[Olfactory dysfunction and COVID-19 - current state of the problem]. / Obonyatel'naya disfunktsiya i COVID-19 ­ tekushchee sostoyanie problemy.

According to data from China, Italy, South Korea, Iran, USA, France, from 17 to 87% of patients with confirmed COVID-19 have a violation of smell and taste. Acute sudden anosmia may precede symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. Also, hypo/anosmia may be the only symptom of mild COVID-19. European, American and domestic associations of otorhinolaryngologists warn that, these patients may be hidden carriers that contribute to the spread of COVID-19 infection, because they have no indications for testing for the virus and self-isolation. Including anosmia in the criteria for self-isolation can help prevent the spread of COVID-19 infection. In addition, it would signal the medical staff to use full personal protection when dealing with these patients and help reduce the number of infected doctors. It is known that olfactory disorders can be conductive, perceptual or mixed. Olfactory disturbances in COVID-19 are most likely of a perceptual nature. Although, at the moment, there is insufficient data to determine the exact mechanisms of the onset of anosmia in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, however, there are studies that confirm these or those theories. The article provides an overview of the data available in the literature on this topic.

[The relationship between the post-rhinoplastic functional disorders, the surgical approach and techniques, the magnitude and extent of the intervention]. / Sviaz' postrinoplasticheskikh funktsional'nykh narushenii s khirurgicheskim dostupom, tekhnikoi i ob''emom operatsii.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the functional consequences of aesthetic rhinoplasty. The authors compared the results of corrective surgery depending on the surgical approach, the extent of the intervention, and the operative techniques employed based on large enough set of clinical observations obtained during the treatment of 253 patients. It was shown that the post-rhinoplastic difficulties in nasal breathing experienced by some patients occurred significantly more frequently after the use of the «endonasal¼ surgical approach than following «open¼ rhinoplasty (75% vs 68%). The functional outcome of the intervention was much better in the case of single-step rhinoseptoplasty than after the intranasal intervention (turbinoplasty, sinusotomy) based on the results of objective assessment (the total volumetric flow (TVF) 629±98 cub. cm/s and 397±65 cub. cm/s respectively; p<0.05). It is concluded that the application of the structure-sparing tools during primary rhinoplasty, such as expandable grafts, extending flaps, and restorative transplants, can reduce the severity and the frequency of the functional disorders likely to develop during the long-term follow-up (TVF 550±85 cub. cm/s vs 303±50 cub. cm/s; p<0.05).

[Aesthetic and functional rehabilitation of a patient presenting with the consequences of congenital cleft lip and palate performed taking into consideration the specific ethnic features of the external nose (a case report)]. / Esteticheskaya i funktsional'naya reabilitatsiya patsientki s posledstviyami vrozhdennoi rasshcheliny guby i neba, vypolnennaya s uchetom etnicheskikh osobennostei naruzhnogo nosa.

The article demonstrates the method for reconstructive rhinoplasty used to treat a patient who underwent multiple cheiloplastic surgical interventions taking into consideration ethnic characteristics of the external nose. The operative technique involved the formation of lower lateral cartilage on the side of deformation and medial crura support, dorsum augmentation, and tip projection with the use autological cartilage and an implant. As a result, a significant improvement of the nose function was achieved in the combination with the good aesthetics outcome of the surgery.

[The results of a comparative randomized study of the effectiveness of various methods for the correction of the nasal valve: the objective evaluation].

The present comparative randomized controlled study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the most widely used methods for the surgical treatment of nasal valve dysfunction including sutural extension of the valve, stretching the lateral nasal wall in combination with the application of strengthening transplants, and the introduction of tissue expanders. The objective studies were carried out with the use of anterior active rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry performed within 1, 3, and 12 months after surgery. It was shown that the correction of dysfunction of the nasal valve with the application of expanding transplants is the most effective method for the normalization of the parameters of nasal breathing during the mid- and long-term follow up. Plastic surgery with the use of local tissues produces a less pronounced but stable beneficial effect whereas the sutural extension of the valve yields only short-term positive results. On the whole, the effectiveness of the latter approach is inferior to that of the former two methods.

[The results of a comparative randomized study on the effectiveness of various methods for the correction of the nasal valve: the subjective evaluation].

The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of several extensively used techniques for the correction of the nasal valve in terms of the main clinical manifestations with the application of various scales for subjective evaluation of the outcomes of the treatment. It was demonstrated in the course of this prospective study that the patients described the elimination of nasal valve dysfunction with the help of expanding transplants as the most effective method in terms of the improvement of nasal breathing and the achievement of the acceptable aesthetic results. The plastic correction with the use of local tissues was reported to be less efficacious even if ensuring the stable result. This method did not worsen the shape of the nose but failed to remove its existing cosmetic defect. As far as the aesthetic outcome of the treatment is concerned, the suture correction technique was recognized to be the least efficacious approach because it resulted in the deterioration of the nose shape in more than half of the cases.