Staging and Management of Cervical Cancer at the Colposcopy Clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh.

Anjuman SultanaCervical cancer (CC) ranks as the second most common cancer among women in Bangladesh. Unfortunately, due to late-stage diagnosis and inadequate treatment facilities, the mortality rate remains high. The stage at which CC is diagnosed plays a crucial role in predicting a woman's survival. This study aimed to determine the staging patterns of CC at presentation in the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and the subsequent management provided to these women. This retrospective study was conducted at the BSMMU colposcopy clinic from January 2019 to June 2020. It included CC cases with known staging, spanning from January 2016 to June 2019. Data were collected from the colposcopy registry book, telephone interviews, and face-to-face discussions during follow-up appointments. The mean age of women diagnosed with CC was 48.59 years (±2 standard deviations). Among the 523 women studied, 107 (20.5%) were diagnosed at stage I, 124 (23.7%) at stage IIA, 240 (45.9%) at stage IIB, while the remaining 52 (9.90%) were diagnosed with Stage III and IV disease. Within the study population, 39 (7.5%) women underwent radical hysterectomy alone, 110 (21.00%) underwent radical hysterectomy followed by adjuvant therapy, and 184 (35.14%) received primary radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation. A significant portion of CC cases presented at an early stage, underscoring the importance of an effective screening program to prevent advanced-stage disease and enhance early detection rates. Establishing a patient navigation system immediately after diagnosis is crucial to prevent the loss of follow-up and ensure timely treatment. It is imperative to enhance the healthcare system's capacity to ensure timely treatment for cancer patients.

Influence of Demographic and Reproductive Factors on Cervical Pre-Cancer and Cancer in Bangladesh.

BACKGROUND: In Bangladesh, cervical cancer (CC) is the 2nd most common cancer with estimated 8068 new cases and 5,214 deaths every year. It is also revealed that different socio-demographic factors have association with CC. This study was performed to evaluate the colposcopy outcomes and the association of different demographic and reproductive risk factors with cervical pre-cancer and cancer. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the colposcopy clinic of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) between January 2010 and December 2016. RESULTS: A total 16147 women attended the colposcopy clinic of BSMMU with VIA positive reports. Among them, 65.73% women were referred from different VIA centers of Dhaka district. Mean age of marriage of the subjects was 16. 93 (± 1) and mean age of 1st delivery was 18.45 years (± 4.10). Almost three-fourth of them were married before 18 years and had their 1st delivery by 20 years. Colposcopy examination of the VIA positive women revealed that 36.7% had CINI, 10.6% had CINII/ III and 7.1% had carcinoma of cervix. Considering CIN as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 99.7%, 75.3%, 70.3% and 99.8% respectively. On other hand considering CIN2+ as disease the Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV and NPV of colposcopy were found 73.8%, 92.7%, 64.4% and 95.2% respectively. Statistical analysis revealed that higher age (p=0.000), lower level of education (p=0.007), lower socioeconomic status (p=0.014), higher parity (p=0.001) had individual influence on cervical pre-cancer and cancer. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated higher age, low level of education, lower socio-economic condition and higher parity as most important socio-demographic factors for developing cervical pre-cancer and cancer in Bangladesh.

IgY-binding peptide screened from a random peptide library as a ligand for IgY purification.

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is a functional substitute for mammalian IgG for antigen detection. Traditional IgY purification methods involve multi-step procedures resulting in low purity and recovery of IgY. In this study, we developed a simple IgY purification system using IgY-specific peptides identified by T7 phage display technology. From disulfide-constrained random peptide libraries constructed on a T7 phage, we identified three specific binding clones (Y4-4, Y5-14, and Y5-55) through repeated biopanning. The synthetic peptides showed high binding specificity to IgY-Fc and moderate affinity for IgY-Fc (Kd : Y4-4 = 7.3 ± 0.2 µM and Y5-55 = 4.4 ± 0.1 µM) by surface plasmon resonance analysis. To evaluate the ability to purify IgY, we performed immunoprecipitation and affinity high-performance liquid chromatography using IgY-binding peptides; the result indicated that these peptides can be used as affinity ligands for IgY purification. We then used a peptide-conjugated column to purify IgY from egg yolks pre-treated using an optimized delipidation technique. Here, we report the construction of a cost-effective, one-step IgY purification system, with high purity and recovery. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Correlation between helicobacter pylori and gastric diseases: a study in King Fahad Hospital at Al-Baha of Saudi Arabia.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common and significant public health problem. About 70-90% of the population in developing countries and 25-50% in developed countries were infected with H. pylori. Many studies have been undertaken concerning the role of H. pylori in the etiopathogenesis of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, as well as its role in the development of stomach malignancies. The objective of the present study was to find out the correlation between helicobacter pylori and gastric diseases among the Saudi population. This retrospective study was conducted at King Fahad Hospital at Al-Baha of Saudi Arabia between 1st January and 31st December 2004. Patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms attending at hospital were included in the study. Gastric biopsy specimens were obtained from 187 patients with different type of gastroduodenal diseases. Histopathological study of gastric biopsy was carried out in the laboratory of the same hospital. Grades of H. pylori density in specimens in the present study was classified according to Sydney classification. Total 187 patients were included in the present study. There age range was 06-98 years and 108 were male and 79 were female. Maximum 30.5% patients were belonged to above 60 years age group. Out of all respondents maximum 86.6% patients had gastritis followed by 6.4% had normal histopathological finding, 3.7% had non specific findings and 3.2% had malignancy. Positive correlation was observed between severity of gastritis and grading of H. pylori load. (r=+0.382; p value <0.001). The findings of the present study reveal that H. Pylori is responsible for many gastric diseases. It was also concluded from the study that severity of gastritis associated with H. Pylori increases with the heavy load of infection. To confirm the association prospective study with large sample size is recommended.

Leptin: a mysterious hormone; its physiology and pathophysiology.

Leptin (meaning thin) is attracting the attention of many scientists of the world recently. It is an adipocyte-derived protein hormone discovered in 1994. Human leptin gene is located on chromosome 7. It is mainly expressed in adipose tissue but also in skeletal muscle, stomach, placenta and mammary gland. Leptin play key role in food intake, energy balance, and adiposity as well as in immune and endocrine system. It acts as feedback loop to maintain the constant store of body fat. Leptin acts as an antiobesity hormone raising the potential of its use as antiobesity drugs. In future, leptin or its analogue may offer noble therapeutic approach for obesity or other leptin related disorders. This review focuses on current knowledge of leptin biology and the role of leptin in various physiological and pathophysiological states.