De novo Crohn's Disease after Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unclassified: Long-Term Follow-Up of a Prospective Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry.

The risk of de novo Crohn's disease (CD) after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis (UC) versus inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBDU) or indeterminate colitis (IC) remains debatable. Here, we present updated results after long-term follow-up of a previously studied cohort of 334 patients with UC, IBDU, or IC who underwent IPAA during a 10-year period ending 2007. Of 334 study patients, 56 per cent were male and median age was 38 years (range: 8-81). Patients were classified as UC (n = 237) or IBDU (n = 97) preoperatively and UC (n = 236) or IC (n = 98) postoperatively. After a median follow-up of 76 months (range: 3-236), 63 patients (19%) developed CD within a median of 22 months (range: 1-213) from ileostomy closure compared with the previously published 40 patients (12%) with 26-month follow-up (P = 0.01). The development of de novo CD was similar for patients undergoing IPAA for UC (n = 40; 17%), IBDU (n = 21; 22%) or those classified as having UC (n = 42; 18%) or IC (n = 19; 19%) postoperatively; P > 0.05. Thus, patients with IBDU and IC can expect equivalent long-term outcome to patients with UC after IPAA. Pouch failure occurred in 13 (4%) study patients and was equal among all four groups.

Type and Quantity of Pharmacologic Therapy for Crohn's Disease before Eventual Surgical Treatment.

Treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) relies on medical therapy with surgery reserved for medically refractory cases. This study measured pharmaceutical therapies that CD patients receive before surgery. Prospective data were collected on 558 patients undergoing surgery for medically refractory CD from November 1999 through June 2014. Patient demographics and preoperative medical therapies were tabulated, including types and number of doses of aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and biologic therapies. Most patients had been treated with preoperative aminosalicylic acid (72%), steroids (77%), or immunomodulators (69%). Forty-two per cent of patients were treated with a biologic before surgery with a mean number of 20 doses (range, 1-130). In 29 per cent of patients, all therapeutic modalities were used before surgery. Biologic therapy was more common in the last seven years of the study compared with the first eight years (64% vs 35%; P < 0.01). More patients had been treated with all therapeutic modalities before surgery in the second half of the study period (37% vs 19%; P < 0.01). CD patients undergoing surgery have had extensive pharmaceutical treatment. In the current era, more patients have been placed on biologic therapies and more than one third of them failed all available classes of medications before surgical intervention.

Role of epidural and patient-controlled analgesia in site-specific laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Limited data are available comparing epidural and patient-controlled analgesia in site-specific colorectal surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate 2 modes of analgesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic right colectomy (RC) and low anterior resection (LAR). METHODS: Prospectively collected data on 433 patients undergoing laparoscopic or laparoscopic-assisted colon surgery at a single institution were retrospectively reviewed from March 2004 to February 2009. Patients were divided into groups undergoing RC (n = 175) and LAR (n = 258). These groups were evaluated by use of analgesia: epidural analgesia, "patient-controlled analgesia" alone, and a combination of both. Demographic and perioperative outcomes were compared. RESULTS: Epidural analgesia was associated with a faster return of bowel function, by 1 day (P < .001), in patients who underwent LAR but not in the RC group. Delayed return of bowel function was associated with increased operative time in the LAR group (P = .05), patients with diabetes who underwent RC (P = .037), and patients after RC with combined analgesia (P = .011). Mean visual analogue scale pain scores were significantly lower with epidural analgesia compared with patient-controlled analgesia in both LAR and RC groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Epidural analgesia was associated with a faster return of bowel function in the laparoscopic LAR group but not the RC group. Epidural analgesia was superior to patient-controlled analgesia in controlling postoperative pain but was inadequate in 28% of patients and needed the addition of patient-controlled analgesia.

Robotic versus laparoscopic cholecystectomy inpatient analysis: does the end justify the means?

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Robotic-assisted cholecystectomy (RAC) was introduced several years ago. With its more extensive use by surgeons, more information is needed regarding clinical and economic outcomes. METHODS: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample from the Health Cost Utilization Project was analyzed using HCUPnet, National Inpatient Sample (NIS) datasets and SAS 9.2 for the years 2010-2011. Queries were made for RAC and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) procedures with a primary diagnosis of gallbladder disease. Overall charges, costs, number of chronic conditions, comorbidities, and length of stay were calculated. RESULTS: RAC was $7518, +54 % (p < 0.05), and $4044, +29 % (p < 0.05), more costly compared to LC in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Total costs for RAC decreased by 14.6 % (p = 0.27) between 2010 and 2011, even though RAC was still costlier than LC in 2011. There was no significant difference in the LOS between RAC and LC in either years. Patients undergoing RAC had an increased number of chronic conditions compared to patients undergoing LC in both 2010 and 2011. CONCLUSION: LOS of RAC is similar to LC. Cost of RAC remains higher compared to LC although there was reduction in cost of RAC in 2011 versus 2010.

Sentinel lymph node intraoperative imprint cytology in patients with breast cancer-costly or cost effective?

BACKGROUND: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is now standard of care for breast cancer patients. Intraoperative imprint cytology (IIC) provides results to the surgeon, which may lead to a lymphadenectomy under the same anesthetic when it is positive for metastases. Thus, a positive IIC can spare the patient a second operation and the charges associated with it. The aim of this study is to assess the cost effectiveness of IIC in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study evaluated 98 patients who underwent a SLN biopsy between July 2008 and May 2009. The patients were divided into 1 of 3 groups based on the results of IIC and permanent sections: (1) true-negative (TN) IIC, (2) true-positive (TP) IIC, and (3) false-negative (FN) IIC. Total charges for each patient were extracted retrospectively, and nonparametric tests assessed differences in the charges between the three groups. RESULTS: The median total charges per patient for each population were the following: (1) $14,764.62, (2) $19,025.89, and (3) $29,750.64 (P < 0.05). A difference of more than $10,000 exists in total charges per patient between the node-positive population who did not benefit from IIC (FN) and the node-positive population who did benefit from IIC (TP). CONCLUSIONS: IIC is a cost-effective evaluation of breast cancer patients. The difference in total charges between the FN and TP groups outweighs the cost of the IIC. In addition to the reduced costs incurred by the patient and the hospital, IIC spares the patient the psychological and physical stress of a second operation.