Distribution of high- and low-risk human papillomavirus genotypes and their prophylactic vaccination coverage among West African women: systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: The second most deadly gynecological cancer worldwide, cervical cancer is steadily on the rise in sub-Saharan Africa, while vaccination programs are struggling to get off the ground. This systematic review's aim was to assess the prevalence and distribution of high- and low-risk HPV genotypes in West African women. METHODS: Original studies were retrieved from PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct. In these studies, Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA was assessed in cervical samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Hybrid capture, and sequencing. The quality of the articles was assessed and the results were extracted and reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-nine studies from 10 West African countries were included for the systematic review including 30 for the pooled analysis. From an overall of 17358 participants, 5126 of whom were infected with at least one HPV genotype, the systematic review showed a prevalence varying from 8.9% to 81.8% in the general population. In contrast, the pooled prevalence of infection was 28.6% (n = 3890; 95% CI 27.85-29.38), and HPV-52 (13.3%), HPV-56 (9.3%), and HPV-35 (8.2) were the most frequent. Quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccines covered 18.2% and 55.8% of identified genotypes respectively. CONCLUSION: Faced with this growing public health challenge in West Africa, it would be necessary for all its countries to have reliable data on HPV infection and to introduce the nonavalent vaccine. A study of the genotypic distribution of HPV in high-grade precancerous lesions and cervical cancer would be very useful in West Africa.

Characterization of High-risk Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Histologically Confirmed Ear, Nose and Throat (Ent) Cancers in Burkina Faso.

BACKGROUND: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV-HR) infections are responsible for 99.99% of cervico-uterine cancers and 50% of carcinomas of the oropharynx. OBJECTIVE: To characterize high-risk HPV genotypes (HPV-HR) in histologically confirmed ear, nose and throat (ENT) cancers in Ouagadougou. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-eight archived tissues from the ENT sphere, obtained over the last ten years (2007 to 2017) and histologically diagnosed in anatomy and pathology-cytology laboratories in Ouagadougou were included. These tissues were dewaxed with xylene; HPV DNA extraction was performed and HPV-HR were researched by real-time multiplex PCR. RESULTS: Among the fourteen HPV-HR genotypes tested for, seven were identified. The prevalence of HPV-HR infection was 15.6%. The most common genotypes were: HPV56 (45%) and HPV33 (20%). Squamous cell carcinomas accounted for 75% of cases, followed by lymphomas for 10%. The age range was between 5 and 80 years. CONCLUSION: The results show the involvement of a diversity of HPV-HR genotypes and a high frequency of HPV56 and HPV33 in ENT cancers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The appropriate HPV vaccination will considerably reduce the number of these cancers.
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Implication of low risk human papillomaviruses, HPV6 and HPV11 in laryngeal papillomatosis in Burkina Faso.

PURPOSE: Laryngeal papillomatosis is the most common benign tumor of the larynx of children. It is characterized by the development of exophytic proliferative lesions in the mucosa of the airways. Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been recognized as a causal agent among which HPV types 6 and 11 are the most frequently implicated. This disease affects the vocal cords and other important functions of the child. The difficulty of treatment is related to the high recurrence of papilloma growth after surgical removal. The objective of this study was to describe the implication of HPV6 and HPV11 in cases of laryngeal papillomatosis histologically confirmed in Ouagadougou. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study based on histologically diagnosed archival tissue; obtained in the last ten years (2007 to 2017) in the anatomy and cyto-pathology laboratories in Burkina Faso. These fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues were deparaffinized with xylene before HPV DNA extraction; then HPV6 and HPV 11 were identified by real-time multiplex PCR. RESULTS: The prevalence of low-risk HPV infection (HPV-LR) was 54.84% in histologically confirmed laryngeal papillomatosis in Ouagadougou. Among the HPV-LR positive samples, HPV6 and HPV11 genotype prevalence's were respectively 41.17% and 35.3% while the HPV6 / HPV11 co-infection was 23.53%. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the implication of HPV6 and HPV11 in laryngeal papillomatosis in Burkina Faso with a high prevalence.