Factors Influencing Sexual Violence Situation Witnessing Experience: For Korean Occupational Soldiers.

This study explored the influencing factors related to the possibility of a military colleague's intervention by comparing the awareness of sexual violence, gender consciousness, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem of Korean occupational soldiers related to the experience of witnessing sexual violence. From 4 September to 3 November 2022, an online survey was conducted targeting occupational soldiers working in all regions of South Korea by collecting snowball samples with gender allocation applied. Subjects responded to questions about sexual violence awareness, gender consciousness, witnessing sexual violence, social self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Data were collected until the number of professional soldiers with witnessing experience met the minimum target number by checking whether they had witnessed sexual violence among the response results. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and logistic regression. There were 102 subjects (40.9%) who had witnessed sexual violence by their military colleagues, and there were significant differences in sexual violence awareness, gender awareness, and social self-efficacy according to whether they had witnessed sexual violence. Compared to the unexperienced group, the group who witnessed sexual violence by their military colleagues showed significantly higher sexual violence awareness by 2.01 times and social self-efficacy by 2.27 times. In order to prevent sexual violence among occupational soldiers, it is necessary for military colleagues to play the role of active bystanders and witnesses. To this end, it is necessary to develop an educational direction and bystander's witnessing program related to the improvement of the unit's sexual violence awareness, gender awareness, and social role as a soldier.

Witnessing Risky Behaviors in Workplaces and Predictors of Sexual Violence Awareness.

To investigate the levels of witnessing risky behaviors in workplaces, such as sexual violence, and identify the factors associated with sexual violence awareness among employees. An online survey was conducted on 336 workers (aged 20-65 years), registered in an online survey company in Korea. The survey was conducted from September 15, 2021, to September 17, 2021. The participants were divided into equal quotas sampled on the basis of sex and age (participants' average age was 44 years, among whom 171 were women [50.9%] and 165 were men [49.1%]). The questionnaire contained items pertaining to demographic characteristics, gender consciousness, sexual violence awareness, witness experience, situational empathy distress, self-efficacy, and self-esteem. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression. Sexual violence awareness was lower among male workers than among female workers (P < .001), and sexual harassment and violence accounted for 54.8% of cases witnessed. The predictors of sexual violence awareness were age, gender consciousness, situational empathy, and self-esteem, with these factors explaining 53.9% of the variance. The findings highlight the need for strategies to improve sexual violence awareness and bystander intervention that are tailored to demographic predictors, such as sex, age, total length of employment, and position. These results could provide foundational data for developing sexual violence prevention education programs and practical bystander intervention programs focused on coworkers as well as promote relevant policymaking.

Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Stress, Anxiety, and Psychological Well-Being: Effects in a Republic of Korea Navy Fleet Crew.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program on perceived stress, depression, anxiety, and psychological well-being of a Republic of Korea (ROK) Navy fleet crew. A quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest/post-test design was used. Participants were randomized to an experimental group (n = 18) and control group (n = 21). The experimental group received MBSR for 90 minutes per week for eight sessions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Shapiro-Wilk, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and t tests. Results showed significant decreases in perceived stress (t = -8.24, p = 0.015) and anxiety (t = -0.25, p = 0.041) and improved psychological well-being (t = 2.58, p = 0.023) in the experimental group compared to the control group. No differences were found for depression between groups. These findings indicate that MBSR was effective in addressing perceived stress, anxiety, and psychological well-being of a ROK Navy fleet crew. This study suggests MBSR can be expanded to other populations at high risk for stress and anxiety. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 58(11), 48-55.].

Green tide development associated with submarine groundwater discharge in a coastal harbor, Jeju, Korea.

We measured the magnitude of submarine fresh groundwater discharge (SFGD) and associated nutrient inputs to Jocheon harbor, on Jeju Island, Korea, during four sampling periods, in order to determine the link between SFGD and Ulva sp. green tide development. Good correlations among salinity, 222Rn, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in harbor seawater suggest that SFGD is the major source of DIN and fresh water since there are no surface runoffs. Using a 222Rn mass balance model, SFGD to the harbor was estimated to be 5.8 ± 2.3 × 104 m3 d-1. The DIN inputs through SFGD enhanced DIN concentrations in harbor seawater approximately 10-fold of those in the open-ocean (outer harbor) seawater. Results from mesocosm experiments showed that the growth rate of U. pertusa increased by 160% on average due to the enhanced DIN concentrations (from 1 to 24 µM) through SFGD in this harbor. Thus, we conclude that DIN inputs through SFGD cause the green tide development in Jocheon harbor and perhaps in other green tide regions where river inputs are absent.

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (K-PSS-10) in Older Adults.

The purpose of the current study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (K-PSS-10). After translation and back-translation of the original PSS-10, a convenience sample of 342 community-dwelling older adults was recruited from senior community centers. Data were analyzed using factor analysis, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha. Using factor analysis with principal axis factoring with oblimin rotation, two factors were extracted. The two-factor solution explained 49.71% of the total variance. Internal consistency values for negative and positive subdomains were 0.87 and 0.71, respectively. Moderate relationships were found between a negative response to stress and depression (r = 0.42, p < 0.001) and quality of life (r = -0.45, p < 0.001). A positive response to stress had moderate significant correlations with depression (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and quality of life (r = -0.36, p < 0.001). Overall, the K-PSS-10 had good reliability, with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.75. The K-PSS-10 demonstrated the desired psychometric properties and was easy to use to assess the stress of community-dwelling older adults in Korea.

Architecture Design of Healthcare Software-as-a-Service Platform for Cloud-Based Clinical Decision Support Service.

OBJECTIVES: To design a cloud computing-based Healthcare Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) Platform (HSP) for delivering healthcare information services with low cost, high clinical value, and high usability. METHODS: We analyzed the architecture requirements of an HSP, including the interface, business services, cloud SaaS, quality attributes, privacy and security, and multi-lingual capacity. For cloud-based SaaS services, we focused on Clinical Decision Service (CDS) content services, basic functional services, and mobile services. Microsoft's Azure cloud computing for Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) was used. RESULTS: The functional and software views of an HSP were designed in a layered architecture. External systems can be interfaced with the HSP using SOAP and REST/JSON. The multi-tenancy model of the HSP was designed as a shared database, with a separate schema for each tenant through a single application, although healthcare data can be physically located on a cloud or in a hospital, depending on regulations. The CDS services were categorized into rule-based services for medications, alert registration services, and knowledge services. CONCLUSIONS: We expect that cloud-based HSPs will allow small and mid-sized hospitals, in addition to large-sized hospitals, to adopt information infrastructures and health information technology with low system operation and maintenance costs.

[Effect of muscle strength training on urinary incontinence and physical function: a randomized controlled trial in long-term care facilities].

PURPOSE: This study was done to determine whether muscle strength training programs have an impact on improving symptoms of urinary incontinence (UI) and physical function among elderly women with UI who reside in long-term care facilities. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted. Participants had to be over 65 years, score over 15 score on the mini-mental state examination, and be able to walk alone or with an assistant. Seventy residents were randomly allocated to either the training group (n=35) or control group (n=35). The program consisted of 50 minutes, twice a week for 8 weeks, and included Kegel's exercise, Thera-band training and indoor walking. Main outcomes were UI symptoms, peak vaginal pressure and physical functions measured with timed up and go test (TUG), one leg standing test (OLST), activities of daily living (ADL) and grip strength. Changes in outcome measurements were calculated from baseline to 4 weeks and to 8 weeks using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: There were significant differences in peak vaginal pressure (p<.001), TUG (p<.001), OLST (p=.012) and grip strength (p<.001) in the interaction between groups and time. CONCLUSION: Future studies are suggested to confirm the effect of muscle strength training in long-term care facilities where elderly women with UI reside.

Influence of culture and community perceptions on birth and perinatal care of immigrant women: doulas' perspective.

A qualitative study examined the perceptions of doulas practicing in Washington State regarding the influence of cultural and community beliefs on immigrant women's birth and perinatal care, as well as their own cultural beliefs and values that may affect their ability to work interculturally. The findings suggest that doulas can greatly aid immigrant mothers in gaining access to effective care by acting as advocates, cultural brokers, and emotional and social support. Also, doulas share a consistent set of professional values, including empowerment, informed choice, cultural relativism, and scientific/evidence-based practice, but do not always recognize these values as culturally based. More emphasis on cultural self-awareness in doula training, expanding community doula programs, and more integration of doula services in health-care settings are recommended.