[Use of stereoscopic vision for analysis of digital X-ray images of lungs].

The fundamental principles of digital stereoroentgenography are considered. A special adapter to digital X-ray diagnostic apparatus used to obtain X-ray stereoscopic pairs and Stumpf stereoscopic binoculars for analysis of stereoscopic photographs are described. Specific features of the stereoscopic model of lungs and an exemplary clinical case are considered.

[A study of digital x-ray detection systems with optical image transfer].

The work describes the performance characteristics of roentgenographic screen-optics-CCD-matrix systems based on the KRTs-1 digital roentgenographic system developed at SpektrAp, Ltd. The efficiency of X-ray detection is estimated from the minimum detectable contrast and maximum resolution. The effect of the X-ray imaging system components on the efficiency of detection is studied. The X-ray screen structure is shown to have a crucial effect on the efficiency of detection as estimated from the image resolution.

[Development of systems for digital fluorography and roentgenography on the basis of x-ray image intensifiers (XRII)].

A comparative review of characteristics of digital detectors for fluorography and roentgenography. Modern digital detection systems on the basis of X-ray image intensifiers (XRII) were demonstrated to be superior in terms of both X-ray image parameters and radiation safety of patient. Specifications of a new detection system for fluorography and roentgenography available from SpektrAP Ltd. (Russia) were described.

[Today's high-resolution digital X-ray study in the detection and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

The radiation technique is the only method for timely identification of pulmonary tuberculosis, and there has been no alternative to it so far. The authors provide convincing evidence for this, by conducting 720 test trials on an AMTsR-1 small-dose high-resolution (3.2 to 5 pairs of lines per mm) digital X-ray apparatus made in Russia. For space resolution, the obtained digital X-ray images are equal to full-format film radiographs, which allows one not only to reveal, but also diagnose tuberculosis and other diseases of the lung. Such forms of tuberculosis, as focal (9%), infiltrative (15%), tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes in the phase of infiltration (7%), fibrocavernous tuberculosis (19%) could be detected and diagnosed at the state of digital X-ray study of the lung in 100% of cases without circumstantiating linear and computed tomography. Computed tomography is indispensable to the diagnosis of tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes, bronchus, the types of disseminated tuberculosis, and bronchopleural fistulas.

[Determination of the detective efficiency of X-ray diagnostic systems by visual assessment of the maximal resolution].

Methods of calculation of the detective efficiency of X-ray diagnostic systems and corresponding radiation dose are discussed. These methods are based on evaluation of limiting visually detectable resolution of a test pattern. Resulting dose values are compared with those inherent in an ideal system.

[Digital fluorograph with automatic exposition]. / Tsifrovoi fliuorograf s sistemoi avtomaticheskogo vybora ékspozitsii.

Discussed in the paper is a system of automatic exposition choice in a digital fluorograph designed by the "Gelpik" company, Moscow. The perspective equipment variation is as follows: intensifying screen + optic system + charge-communication device-matrix.

[Analysis of dosage loads on patients and personnel in the use of "FSTs-U-01" x-ray image-enhanced fluorography]. / Analiz dozovykh nagruzok na patsientov i personal pri rabote na fliuorografe s URI "FSTs-U-01."

The paper considers the specific features of formation of dosage loads during studies on a digital fluorograph with movable X-ray image amplifier. It is concluded that smaller weekly dosage loads should be used for this type of fluorographs than those described in relevant normative documents.

[Methods and devices for low-dose digital fluorography]. / Metody i sredstva malodozovoi tsifrovoi fliuorografii.

The paper deals with the theoretical aspects of the required doses of the plane of a detector for digital X-ray fluorographic systems. It presents technical data on a small-dose fluorograph with an X-ray image intensifier.

[Approaches and problems in the development of radiodiagnostic equipment]. / Puti i problemy razvitiia rentgenodiagnosticheskoi apparatury.

The authors analyze the current status of technical equipment of different sections of roentgenology. Note shortcomings in the units manufactured and in the equipment of the sections of radiodiagnosis. Make conclusions about the tasks the Association of Medical Physicists of this country face.

[Method of controlling the diagnostic capabilities of roentgen equipment]. / Metod kontrolia diagnosticheskikh vozmozhnostei rentgenovskoi apparatury.

Some experimental results of applying statistical methods to detect details of internal structures examined at roentgenograms are presented. The method is most useful to control commercially available instruments during adjustments and clinical use as well as to evaluate operator's proficiency.