induced a greater increase of blood lactate compared to MIIT (p < 0.05). Pain and RPE scores were higher during HIIT vs. MIIT (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). MIIT induced fewer immune system perturbations and less muscle pain and was perceived as more tolerable compared to HIIT session. Therefore, MIIT could be used as a first step to promote body adaptations before starting a HIIT programme in sedentary people with obesity.

Bioactivity of Falkenbergia rufolanosa Methanolic Extract: Assessment of Its Effect on Methyl-Thiophanate Induced Bone and Blood Disorders.

This study aimed to evaluate the potentiality of a mineral and antioxidant-rich methanolic extract of the red marine alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa (FRE) against methyl-thiophanate (MT)-induced toxicity in adult rats. The animals were allocated into four groups: controls, MT (300 mg/kg), MT + FRE, and FRE-treated group for 7 days. Our results demonstrated severe mineral perturbations due to MT treatment, especially in calcium and phosphorus levels in plasma, urine, and bone. Similarly, the hematological analysis revealed increased red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells associated with striking genotoxicity. Interestingly, a significant rise in lipid peroxidation and advanced oxidation protein products level in erythrocytes and bone were noted. Meanwhile, a depletion of the antioxidant status in both tissues occurred. These biochemical alterations were in harmony with DNA degradation and histological variation in bone and blood. In the other trend, data showed that treatment with alga improved MT-induced hematotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress in the blood and bone. Osteo-mineral metabolism and bone histo-architecture were also noted. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that the red alga Falkenbergia rufolanosa is a potent source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents, as revealed by the in vitro analysis.

Acquired hemophilia A in a patient with adult-onset Still's disease: Successful treatment with steroids.

Acquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a potentially life-threatening hemorrhagic disorder with many etiologies. We report the first case in the literature describing the association of AHA with adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD).

Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Associated with Proprioceptive Deficit in Adult Women: a Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.

Proprioception is essential to several conscious and unconscious sensations and automatic control of movement in daily life activities. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) may alter proprioception as it could induce fatigue, and affect neural processes such as myelination, and neurotransmitters synthesis and degradation. This study aimed to explore the effect of IDA on proprioception in adult women. Thirty adult women with IDA and 30 controls participated in this study. The weight discrimination test was performed to assess proprioceptive acuity. Attentional capacity and fatigue were evaluated, too. Women with IDA had a significantly (P < 0.001) lower ability to discriminate weights compared to controls in the two difficult increments, and for the second easy weight (P < 0.01). For the heaviest weight, no significant difference was found. Attentional capacity and fatigue values were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in patients with IDA compared to controls. Moreover, moderate positive correlations between the representative proprioceptive acuity values and Hb (r = 0.68) and ferritin (r = 0.69) concentrations were found. Moderate negative correlations were found between the proprioceptive acuity values and general (r = - 0.52), physical (r = - 0.65) and mental (r = - 0.46) fatigue scores, and attentional capacity (r = - 0.52). Women with IDA had impaired proprioception compared to their healthy peers. This impairment may be related to neurological deficits due to the disruption of iron bioavailability in IDA. In addition, fatigue resulting from IDA due to the poor muscle oxygenation could also explain the proprioceptive acuity decrease in women suffering from IDA.

Effectiveness of Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting and concurrent training in the management of obesity: is the combination worth the weight?

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: We investigated, in men with obesity, the efficacy of the combination of two strategies (Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting 'RDIF' strategy vs RDIF plus concurrent training program 'RDIF-CT' strategy) known for their positive impact on body composition and then we explored the possible impact on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty obese men, age: 31.8 ± 7.05 years, BMI: 33.1 ± 4.2 kg m-2, performing regularly RDIF, were randomized into two groups: RDIF-CT (n = 10) and RDIF without training (RDIF-NCT) (n = 10). The RDIF-CT group participated in High intensity interval training (HIIT) program combined with resistance exercises for 4 weeks. Body composition, blood glucose, lipid profile, liver biomarkers and inflammation were assessed before and after 4-week RDIF. Both groups showed a significant decrease in weight, fat mass (FM), fat percentage (Fat%) and waist circumference (WC) and an improvement in blood glucose, lipid profile and inflammation. Fat free mass decreased significantly in RDIF-NCT (p < 0.05) while remaining unchanged in RDIF-CT. However, RDIF-CT induced greater improvements in body composition (i.e., weight, FM, Fat% and WC (p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.05; respectively)) as well as greater decrease in lipid biomarkers (i.e., TC, TG and LDL (p < 0.01 for all)), inflammation (i.e., CRP (p < 0.05)), and liver damage (i.e., ASAT, ALAT and Gamma-GT (p < 0.01, p < 0.05 and p < 0.001; respectively)) compared to RDIF-NCT group pre-post intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a combination of RDIF and CT induces greater changes in body composition, lipid profile, inflammation and liver biomarkers compared to RDIF strategy alone. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTER: PACTR202203475387226.

Safety assessment of fish oil green extraction and in vivo acute toxicity evaluation.

Sardine co-products can represent an interesting source of bioactive compounds, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and in particular omega-3. This study aimed to investigate extraction of oil from sardine co-products by enzymatic hydrolysis using two proteases: commercial Alcalase and protease Bb from a local fungal strain (P2) of Beauveria bassiana, which overproduces proteases. Despite a higher degree of hydrolysis (41.34%) than Alcalase (24.28%), protease Bb allowed the extraction of approximately the same oil content. Resulting oil from both processes had the same fatty acid profile. Interestingly, the all-produced oil displayed an attractive w6/w3 ratio, an indicator of nutritional quality, of the order of 0.16. The safety of the generated oils was also assessed by treating two groups of Wistar rats with the fish oil administered by oral gavage at the doses (30 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days using olive oil as a vehicle. Compared to controls used, both treated groups showed no statistically significant differences. Consequently, the acute oral toxicity evaluated by hematological, biochemical, and histological studies showed the safety of the oil generated using B. bassiana protease.

Correction: Saoudi et al. The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats. Molecules 2021, 26, 4875.

The authors wish to make the following change to their paper [...].

Phytochemical composition of Urtica dioica essential oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Background Urtica dioica (Urticaceae) is distinguished by its therapeutic medicinal and pharmacological properties from all over the world. This investigation was designed toassess the chemical composition, the total polyphenol and flavonoid content, antioxidant, anti-proliferative, and anti-inflammatory effects of Urtica dioica essential oil (UDEO). Methods GC/MS analysis was performed to assess the chemical composition, standard antioxidative test DPPH assay, reducing power assay, as well as the anti-proliferative capacities of UDEO against HeLa cell lines using the MTT test. In addition, the anti-inflammatory activities of UDEO were evaluated using paw thickness measurements in rats with carrageenan-induced paw edema and pathologic evaluation of inflammation in paw sections. Results GC/MS analysis revealed benzene dicarboxylic acid (14.69%), ß-linalool (9.79%), phytol (9.52%), menthol (6.65%), borneol (6.45%), 3-Eicosene (E) (6.10%), 1-8 cineole (5.60%) and camphor (5.36%) as the major components of UDEO. In vitro results showed that UDEO contained 191±2.04 mg GAE/g of polyphenols and 83.59±4.7 mg CE/g of flavonoids. In addition, the UDEO showed radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 0.14±0.003 mg/mL and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (optical density=0.556). A side from the UDEO's antioxidant properties, our findings revealed a reduction in ROS generation in the HeLa cell line. Furthermore, the anti-proliferative activity of UDEO is accompanied by acytotoxicity effect (IC50 at 3.20 µg ml-1). Data from inflammation models revealed that UDEO has an anti-inflammatory effect. The pretreatment with UDEO or Indomethacin (Ind) reduced significantly the volume of edema induced by Carr, the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), the reactive thiobarbituric acid (TBARS), the conjugated dienes (CD), the carbonyl proteins (CP) and the advanced protein oxidation products (AOPP). Furthermore, it restored the hematology parameters such as white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes (LYM), and platelets (PLT). In addition, it increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In UDEO-treated rats, the histopathological examinations of the paws revealed little infiltration of inflammatory cells. Conclusion The decrease in paw edema and human cell lines HeLa cytotoxicity showed that UDEO possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could be attributed to the high amount of phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Melatonin reduces muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress induced by exhaustive exercise in people with overweight/obesity.

BACKGROUND: Intense physical exercise leads to inflammation, oxidative stress and muscle damage, and these responses are of greater magnitude in people with obesity. Melatonin (MLT) is considered an endogenous antioxidant which may have beneficial effects against inflammation, oxidative stress and promote tissue repair after exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of MLT on inflammatory parameters, oxidative stress and muscle damage in people with overweight/obesity after a high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). METHODS: A total of 23 subjects with obesity (9 men and 14 women) age: 33.26 ± 9.81 years, BMI: 37.75 ± 8.87 kg.m-2 were randomized to participate in two experimental sessions: HIIE + Placebo and HIIE + MLT (3 mg). The HIIE protocol corresponds to 8 intervals of 1 min (90% of the maximal aerobic power (MAP)) alternating with 2 min recovery (45% of the MAP). Blood samples were drawn before and 5 min after each exercise session. RESULTS: MLT ingestion attenuated the increase of inflammation (C-reactive protein, white blood cells (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.45; for both) and Neutrophils (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.36)) and hepatic and muscle damage (Aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.25), Alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.27) and Creatine kinase (P = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.23). MLT also attenuated the exercise induced lipid and protein peroxidation (i.e., Malondialdehyde (P = 0.03, ηp2 = 0.19) and AOPP (P < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.55)). Concerning the antioxidant status, MLT intake increased Thiol (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.26) and Catalase (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.32) and decreased Uric acid (P = 0.02, ηp2 = 0.2) and Total bilirubin (P < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.33). CONCLUSIONS: MLT intake before HIIE reduced muscle damage by modulating oxidative stress and preventing overexpression of the pro-inflammatory mediators in people with obesity.

Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Cleome arabica L. Fruits Extract against Formalin Induced Chronic Inflammation in Female Wistar Rat: Biochemical, Histological, and In Silico Studies.

In recent decades, the use of herbs and plants has been of great interest, as they have been the sources of natural products, commonly named as bioactive compounds. In specific, the natural compounds from the Capparaceae family which has been proved to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti-carcinogenic activities, by several studies. Cleome arabica L. (CA) specie is the most used medicinal plants in Tunisia and elsewhere in North African countries for treatment of various diseases including diabetes, rheumatism, inflammation, cancer, and digestive disorders. The current work was undertaken to estimate the total phenolic, flavonoid and condensed tannin contents, to identify and quantify the polyphenolic compounds, and to evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory proprieties of CA fruits extract against formalin induced chronic inflammation in Female Wistar rats. In fact, the antioxidant activity was tested by Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging (DPPH), Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Nitric Oxide radical (NO·). Anti-inflammatory effect of fruits extract was examined using formalin (2%) induced paw edema in rats. Molecular docking tools were used to investigate the interaction of some compounds from CA fruits extract with the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) target protein. Our results showed that, the total phenolic, flavonoid and tannins contents, which were assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteu, Quercetin, and Catechin methods, respectively, were 230.22 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight (mg GAE/g DW), 55.08 mg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight (QE/g DW) and 15.17 mg catechin equivalents/g dry weight (CatE/g DW), respectively. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of five polyphenolic compounds whose catechin was found to be the most abundant compounds. The antioxidant activity of extract was quantified by DPPH, FRAP and NO· tests and IC50 reached the values of 3.346 mg/mL, 2.306 and 0.023 mg/mL, respectively. Cleome fruits ameliorated the histological integrity of the skin and alleviated the disruptions in hematological parameters (WBC, LYM, RBC, and HGB), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, TNF-α), C-reactive protein, and some oxidative stress markers (TBARS (-49%) and AOPP (-42%) levels, SOD (+33%) and GPx (+75%) activities, and GSH (+49%) content) induced by formalin injection. Moreover, the in-silico investigation had shown that CA fruits extract compounds have a stronger interaction with COX-2 active site, more than the reference drug "indomethacin" (two H-bonds). Our research gives pharmacological backing to the healthcare utilization of Cleome plant in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and oxidative harm.

The Role of Allium subhirsutum L. in the Attenuation of Dermal Wounds by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Wistar Albino Rats.

In our study, Allium subhirsutum L. (AS) was investigated to assess its phenolic profile and bioactive molecules including flavonoids and organosulfur compounds. The antioxidant potential of AS and wound healing activity were addressed using skin wound healing and oxidative stress and inflammation marker estimation in rat models. Phytochemical and antiradical activities of AS extract (ASE) and oil (ASO) were studied. The rats were randomly assigned to four groups: group I served as a control and was treated with simple ointment base, group II was treated with ASE ointment, group III was treated with ASO ointment and group IV (reference group; Ref) was treated with a reference drug "Cytolcentella® cream". Phytochemical screening showed that total phenols (215 ± 3.5 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (172.4 ± 3.1 mg QE/g) were higher in the ASO than the ASE group. The results of the antioxidant properties showed that ASO exhibited the highest DPPH free radical scavenging potential (IC50 = 0.136 ± 0.07 mg/mL), FRAP test (IC50 = 0.013 ± 0.006 mg/mL), ABTS test (IC50 = 0.52 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and total antioxidant capacity (IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.06 mg/mL). In the wound healing study, topical application of ASO performed the fastest wound-repairing process estimated by a chromatic study, percentage wound closure, fibrinogen level and oxidative damage status, as compared to ASE, the Cytolcentella reference drug and the untreated rats. The use of AS extract and oil were also associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress damage in the wound-healing treated rats. Overall, the results provided that AS, particularly ASO, has a potential medicinal value to act as effective skin wound healing agent.

Traditional risk factors and combined genetic markers of recurrent ischemic stroke in adults.

BACKGROUND: The involvement of traditional risk factors and combined genetic markers of recurrent arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in adults remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine significant clinical and genetic factors of AIS recurrence, and to investigate the combined effect of genotypes on the occurrence of a second cerebral ischemic attack. METHODS: We investigated a cohort study of AIS patients (18-50 years old) followed in the neurology department over 5 years. Traditional and genetic risk factors were carried through a multivariable logistic regression model. We used a Cox proportional hazard model for identifying predictors of recurrence. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy patients were enrolled in our study. The risk of AIS recurrence was 36.2% within 5 years. The potential risk of recurrence of AIS increased with traditional and genetic risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, and family history of cerebrovascular diseases. This risk increased with increasing number of genetic factors. The hazard ratio (HR) was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.97-2.67) for the subject with one genetic factor, 1.61 (95% CI 0.97-2.25) for combined methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphisms, and 2.57 (95% CI 1.32-4.99) for combined factor V Leiden (FVL) and MTHFR polymorphisms (677 or 1298). The HR for the three polymorphisms combined was 6.04 (95% CI 2.40-15.16). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that cumulative effect of both traditional and common genetic risk factors was associated with recurrence of ischemic stroke. We demonstrated for the first time that a combined genotype FVL/MTHFR profile increase the risk of a second cerebral ischemic attack.

MTHFR (C677T, A1298C), FV Leiden polymorphisms, and the prothrombin G20210A mutation in arterial ischemic stroke among young tunisian adults.

Arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in young adults is less common in older adults, but the underlying pathogenesis and risk factors are more multi-faceted. The role of inherited thrombophilia such as 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphism, (C677T and A1298C), factor V of Leiden (FVL) polymorphism, and the prothrombin G20210A mutations remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the role of prothrombin genetic factor in AIS among young adults in Tunisia and to assess the synergistic effect between thrombogenic mutations in the pathogenesis of AIS. In this case-control study, blood samples were collected from patients and healthy controls, all matched for age and gender. The difference between them is evaluated by using the chi-square test. The odds ratio (OR) was carried out to evaluate the associations between each polymorphism and AIS risk using a binary logistic regression model. Values were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. Patients carrying simultaneously the MTHFR polymorphisms (677T and 1298C) have a higher risk to develop AIS compared to controls. The heterozygous variants FVL increased the risk of AIS only when it is associated with MTHFR C677T or MTHFR A1298C polymorphisms. In conclusion, our study confirmed the involvement of MTHFR polymorphisms as AIS's important risk factors. The existence of FVL polymorphism or prothrombin G20210A mutation alone doesn't correlate with the occurrence of stroke. We assume that the presence of both MTHFR and FVL polymorphisms has a synergistic effect and increased the risk of the AIS.

Melatonin ingestion before intradialytic exercise improves immune responses in hemodialysis patients.

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to investigate the effects of melatonin (MEL) intake on systemic inflammation and immune responses during intradialytic exercise. METHODS: Thirteen hemodialysis (HD) patients volunteered to participate in the current randomized-crossover study. Immunological responses were monitored in four HD sessions at different conditions: [Exercise (EX) + MEL], [EX + Placebo (PLA)], [Control (CON) + MEL] and [CON + PLA]. MEL (3 mg) or PLA was ingested 1 h before starting exercise or the equivalent time in CON condition. During all sessions, peripheral blood samples were collected to assess c-reactive protein, complete blood count, and immune cells phenotypes before HD (T0), immediately after exercise (T1) and 1 h after exercise (T2) or at corresponding times in the CON condition. RESULTS: HD therapy induced a significant decrease in natural killer (NK) (p = 0.001, d = 0.85; p < 0.001, d = 1.19, respectively) and CD8+ T-lymphocytes rates (p = 0.001, d = 0.57; p < 0.001, d = 0.75, respectively) at T1 and T2 compared to T0. MEL intake prevented the decrease in NK and CD8+ T-lymphocytes, increased the proportion of CD4+ T-lymphocytes at T1 and T2 compared to T0 (p = 0.002, d = 1.18; p = 0.001, d = 1.04, respectively) and decreased the proportion of CD14++CD16+ Monocytes at T2 compared to T0 (p = 0.02, d = 1.57) in peripheral blood during HD therapy. Similar results were found in [EX + MEL] and [EX + PLA] conditions. CONCLUSION: This pilot study provides the first evidence that MEL intake alone or associated with intradialytic exercise displays potential immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The combination of MEL with intradialytic exercise may be an appropriate anti-inflammatory therapy for HD patients.

Melatonin ingestion after exhaustive late-evening exercise attenuate muscle damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation during intense short term effort in the following day in teenage athletes.

The present study aimed to investigate whether nocturnal melatonin (MEL) ingestion has beneficial effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage in young athletes. Fourteen healthy-trained teenagers performed two-test sessions separated by at least, 1 week. During each session, participants completed the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) at 20:00 h. Then, they ingested a single 10-mg tablet of MEL or Placebo (PLA) in a double-blind randomized order at 22:00 h. The following morning (i.e., 07:30 h), participants performed the same test as the previous night. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise. MEL intake increased the peak power (Ppeak) (p < .01), mean power (Pmean) (p < .001) and decreased the total time (TT) (p < .001) and the fatigue index (FI) (p < .05). Furthermore, MEL ingestion attenuated the hematologic parameters before and after exercise (White Blood Cells (WBC: p < .001 and p < .001, respectively); Neutrophiles (NE: p < .001 and p < .001, respectively); Lymphocytes (LY: p < .001 and p < .001, respectively)) and the ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP: p < .001 and p < .001; respectively) compared to PLA. Also, MEL reduced muscle and hepatic damage enzymes before and after exercise (creatine kinase (CK: p < .001 and p < .001; respectively), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH: p < .05 and p < .01; respectively), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT: p < .01 and p < .001; respectively)), Malondialdehyde (MDA: p < .001 and p < .001; respectively) and Homocysteine (Hcy: p < .001 and p < .001; respectively)) from placebo. Plasma lactate [La] and glucose (GL) remained unchangeable during the two conditions. In summary, acute MEL ingestion after strenuous late-evening exercise attenuated transient leucocytosis and protected against lipid peroxidation and muscle damage induced by strenuous exercise the following morning in healthy male teenage athletes.

HPLC-DAD Analysis, Antioxidant and Protective Effects of Tunisian Rhanterium suaveolens against Acetamiprid Induced Oxidative Stress on Mice Erythrocytes.

The present study was performed to assess the HPLC-DAD analysis as well as antioxidant and protective effects of Tunisian Rhanterium suaveolens (Rs) against acetamiprid (ACT) induced oxidative stress on mice erythrocytes. The in vitro assays showed that the methanolic extract of Rs has an impressive antioxidant effect proved by testing the total antioxidant and scavenging activities using BCB, DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively. Moreover, qualitative and quantitative analysis using HPLC-DAD revealed the richness of Rs in polyphenols where p-Coumaric, Apigenin-7-glucoside and Ferulic acid were detected as the most abundant polyphenols. In the in vivo experiment, ACT, used as a toxicity model, was given to mice at a dose of 20 mg/kg. The latter was the origin of hemolytic anemia characterized by a significant decrease in red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and an increase in bilirubin, LDH, osmotic fragility, reticulocytes and white blood cells number. Characteristic erythrocyte morphological alterations were also determined as spherocytosis, schistocytosis and dacryocystitis. The oxidative status of ACT-treated mice was also altered manifested by a significant increase in MDA and GSH levels and a decrease in SOD, CAT and GPx activities. When receiving the Rs methanolic extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg, all the parameters cited above were restored in mice. These remarkable corrections could only confirm the important antioxidant effect and the noticeable protective properties that possess Rs owing to its broad range of secondary bioactive metabolites.