[Involvement of the temporomandibular joint in rheumatoid arthritis]. / A temporomandibuláris ízület érintettsége rheumatoid arthritis esetén.

The rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic connective tissue disease, that most of the cases involve the temporomandibular joint. The diagnosis of local involvement is usually not difficult because the disease often starts in other peripheral small joints. The radiographic signs can be observed more frequently than clinical and subjective symptoms. The local symptoms are pain, opening difficulty, stiffness in the morning and swelling. The maximal mouth opening is restricted by the reduced translatory movement of the mandibular condyle. The aim of this case presentation is to describe the temporomandibular aspects of the rheumatoid arthritis and to suggest the usefulness of the condylar movement registration in the diagnostic procedure of the disease.

[Use of antibiotics at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Debrecen Medical University in the last 10 years (1989-1998)]. / Antibiotikum alkalmazás a DOTE stomatológiai Klinika Szájsebészeti Osztályán az elmúlt 10 év során (1989-1998).

Just like in other areas of the medical science antibiotics are widely used in oral surgery, too. The aim of the present study is to give a retrospective survey of the use of antibiotics between the years 1989-1998 in the Section of Oral surgery of the Stomatological Department of the Medical and Health Science Centre of Debrecen University. Examined in the study was the antibiotic therapy of patients admitted to the ward, since that was accessible for follow-up unequivocally. The data were obtained from the case records. The study involves the number of antibiotically treated patients in relation to the total number of patients, the age dependence, the length of the treatment and that of the febrile condition. Also examined were the antibiotics chosen, the frequency and results of cultures, in the case of hypersensitivity, the application of alternative drugs. In a final summary, all these were broken down to years and the most frequent diseases. The most frequent disorders involved in the study were: fractures, abscess, cysts, periostitis, antroalveolar fistula--chronic sinusitis. On examining the quantitative parameters of use, it was found that use decreased as a whole and in its proportions, but there was a continuous increase in the number of patients in the course of the years. In the case of the fractures the duration of treatment decreased in the course of the years (from 9 to ca. 6 days). The antibiotic first administered was penicillin, whereas in 1998 the most frequently used drug was a broad-spectrum penicillin derivative (Augmentin) combined with a lactamase inhibitor. In the treatment of abscesses the most effective drug was Amoxycillin (length of treatment ca. 3 days, 1-day febrile condition). The days of treatment decreased with cysts, too, (from 15 days to 5). In their therapy., after the prevalence of Amoxycillin, Augmentin won the first place. The drugs of choice were Augmentin and Ampicillin in periostitis, too (secondary choice were cephalosporins). With antroalveolar fistulas the choice was similar (Augmentin, Aktil). One must take into consideration that added to the total consumption in the last years, were the antibiotic drugs applied for systemic surgical prophylaxis. In view of the prescription of antibacterial drugs used in oral surgery we can see quantitative and qualitative changes can be observed in the period under study.

[Comparative epidemiologic examination of caries in adolescents]. / Osszehasonlító caries epidemiológiai vizsgálatok serdülókorú fiatalokban.

The aim of the study was to assess the caries prevalence and oral hygiene in groups of adolescents living in two Hungarian towns and to establish correlations with socio-economical factors. Examinations of caries and oral hygiene were performed in 586 14-16-year-old children. The percentage of caries free children was 5.1%, the DMFT and DMFS values were 6.97 +/- 4.67 and 9.95 +/- 7.94 respectively. The VPI index was 41.6 +/- 32.7% (mean +/- S.D.), and showed positive correlation with the caries prevalence. The DMFT and DMFS values, as well as VPI decreased as the educational level of the father had increased. The number of siblings had a worsening effect on DMFT, DMFS and VPI values.

[Reproducibility of the centric relation mandibular position]. / A centrális relációs állkapocshelyzet reprodukálhatóságának vizsgálata.

The centric relation (CR) is an important position either diagnostically or therapeutically. It is supposed to register the proper position of the mandible in a verifiable and reproducible way. This study addresses the reproducibility of the CR. Intra-oral graphic recordings were carried out in 15 dental students and the antero-posterior and medio-lateral positions of the point of the tracings were evaluated. The tracings were reproduced within an area 162 +/- 55 microns on sagittal axis and 141 +/- 32 microns on transversal axis. The other aim of the study was to investigate the effects of the graphic and the leaf gauge registrations on the condyle position of an articulator. It was concluded that there were no significant differences in reproducibility between the two methods on sagittal and transversal axes, but on the vertical axis the graphic registration method proved to be significantly more reproducible than the leaf gauge registration.

[Morphologic alterations of tooth crown in patients with Turner syndrome and its association with orthodontic anomalies]. / Fogmorfológiai eltérések Turner-szindrómában és összefüggésük orthodontiai anomáliákkal.

In females with numerical and/or structural aberration of the X chromosome as in Turner's syndrome, somatic development deviates from the normal pattern. The aim of the present study was to investigate the tooth crown dimensions, and report the size of the alveolar arch of the maxilla and the mandible of patients with Turner's syndrome. The study population consisted of 29 girls with Turner's syndrome and 30 healthy female controls. All mesiodistal dimensions were significantly smaller in Turner's syndrome compared with those of normal controls. The labiolingual dimensions were smaller in the patient group with the exception of the canines and the lower central incisors. The alveolar arch of the maxilla was narrower and of normal length, but the mandibular arch was shorter and broader. Orthodontic anomalies were found more frequent and serious of patients with Turner's syndrome. Our examination showed the importance of early diagnosis of oral anomalies as well as dental treatment of patients with Turner's syndrome.

[Correlations between the prevalence of caries and the microbiologic parameters of saliva in patients with Turner syndrome]. / A Turner-szindrómások cariológiai statusának és a nyál mikrobiológiai paraméterei közötti összefüggések.

The aim of our study was to investigate the associations between caries prevalence and microbiological composition and flow rate of saliva in patients with Turner's syndrome. The examined population consisted of 29 patients with Turner's syndrome and 30 healthy control girls. DMF-T means, stimulated salivary flow, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in saliva were determined. Stimulated salivary flow was significantly higher in the patients group. Caries prevalence was found significantly lower in patients with Turner's syndrome, which finding may have been caused by the significantly lower counts of salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Statistically significant correlation was found between DMF-T mean values and salivary microbiological counts.

3D reconstruction based on hard tissue microtome cross-section pictures in dentistry.

The aim of this study was to examine the accuracy of the computerized 3D surface analyzing and volume measuring method in dentistry. Two different types of test objects were used in the first part of the measurements. Each sample of the two groups was cross-sectioned using a hard tissue microtome. The sections were photographed on both sides and were projected on a graphical tablet and analyzed using a computer program. The measured and calculated parameters were compared. In the second part, 200 microm thick horizontal sections were prepared from 11 human incisor roots using the hard tissue microtome. This way, five sections were prepared from the apical 2 mm of each root. The effects of section thickness and number were modeled by decreasing the inclusion rate of the obtained number of sections from 10 to 2 and its influence on the calculated results was determined. This method was suitable for the approximation and analysis of 3D parameters. The results indicated that using 200-300 microm section thickness, the measured values were approximately 8-21% lower than the real parameters.

[Genetic counseling and prenatal care after medications during the first trimester]. / Genetikai tanácsadás és gondozás elsó trimeszterbeli gyógyszerszedés miatt.

Analysis of the outcome of 127 pregnancies with first trimester medication (8.4% of the total number of the patients seeking genetic advice in 1997 at the Institute of Medical Genetics in Szeged) was carried out. The gestational age at the time of the medication and genetic counselling, the indications of the treatment, the drugs, the estimated fetal risk, and results of genetic ultrasound examinations and pregnancy outcome were evaluated. The majority of pregnant woman (78%) asked for genetic counselling before the 12. gestational week. The main indications the treatment were: infections, psychiatric-neurologic (depression, anxiety, epilepsy), endocrine (diabetes, hyperthyreoidism), and cardiovascular diseases and gastrointestinal problems. The main groups of the drugs were: antibiotics, antipyretic-, antidepressive-, antidiabetic- and antihypertensive drugs. When the multiple medication was conducted by simultaneous administration of two or more drugs, a complex risk calculation was performed. The fetal risk was higher than 10% in 31 cases (24%). The ultrasound examinations performed by qualified sonographer contributed to a correct evaluation and to reliable follow-up of pregnancies. No suspicious ultrasound finding was reported in the first trimester. However, a severe fatal brain malformation was found in a second trimester pregnancy, which was terminated by the couple's request in the 18th gestational week. A complete follow-up was obtained in 70.9% (90) of the cases. Out of 64 pregnancies intended to continue to term 4 fetal malformations were found. Of them three malformations (patent ductus arteriosus, Robin sequence and a ventricular septal defect) were explored at birth or in the newborn period. The actual 6.3% of fetal malformations was higher compared to the rate expected at birth, but almost equal to the rate of congenital malformation found up to the end of the first year of age in Hungary.

Oral manifestations of patients with Turner syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to conduct a complete analysis of orofacial abnormalities of patients with Turner syndrome. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty nine patients with Turner syndrome and 30 without Turner syndrome (control group) were studied. The subjects were screened for cariological and periodontal alterations, orthodontic anomalies, tooth crown morphologic condition, alveolar arch dimensions, and temporomandibular joint function. RESULTS: Significantly lower mean values for decayed, missing, and filled teeth were found for patients with Turner syndrome as compared with the control group. Plaque and gingival indices were significantly higher in the study group. Orthodontic anomalies were more frequent and severe in patients with Turner syndrome. Our investigation showed reduced tooth crown size in the study group. The alveolar arch of the maxilla was narrower and of normal length, but the mandibular arch was shorter and broader. There was no significant alteration in temporomandibular joint function in the 2 examined groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our examination showed the importance of early diagnosis of oral anomalies and timely treatment of dental problems for patients with Turner syndrome.

[Examination of silane ceramic systems by differential thermoanalysis]. / Fogászatban alkalmazott szilánkerámia rendszerek differenciál termoanalitikai vizsgálata.

In the present study two silane adhesive agents (Silicoup, Heraeus/Kulzer, and Monobond-S, Vivadent) and one type ceramic (VITA VKM 68) and their interface reactions were tested by thermo-analysis. The ceramic powder is thermally inactive. Using the two different silane solutions with the same ceramic type different thermical characteristics were found despite the same base material (gamma-methacryloxi-propyl-trimethoxi-silane). This can probably be attributed to the different configurations of the polycondensates.

[Cephalometric analysis in patients with Turner syndrome]. / Turner-szindrómás betegek kefalometriai analízise.

The aim of the study is to assess the cephalometric values of patients with Turner syndrome and to compare them to those of healthy patients in order to determine the severity of orthodontic anomalies and the possibilities of treatment. For our work the modified Ricketts analysis was used. Significant differences were found between the two groups regarding the B1, B2, P, AB ii angles and in relations of C:R. Early stomatologic treatment seems to be very important in this patient's group to prevent dental, periodontal and temporomandibular disorders.

A computerized method for mathematical description of three-dimensional root canal axis.

Knowledge of the three-dimensional (3D) morphology of root canals is important for successful endodontic treatment. The objective of the present study was to determine the 3D root canal axis mathematically. Two views (mesiodistal and buccolingual) of digitized images were taken from extracted natural human teeth. Geometric reconstruction to standardize projection geometry was conducted on images. Because 90-degree turn-around image pairs are Monge images of a given root canal, these Monge images were positioned using photogrammetric methods. Each well-ordered axis pair of a given root canal was put into a common coordinate system resulting in 3D polynomial function of the actual root canal. On the basis of the results gained using 10 samples evaluated with the Friedman statistical test, this description seems to be reproducible. The 3D representation of the root canal may help the clinicians in choosing the optimal instruments and shaping techniques. The root canal axis that is described by the 3D function forms a basis for determination of curvature values and torsion values in each of the axis points. Evaluating these values may also yield a new type of classification.

An atomic force microscopy study on the effect of bleaching agents on enamel surface.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of three peroxide-containing bleaching agents, Opalescence, Nite White and a 30% hydrogen peroxide solution, on enamel surfaces using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). METHODS: Fifteen non-carious human incisors (ten maxillary and five mandibular, extracted for periodontal reasons) were used. The teeth were divided randomly into three groups of five, according to the bleaching agents. The labial surface of each tooth was imaged by AFM before and after treatment. Each bleaching agent was applied for a total of 28 h (in individual 4 h treatments). The specimens were examined only after 28 h of treatment. RESULTS: On comparing the AFM images of untreated and treated enamel, surface alterations were observed after 28 h of treatment with Opalescence, Nite White and 30% hydrogen peroxide solution. Several grooves present in the enamel surface of untreated teeth became deeper after the bleaching procedure. The depths of the grooves increased in each case. The increase in the depth of grooves was more pronounced in the case of the 30% H2O2 solution. CONCLUSION: Home-use bleaching agents are capable of causing enamel surface alterations. It is hypothesized that the peroxide-containing bleaching agents affect the organic phase of enamel. Peroxides can affect not only the surface but also the inner structure of enamel. As a result of its low molecular weight, hydrogen peroxide can penetrate into the enamel. Thus, inner oxidative effects are more likely to occur in the subsurface enamel where more organic material is present and oxidation is capable of altering the outer enamel and the surface.

Associations between microbiological and salivary caries activity tests and caries experience in Hungarian adolescents.

The aim of the study was to assess caries prevalence in connection with salivary caries-related findings in 349 14- to 16-year-old Hungarian adolescents living in two different cities. DMFT, DMFS means, stimulated salivary flow, buffer capacity, mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and candida counts in saliva were determined. The ratio of caries-free adolescents was 4.6% in the total population sample, DMFT mean values were 7.24+/-4.86, DMFS means 10.50+/-8.35. Mean secretion rate of stimulated saliva was 0. 84+/-0.50; a low buffer capacity was found in 6.3% of the examined children. The ratio of carriers of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva was 89.7, 73.9 and 47.7%, respectively. DMFT and DMFS values as well as mutans streptococci and candida counts were lower in the capital than in the other city. Statistically significant correlations were found between DMFT, DMFS mean values, and salivary microbiological counts.

[The role of salivary immunoglobulins (secretory IgA, IgM, IgG) in caries prevalence and primary B-cell deficiency]. / A nyálimmunglobulinok (szekretoros IgA, IgM, IgG) mennyiségének és a cariesprevalencia közötti összefüggés vizsgálata deficienciákban (primer B-sejt).

The role of salivary immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM, IgG) in caries etiology is not yet clearly known. Our aim was to study whether there might be a connection between the amount of immunoglobulins in the saliva and caries prevalence. It was found that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05 or less) in secretory IgA, IgM, IgG levels, as well as DMF-T, DMF-S (approx) indices between selective IgA deficient, hypogammaglobulinemic, and healthy children, who had primary teeth.

[Relationship between dental status and salivary microbiology in adolescents]. / Serdülökorúak fogazati állapotának és a nyál mikrobiológiai vizsgálati eredményeinek összefüggései.

The authors studied caries prevalence in connection with salivary caries related findings, in 349, 14-16 years old Hungarian adolescents, living in two different cities. DMF.T, DMF-S means, stimulated salivary flow, buffer capacity, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus and Candida albicans counts in saliva were determined. The ratio of cariesfrre adolescents was 4.6% in the total population sample, DMF-T mean values were 7.24 +/- 4.86, DMF-S means 10.50 +/- 8.35. Mean secretion rate of stimulated saliva was 0.84 +/- 0.50, a low buffer capacity was found in 6.3% of the examined children. Ratio of carriers of Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and yeasts in saliva was 89.7%, 73.9% and 47.7% respectively. DMF-T and DMF-S values, as well as S. mutans counts were lower in the capital than in the other city. Statistically significant correlations were found between DMF-S, DMF mean values and salivary microbiological counts.

[Stomatologic implications of Turner syndrome II. Orthodontic disorders and some characteristics of the temporomandibular joint]. / A Turner-szindróma stomatológiai vonatkozásai II. Orthodontiai rendellenességek és a temporomandibularis ízület néhány jellemzöje.

Turner syndrome is a disease belonging to the group of chromosome disorders, which affect sexual chromosomes. The present study aims at analysing and describing orthodontic and TMI joint disorders in patients with Turner's syndrome, and comparing the results with those healthy controls. Data of 24 patients with Turner's syndrome as well as 24 healthy controls were collected and analysed. No significant alteration in TMI was found in any of the two groups. Both groups presented orthodontic anomalies, however, crowding was the most common anomaly in the control group, whereas in the case of patients with Turner's syndrome, other anomalies (protrusion, open bite, cross bite) could also be found more frequently.

[Stomatologic implications of Turner syndrome. I. Dental caries and periodontal status]. / A Turner-szindróma stomatológiai vonatkozásai. I. Cariologiai és parodontológiai status.

Turner's syndrome is a chromosomal abnormality with additional deficiency in gonadal and adrenocorticotropic secretions. The most frequent oral findings are: high palatal vault and hypoplastic mandible. The aim of the present study was to investigate the caries prevalence and periodontal condition of patients with Turner's syndrome. The study population consisted of 24 patients with Turner's syndrome and 24 healthy control girls. Mean age were 24.5 years in both groups. Significantly lower DMF-T mean values were found in patients with Turner's syndrome compared with the healthy controls. From among the investigated periodontal parameters probing depth showed no difference between the two groups, but gingival index and plaque index were significantly higher in patients with Turner's syndrome.

[Instrumental analysis of sagittal condylar motion pathway]. / A condylus sagittalis mozgáspálya müszeres vizsgálata.

An analysis of protrusive jaw movement was carried out using Quick-Axis mandibular motion analyser. The condylar path tracings were recorded of 46 individuals (21 women and 25 men). Three recordings were performed on each side and a tangent to the condylar curves was drawn to calculate the condylar angle. Considering all dates the mean value of angulation was 52.2 degrees. There were no statistically significant differences between the two sexes and sides. The authors' findings suggest it is advisable to perform three consecutive registrations on each side and calculate a mean condylar angle to gain a better result.