RESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus is a global disease, and the number of patients with it is increasing. Of various agents for treatment, those that directly act on muscle are currently attracting attention because muscle is one of the main tissues in the human body, and its metabolism is decreased in type II diabetes. In this study, we found that hydroxylamine (HA) enhances glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. Analysis of HA's mechanism revealed the involvement of IRS1, PI3K and Akt that is related to the insulin signaling pathway. Further investigation about the activation mechanism of insulin receptor or IRS1 by HA may provide a way to develop a novel anti-diabetic agent alternating to insulin.
Asunto(s)
Glucosa/farmacocinética , Hidroxilamina/farmacología , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Western Blotting , Línea Celular , Humanos , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Insulina/farmacología , Ratones , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/citología , Fibras Musculares Esqueléticas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
We documented an interesting case of adult "unilateral (probable)" moyamoya disease displaying familial occurrence in two "definite" cases. A 55-year-old female presented with motor aphasia, involuntary movement of the right hand and right homonymous hemianopia due to cerebral infarction. Cerebral angiography revealed typical angiographic findings on the left side and normal findings on the right side; consequently, the patient was diagnosed with probable moyamoya disease. Previously, her mother and nephew had been diagnosed with definite moyamoya disease with bilateral involvement. The patient continued to exhibit unilateral involvement on angiography for more than 4 years. Clinical features such as absence of familial occurrence suggest that most cases of probable moyamoya disease are distinct from definite cases, especially in adults. To the best of our knowledge, this report appears to be the first involving an adult probable case characterized by familial occurrence. The literature pertaining to adult probable moyamoya disease was reviewed and the etiology of this disease was discussed.
