RESUMEN
Compared to infant formula, breast milk is the best source of nutrition for infants; it not only improves the neonatal intestinal function, but also regulates the immune system and gut microbiota composition. However, probiotic-fortified infant formula may further enhance the infant gut environment by overcoming the limitations of traditional infant formula. We investigated the probiotic formula administration for one month by comparing 118 Korean infants into the following three groups: infants in each group fed with breast milk (50), probiotic formula (35), or placebo formula-fed group (33). Probiotic formula improved stool consistency and defecation frequency compared to placebo formula-fed group. The probiotic formula helped maintaining the level of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), which had remarkably decreased over time in placebo formula-fed infants (compared to weeks 0 and 4). Moreover, probiotic formula decreased the acidity of stool and considerably increased the butyrate concentration. Furthermore, the fecal microbiota of each group was evaluated at weeks 0 and 4. The microbial composition was distinct between each groups, and the abundance of health-promoting bacteria increased in the probiotic formula compared to the placebo formula-fed group. In summary, supplementation of probiotic infant formula can help optimize the infant gut environment, microbial composition, and metabolic activity of the microbiota, mimicking those of breast milk.
RESUMEN
Recently, in various industrial fields, including automated manufacturing processes, industrial robots are becoming indispensable equipment; these robots perform repetitive tasks and increase the productivity of the production line with consistent precision and accuracy. Thus, fault diagnostics of industrial robots is an essential strategy to prevent the significant economic losses that can be caused by a sudden stop of a production line due to an industrial robot fault However, previous data-driven industrial robot fault diagnostics are limited because a pre-trained model built for a specific motion may not accurately or consistently detect faults in other motions, due to motion discrepancies. To overcome this difficulty, in this paper, we propose a deep transferable motion-adaptive fault detection method that uses torque ripples for fault detection of industrial robot gearboxes. The proposed method is composed of two stages: (1) a residual-convolutional neural network is used to enhance the performance of feature extraction for simple motions, after first refining raw torque signals by filtering out the motion-dependent signals (2) a binary-supervised domain adaptation is performed to detect faults adaptively on multi-axial motions through adversarial contrastive learning. The efficacy of the proposed method was validated using experimental data from unit-axis and multi-axial welding motions collected from a real industrial robot testbed. The proposed method showed superior fault detection accuracy for the motion adaptation task, as compared to existing methods.
