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Purpose: This study aimed to confirm the synergy effect of these two materials by evaluating osteoblast and antibacterial activity by applying a double-layered hydroxyapatite(HA) zirconium oxide(ZrO2) coating to titanium. Methods: The specimens used in this study were divided into four groups: a control group (polished titanium; group T) and three experimental groups: Group TH (RF magnetron sputtered HA deposited titanium), Group Z (ZrO2 ALD deposited titanium), and Group ZH (RF magnetron sputtered HA and ZrO2 ALD deposited titanium). The adhesion of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans) to the surface was assessed using a crystal violet assay. The adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells, a mouse osteoblastic cell line, were assessed through a WST-8 assay and ALP assay. Results: Group Z showed a decrease in the adhesion of S. mutans (p < 0.05) and an improvement in osteoblastic viability (p < 0.0083). Group TH and ZH showed a decrease in adhesion of S. mutans (p < 0.05) and an increase in osteoblastic cell proliferation and cell differentiation (p < 0.0083). Group ZH exhibited the highest antibacterial and osteoblastic differentiation. Conclusion: In conclusion double-layered HA and ZrO2 deposited on titanium were shown to be more effective in inhibiting the adhesion of S. mutans, which induced biofilm formation, and increasing osteoblastic differentiation involved in osseointegration by the synergistic effect of the two materials.
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Adhesión Bacteriana , Diferenciación Celular , Proliferación Celular , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos , Durapatita , Osteoblastos , Streptococcus mutans , Propiedades de Superficie , Titanio , Circonio , Circonio/química , Circonio/farmacología , Titanio/química , Titanio/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ratones , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/farmacología , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoblastos/citología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos/química , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos/farmacología , Línea Celular , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Adhesión Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to present a new surgical technique to convert a single roll of Descemet membrane (DM) into a double roll using 2 cannulas in a balanced salt solution-filled Petri dish during DM endothelial keratoplasty. METHODS: A single DM roll stained with trypan blue was placed in a balanced salt solution-filled Petri dish. Two cannulas (28G) were introduced from opposite ends of the single roll, inserted into the roll, and slowly spread apart to change the single roll into a double roll. The DM was aspirated into the modified Jones tube and loaded, maintaining a double-roll configuration with endothelium-down orientation in a bevel-up position. The modified Jones tube with the bevel down was inserted into the recipient anterior chamber through the main wound. The modified Jones tube was rotated to the bevel-up orientation. After checking the graft orientation, the DM was inserted into the recipient anterior chamber. The double-roll DM was easily unfolded by tapping the center of the cornea using a cannula. A 28G cannula was inserted under the DM, and the anterior chamber was filled with air. RESULTS: Three months after surgery, the patient's corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 6/7.5 and the endothelial cell count was 1095/mm2. The corneal thickness was 533 µm, and the cornea was clear. CONCLUSIONS: The double-cannula maneuver mechanically changes the single roll of the donor DM to a double roll outside the recipient anterior chamber, making DM unfolding easier and minimizing the risk of upside-down apposition of the donor DM.
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This study was carried out to screen the antifungal activity against Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum dematium, and Colletotrichum coccodes. Bacterial isolate GP-P8 from pepper soil was found to be effective against the tested pathogens with an average inhibition rate of 70.7% in in vitro dual culture assays. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis result showed that the effective bacterial isolate as Bacillus siamensis. Biochemical characterization of GP-P8 was also performed. According to the results, protease and cellulose, siderophore production, phosphate solubilization, starch hydrolysis, and indole-3-acetic acid production were shown by the GP-P8. Using specific primers, genes involved in the production of antibiotics, such as iturin, fengycin, difficidin, bacilysin, bacillibactin, surfactin, macrolactin, and bacillaene were also detected in B. siamensis GP-P8. Identification and analysis of volatile organic compounds through solid phase microextraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME/GC-MS) revealed that acetoin and 2,3-butanediol were produced by isolate GP-P8. In vivo tests showed that GP-P8 significantly reduced the anthracnose disease caused by C. acutatum, and enhanced the growth of pepper plant. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of pepper fruits revealed that GP-P8 treated pepper plants showed increased expression of immune genes such as CaPR1, CaPR4, CaNPR1, CaMAPK4, CaJA2, and CaERF53. These results strongly suggest that GP-P8 could be a promising biocontrol agent against pepper anthracnose disease and possibly a pepper plant growth-promoting agent.
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Purpose: This study aims to compare the accuracies of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas when targeting myopia versus emmetropia. Methods: A total of 450 patients were included, with 225 patients targeting emmetropia and 225 patients aiming for approximately -2.0 diopters of myopia. This retrospective analysis utilized data from a single eye of each patient, with preoperative biometric measurements obtained using the IOL Master 700. The study considered established formulas such as Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, Holladay 2, and SRK/T, as well as modern formulas including Barrett Universal II, Cooke K6, EVO 2.0, Hill-RBF, Hoffer QST, Kane, Olsen, and PEARL-DGS. Statistical analyses, including Friedman test and post hoc analysis, were employed to compare the accuracy of each IOL power calculation formula between the two groups. Additionally, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify variables influencing the accuracy of intraocular lens power calculation formulas. Results: In targeting myopia, all IOL formulas tended to exhibit a greater refractive error compared to when targeting emmetropic eyes. Notably, the Haigis, SRK/T, and Holladay 2 formulas were found to be highly influenced by this trend, while the modern formulas were less affected. Conclusion: The accuracy of IOL power calculation formulas diminishes when targeting myopia in comparison to emmetropia. However, the modern formulas appear less susceptible to this trend. Consequently, when aiming for myopia, the use of the modern formulas is recommended for enhanced accuracy in IOL power calculation.
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Sialylation during N-glycosylation plays an important role in the half-life of therapeutic glycoproteins in vivo and has sparked interest in the production of therapeutic proteins using recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cells. To improve the sialylation of therapeutic proteins, we examined the effect of sialyllactose supplementation on sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoproteins produced in rCHO cells. Two enzymatically-synthesized sialyllactoses, 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL), were administered separately to two rCHO cell lines producing the same Fc-fusion glycoprotein derived from DUKX-B11 and DG44, respectively. Two sialyllactoses successfully increased sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein in both cell lines, as evidenced by isoform distribution, sialylated N-glycan formation, and sialic acid content. Increased sialylation by adding sialyllactose was likely the result of increased amount of intracellular CMP-sialic acid (CMP-SA), the direct nucleotide sugar for sialylation. Furthermore, the degree of sialylation enhanced by sialyllactoses was slightly effective or nearly similar compared with the addition of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), a representative nucleotide sugar precursor, to increase sialylation of glycoproteins. The effectiveness of sialyllactose was also confirmed using three commercially available CHO cell culture media. Taken together, these results suggest that enzymatically-synthesized sialyllactose represents a promising candidate for culture media supplementation to increase sialylation of glycoproteins in rCHO cell culture.
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Cricetulus , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas , Lactosa , Animales , Células CHO , Lactosa/análogos & derivados , Lactosa/metabolismo , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Cricetinae , Glicosilación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genética , Glicoproteínas/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas/genética , Medios de Cultivo/química , Ácidos Siálicos/metabolismo , Ácido N-Acetilneuramínico/metabolismo , OligosacáridosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between change of effective lens position (ELP) and toric intraocular lens (IOL) rotation in patients with increasing postoperative refractive astigmatism after successful toric IOL implantation. METHODS: The subjects include 61 people (61 eyes) with increasing residual astigmatism >0.5 D 3 months after successful toric IOL implantation. Clinical measurements included preoperative, 1-week, and 1-, 2-, and 3-month postoperative visual acuity; refraction; keratometer; anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism; ELP by Scheimpflug camera imaging; and IOL axis by slit-lamp biomicroscopic photograph with pupil dilation. RESULTS: Residual astigmatism in postoperative month 3 (0.81 ± 0.50 D) is higher than that at postoperative week 1 (0.41 ± 0.38 D; p < 0.05). ELP decreased by 264.44 ± 163.25 µm, and the IOL rotated by 2.91 ± 1.44 degrees from week 1 to month 3 (p < 0.05). The ELP change had a positive correlation with IOL rotation (R2â¯=â¯0.383; pâ¯=â¯0.006), and the postoperative refractive astigmatic change had a positive correlation with ELP change (R2â¯=â¯0.272; pâ¯=â¯0.027) and IOL rotation (R2â¯=â¯0.272; pâ¯=â¯0.0001) from week 1 to month 3. CONCLUSION: ELP change can influence toric IOL rotation and increase residual astigmatism after toric IOL implantation.
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Purpose: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a method that can deposit zirconia uniformly on an atomic basis. The effect of deposited zirconia on titanium implants using ALD was evaluated in vivo. Methods: Machined titanium implants (MTIs) were used as the Control. MTIs treated by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching (SA) and MTIs deposited with zirconia using ALD are referred to as Groups S and Z, respectively. Twelve implants were prepared for each group. Six rabbits were used as experimental animals. To evaluate the osteogenesis and osteocyte aspects around the implants, radiological and histological analyses were performed. The bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratio was measured and statistically analyzed to evaluate the osseointegration capabilities. Results: In the micro-CT analysis, more radiopaque bone tissues were observed around the implants in Groups S and Z. Histological observation found that Groups S and Z had more and denser mature bone tissues around the implants in the cortical bone area. Many new and mature bone tissues were also observed in the medullary cavity area. For the BIC ratio, Groups S and Z were significantly higher than the Control in the cortical bone area (P < 0.017), but there was no significant difference between Groups S and Z. Conclusion: MTIs deposited with zirconia using ALD (Group Z) radiologically and histologically showed more mature bone formation and activated osteocytes compared with MTIs (Control). Group Z also had a significantly higher BIC ratio than the Control. Within the limitations of this study, depositing zirconia on the surface of MTIs using ALD can improve osseointegration in vivo.
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Oseointegración , Titanio , Circonio , Animales , Circonio/química , Circonio/farmacología , Conejos , Titanio/química , Titanio/farmacología , Oseointegración/efectos de los fármacos , Propiedades de Superficie , Microtomografía por Rayos X , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos/química , Materiales Biocompatibles Revestidos/farmacología , Interfase Hueso-Implante , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Implantes Dentales , Prótesis e ImplantesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: In the present study, we introduce human lacrimal gland imaging using an ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) with a soft cover and show their findings. METHODS: The representative UBM findings of palpebral lobes in seven subjects (four with non-Sjögren dry eye syndrome, one with Sjögren syndrome, and two healthy subjects) were described in this study. To prolapse the palpebral lobe, the examiner pulled the temporal part of the upper eyelid in the superotemporal direction and directed the subject to look in the inferonasal direction. We scanned the palpebral lobes longitudinally and transversely using UBM. We used an Aviso UBM with a 50 MHz linear probe and ClearScan. RESULTS: In UBM of two healthy subjects, the echogenicity of the lacrimal gland was lower than that of the sclera and homogeneous. But the parenchyma of a patient with Sjögren dry eye syndrome was quite inhomogeneous compared to the healthy subjects. In two patients with dry eye syndrome, we were able to observe some lobules in the parenchyma. We could find excretory ducts running parallel at the surface of the longitudinal section in some subjects. In the longitudinal UBM scan of a subject, we observed a tubular structure at a depth of 1,500 µm that was considered a blood vessel. It ran from the superonasal to the inferotemporal direction. In a subject, we observed a large cyst beneath the conjunctiva. CONCLUSIONS: Lacrimal gland imaging using UBM has both advantages of optical coherence tomography and sonography, and could be useful for evaluating dry eye syndrome.
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Aparato Lagrimal , Microscopía Acústica , Humanos , Microscopía Acústica/métodos , Aparato Lagrimal/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Síndrome de Sjögren/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome de Sjögren/diagnósticoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: This study is a retrospective case series to compare the accuracy of the Barrett toric calculator using predicted posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA) and PCA measurements using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) and a Scheimpflug camera. This evaluation was conducted across different types of anterior and posterior astigmatism. METHODS: A total of 146 eyes from 146 patients implanted with toric intraocular lenses were included. Mean absolute prediction error, standard deviation of prediction error, and the percentage of eyes with prediction errors within ±0.50 diopters (D) were calculated using vector analysis. Biometric measurements were conducted using the IOLMaster 700 and Pentacam HR. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on the orientation of both anterior and posterior corneal astigmatism. RESULTS: The Barrett toric calculator with predicted PCA yielded the best results, with 78.1% having a prediction error ≤ 0.50 D, which was a significantly higher percentage than the Barrett formula with the two versions of measured PCA (P < 0.05). In the subgroup with a horizontally steep meridian PCA using the IOLMaster 700, the Barrett formula with predicted PCA yielded the best results, with 78.3% of cases having a prediction error of less than 0.5 D. This percentage was significantly higher than the other two measured PCA subgroups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Barrett toric formula with predicted PCA demonstrated a statistically significantly higher proportion of cases with a prediction error ≤ 0.5 D compared to the two measured PCA formulas (from the IOLMaster 700 or Pentacam). This trend persisted even when the posterior corneal astigmatism was horizontally steep.
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Cosméticos , Lípidos , Lágrimas , Humanos , Lágrimas/química , Lágrimas/metabolismo , Lípidos/análisis , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the refractive outcomes after ultrathin Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (UT-DSAEK) combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation (triple procedure) in the South Korean population. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 37 eyes of 36 patients who underwent the UT-DSAEK triple procedure between 2012 and 2021 in a single tertiary hospital. Preoperative and postoperative refractive outcomes and endothelial parameters at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months were observed. RESULTS: At the final postoperative 12-month period, the average best-corrected visual acuity was 0.4 ± 0.5 in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution. The mean endothelial cell density at 12 months was 1,841.92 ± 731.24 cells/mm2, indicating no significant endothelial cell loss compared to the baseline (p = 0.128). The mean postoperative central corneal thickness at 12 months was 597.41 ± 86.26 µm. The postoperative mean absolute error at 12 months was 0.96 ± 0.89 diopters (D) and mean error was 0.89 ± 0.97 D. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our South Korean cohort study on UT-DSAEK triple surgery showed favorable and safe outcomes. Regardless of graft thickness, it should be noted that a hyperopic shift of 1.00 to 2.00 D needs to be considered in the case of UT-DSAEK triple surgery.
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Catarata , Trasplante de Córnea , Queratoplastia Endotelial de la Lámina Limitante Posterior , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs , Humanos , Agudeza Visual , Estudios de Cohortes , Refracción Ocular , Estudios Retrospectivos , Queratoplastia Endotelial de la Lámina Limitante Posterior/métodos , Endotelio Corneal/trasplante , Distrofia Endotelial de Fuchs/cirugíaRESUMEN
The occurrence of autophagy in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (rCHO) cell culture has attracted attention due to its effects on therapeutic protein production. Given the significance of glycosylation in therapeutic proteins, this study examined the effects of autophagy-inhibiting chemicals on sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoproteins in rCHO cells. Three chemical autophagy inhibitors known to inhibit different stages were separately treated with two rCHO cell lines that produce the same Fc-fusion glycoprotein derived from DUKX-B11 and DG44. All autophagy inhibitors significantly decreased the sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein in both cell lines. The decrease in sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein is unlikely to be attributed to the release of intracellular enzymes, given the high cell viability and low activity of extracellular sialidases. Interestingly, the five intracellular nucleotide sugars remained abundant in cells treated with autophagy inhibitors. In the mRNA expression profiles of 27 N-glycosylation-related genes using the NanoString nCounter system, no significant differences in gene expression were noted. With the positive effect of supplementing nucleotide sugar precursors on sialylation, attempts were made to enhance the levels of intracellular nucleotide sugars by supplying these precursors. The addition of nucleotide sugar precursors to cultures treated with inhibitors successfully enhanced the sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoproteins compared to the control culture. This was particularly evident under mild stress conditions and not under relatively severe stress conditions, which were characterized by a high decrease in sialylation. These results suggest that inhibiting autophagy in rCHO cell culture decreases sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein by constraining the availability of intracellular nucleotide sugars. KEY POINTS: ⢠The autophagy inhibition in rCHO cell culture leads to a significant reduction in the sialylation of Fc-fusion glycoprotein. ⢠The pool of five intracellular nucleotide sugars remained highly abundant in cells treated with autophagy inhibitors. ⢠Supplementation of nucleotide sugar precursors effectively restores decreased sialylation, particularly under mild stress conditions but not in relatively severe stress conditions.
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Autofagia , Glicoproteínas , Animales , Cricetinae , Células CHO , Cricetulus , Glicoproteínas/genética , Nucleótidos , AzúcaresRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe a new surgical technique for deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty. METHODS: All pupils in the recipient eyes were dilated preoperatively. Vertical grooving was performed using a crescent blade with a width of 5 mm and a depth of one-third to half corneal thickness on the temporal side of the limbus. Stromal dissection was performed as close as possible to Descemet membrane by observing the gap between the gold line by retinal reflex and the front edge of the crescent blade. Lamellar dissection was performed along the lamellar plane using corneal dissectors. The ophthalmic viscoelastic device was injected into the intrastromal pocket to separate the anterior and posterior stroma and an anterior corneal lamella was excised. A donor cornea was sutured into the recipient bed. RESULTS: In 18 eyes, none of the patients had Descemet membrane rupture during surgery. The mean postoperative residual stromal thickness was 80 ± 31 µm. The mean central corneal thickness after surgery was 660 ± 69 µm. At the last follow-up, the cornea was cleared in all 18 eyes on slit-lamp examination. CONCLUSIONS: We estimated the residual stromal thickness based on the gap between the gold line by the retinal reflex and crescent blade, and intrastromal lamellar dissection was performed using a smooth corneal dissector. Consequently, the surface of stromal dissection was smooth, and the residual stromal thickness was even.
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Sustancia Propia , Trasplante de Córnea , Disección , Humanos , Sustancia Propia/cirugía , Femenino , Masculino , Trasplante de Córnea/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Disección/métodos , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Enfermedades de la Córnea/cirugía , Enfermedades de la Córnea/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the correlated factors of corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) loss and ECD change in implantable collamer lens (ICL) explantation patients. SETTING: Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 93 eyes from 50 patients who underwent ICL explantation. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the ocular parameters associated with ECD loss, while percentage of ECD change (ΔECD%) was monitored up to 6 months postoperatively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to set cutoff values of ocular parameters to prevent ECD loss after explantation. RESULTS: In multiple regression analysis, high vaulting, high vaulting/anterior chamber depth (ACD), low anterior chamber angle (ACA), and high iris pigmentations are the significant factors of ECD loss. At postoperative 6 months, 14 eyes (15.1%) had decrease (10.5% loss), 47 eyes (51.0%) were stationary, and 32 eyes (34.4%) had increase (12.7% gain) of ECD. The ROC curve analysis showed that vaulting had the highest area under the curve (AUC = 0.822), followed by vaulting/ACD (AUC = 0.821), ECD (AUC = 0.753), and ACA (AUC = 0.723) (all P < .01). Preoperative ECD showed a sensitivity of 77.6% and specificity of 86.7% in preventing ECD loss after explantation, with a cutoff value of 1722 cells/mm 2 , as determined by ROC curve analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated that high vaulting is a significant factor in ECD loss among ICL-inserted patients. To prevent continuous ECD loss in ICL patients, close monitoring of ECD and making appropriate decisions regarding explantation may be necessary.
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Owing to the limited electrochemical stability window of carbonate electrolytes, the initial formation of a solid electrolyte interphase and surface film on the negative and positive electrode surfaces by the decomposition of the electrolyte component is inevitable for the operation of lithium secondary batteries. The deposited film on the surface of the active material is vital for reducing further electrochemical side reactions at the surface; hence, the manipulation of this formation process is necessary for the appropriate operation of the assembled battery system. In this study, the thermal decomposition of LiPF6 salt is used as a surface passivation agent, which is autocatalytically formed during high-temperature storage. The thermally formed difluorophosphoric acid is subsequently oxidized on the partially charged high-Ni positive electrode surface, which improves the cycleability of lithium metal cells via phosphorus- and fluorine-based surface film formation. Moreover, the improvement in the high-temperature cycleability is demonstrated by controlling the formation process in the lithium-ion pouch cell with a short period of high-temperature storage before battery usage.
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PURPOSE: In the present study, we determined the prevalence of obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), hyposecretory MGD, grossly normal MG, and hypersecretory MGD in patients with dry eye syndrome using lipid layer thickness (LLT) and MG dropout. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with dry eye syndrome were included in the study. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the LLT and weighted total meiboscore. The proportion of patients in each group was calculated. The age, sex, Ocular Surface Disease Index, LLT, Schirmer, tear film breakup time, cornea stain, weighted total meiboscore, expressibility, and quality of meibum were compared between the four groups. RESULTS: Fifteen eyes (17.0%) had obstructive MGD, two eyes (2.3%) had hyposecretory MGD, 40 eyes (45.5%) had grossly normal MG, and 17 eyes (19.3%) had hypersecretory MGD. The obstructive MGD group was younger than the grossly normal MG group. In obstructive MGD, the ratio of men to women was higher than that of the other groups. However, Ocular Surface Disease Index, Schirmer, tear film breakup time, and corneal stain did not show statistically significant differences between the four groups. The meibum expressibility of the hyposecretoy MGD group was worse than those of the other groups. The meibum expressibility of the hyposecretoy MGD group was poor than those of the obstructive and hypersecretory MGD group. CONCLUSIONS: This categorization was expected to help determine the best treatment method for dry eye syndrome, according to the MG status.
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Síndromes de Ojo Seco , Disfunción de la Glándula de Meibomio , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Disfunción de la Glándula de Meibomio/diagnóstico , Glándulas Tarsales/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/diagnóstico , Lágrimas , LípidosRESUMEN
Purpose: This study assessed post-market clinical outcomes of the Clareon monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) preloaded in the AutonoMe Delivery System in a real-world setting of Korean patients. Methods: This prospective, multicenter, single-arm study in Korea was conducted from July 2020 to December 2021. Patients were ≥20 years old with unilateral or bilateral cataracts who received Clareon IOLs (CNA0T0) preloaded in an automated injector system. Best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) were evaluated under photopic conditions. Surgeon delivery system preference was assessed using a survey questionnaire. Glistenings, surface haze, adverse events, posterior capsule opacification (PCO), and Nd:YAG capsulotomy rates were also assessed during the 12-month postoperative follow-up. Results: Mean ± SD monocular BCDVA was 0.02 ± 0.11 and 0.00 ± 0.10 logMAR at 1 month and 12 months, respectively. BCDVA of 0.2 logMAR or better was achieved by 94.4% and 99.1% of eyes at 1 month and 12 months after implantation, respectively. Mean monocular UCDVA was 0.11 ± 0.14 and 0.07 ± 0.13 logMAR at 1 month and 12 months, respectively. UCDVA of 0.3 logMAR or better was achieved by 97.4% of eyes at 12 months after implantation. Preparation of the automated injector system was rated as "very easy" or "easy" and CNA0T0 IOL delivery was rated as "very controllable" or "controllable" by all surgeons. Only grade 0 glistenings and no surface haze were observed during the 12-month follow-up. No clinically significant PCO or Nd:YAG capsulotomy were reported throughout the study; clinically nonsignificant PCO was reported in 23% of eyes. Conclusion: This 12-month real-world study of the CNA0T0 IOL and the automated injector system demonstrated excellent visual outcomes and high surgeon satisfaction.
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For realizing all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs), it is highly desirable to develop a robust solid electrolyte (SE) that has exceptional ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability at room temperature. While argyrodite-type Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) SE has garnered attention for its relatively high ionic conductivity (â¼3.19 × 10-3 S cm-1), it tends to emit hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the presence of moisture, which can hinder the performance of ASSBs. To address this issue, researchers are exploring approaches that promote structural stability and moisture resistance through elemental doping or substitution. Herein, we suggest using zeolite imidazolate framework-8 as a moisture absorbent in LPSCl without modifying the structure of the SE or the electrode configuration. By incorporating highly ordered porous materials, we demonstrate that ASSBs configured with LPSCl SE display stable cyclability due to effective and long-lasting moisture absorption. This approach not only improves the overall quality of ASSBs but also lays the foundation for developing a moisture-resistant sulfide electrolyte.
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Standard- and large-sized eggs of Trichuris trichiura were found in the feces of schoolchildren in Yangon, Myanmar during epidemiological surveys and mass deworming with albendazole in 2017-2019. The standard-sized eggs were identified as those of T. trichiura, but it was necessary to exclude the possibility of the large-sized eggs belonging to Trichuris vulpis, a dog whipworm. We conducted morphological and molecular studies to determine the species of the 2 types of Trichuris eggs. Individual eggs of both sizes were isolated from Kato-Katz fecal smears (n=20) and mechanically destroyed using a 23G injection needle. Nuclear DNA was extracted, and the 18S rRNA region was sequenced in 15 standard-sized eggs and 15 large-sized eggs. The average size of standard-sized eggs (T. trichiura) was 55.2×26.1 µm (range: 51.7-57.6×21.3-28.0 µm; n=97), whereas the size of large-sized eggs was 69.3×32.0 µm (range: 65.1-76.4×30.1-34.5 µm; n=20), slightly smaller than the known size of T. vulpis. Regarding standard-sized eggs, the 18S rRNA nucleotide sequences exhibited 100% homology with T. trichiura deposited in GenBank and 88.6-90.5% homology with T. vulpis. Regarding large-sized eggs, the nucleotide sequences showed 99.8-100% homology with T. trichiura in GenBank and 89.6-90.7% homology with T. vulpis. Both standard- and large-sized eggs of Trichuris spp. found in Myanmar schoolchildren during 2017-2019 were morphologically and molecularly confirmed to belong to T. trichiura. The conversion of eggs from smaller to large sizes might be due to anthelmintic treatments with albendazole.