[Case of Hematemesis Cardiopulmonary Arrest after Chemotherapy for Advanced Gastric Cancer].

The case is of a 66-year-old woman who visited a general practitioner with a chief complaint of cough. She was referred to the Internal Medicine Department of our hospital because an abnormal shadow was found in her chest X-ray examination. A CT scan suspected her to have a metastatic lung tumor, and gastric cancer was diagnosed on primary site search. The patient was started on G-SOX therapy. After 2 courses, she experienced massive hematemesis and was referred to the hospital. A CT scan revealed arterial bleeding into the stomach. She went into cardiac arrest shortly afterward, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation was started. Hemostasis was obtained by interventional radiology(IVR). Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy performed after hemostasis showed the tumor to be necrotic and shrunk. Bleeding from advanced gastric cancer is common; however, bleeding due to the effects of chemotherapy have been reported. We report a case of massive bleeding and cardiopulmonary arrest during chemotherapy.

Geospatial intelligence system for evaluating the work environment and physical load of factory workers.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of methods for evaluating the environmental and physical loads on workers in manufacturing plants, considering their locations. Participants were employees of DENSO CORPORATION's manufacturing facilities, and environmental sensors (for temperature and humidity) and BLE beacons were installed to cover the work area. Questionnaires were completed by the participants twice to assess their thermal comfort and fatigue in the work environment. The results showed that a regression prediction model with an adjusted R-squared of 0.418 for fixed-point temperature and 0.495 for perceived temperature was developed for thermal comfort. No linear relationship was found between environmental factors and fatigue, and a decision tree analysis was conducted. Relative humidity and activity level, along with temperature, were selected as predictor variables. The findings suggest that it is possible to estimate the work environment and workload without adding additional measurement-related burdens or challenges. This highlights the usefulness of the proposed method, which takes into account the environmental distribution throughout the work area rather than relying solely on conventional fixed-point observation data, for assessing workers' exposure to the environment and preventing occupational accidents.Clinical Relevance- The proposed approach, combining indoor localization with environmental status, can estimate the condition of workers and is expected to be a good solution for preventing occupational accidents and enhancing workers' health.

[A Case of Gastric Cancer Associated with Sjögren's Syndrome and Interstitial Pneumonia].

A 77-year-old man presented with poor appetite and dyspnea. A gastroendoscopy showed an advanced gastric cancer and a CT scan demonstrated diffuse interstitial infiltrative shadows in both lungs. Laboratory data showed high level of anti-SSA and anti-SSB antibodies, suggestive of interstitial pneumonia associated with Sjögren's syndrome. Although the levels of KL-6 and SP-D, markers of interstitial pneumonia, decreased after steroid and immunosuppressive therapy, the CT findings of interstitial pneumonia showed no remarkable change. Surgery was performed 2 months after the administration of prednisolone since the respiratory function had improved, allowing the administration of general anesthesia. A CT scan revealed remarkable improvement of the lung lesions after the surgery. Therefore, it is likely that Sjögren's syndrome and interstitial pneumonia manifested as paraneoplastic syndromes in the presented case.

[A Case of Bullous Pemphigoid Relieved after Sigmoid Colon Cancer Resection].

A 76-year-old man presented with many bullous lesions and erythema over his whole body in August 2014. Blood examination showed an elevation of the anti-BP180 antibody (658 U/mL) and a biopsied specimen of the skin lesions showed subepidermal bulla. A diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid was made based on the clinical and histological findings. Although 20 mg/day of prednisolone was administered, there was a poor response and consequently the dose of steroid was increased to 70 mg/day after 2 weeks. Bullous pemphigoid related to a malignant tumor was suspected. Colonic endoscopic examination revealed a sigmoid colon cancer and he underwent a sigmoidectomy with lymphodenectomy. The histopathological findings revealed a moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma, pT1b, pN1, pStage Ⅲa, and he received adjuvant chemotherapy(UFT/ LV). The dermatological findings were rapidly relieved after tumor resection and anti-BP180 antibody was normalized. He has had no signs or symptoms of recurrence, both of the cancer and the bullous pemphigoid, for 9 months after the operation.

[A Case of Local Recurrence and Lung Metastasis from a Rectal Cancer Treated with Systemic Chemotherapy and Cyberknife].

A 73-year-old man underwent abdominoperineal resection for a rectal cancer. He developed a hip pain 3 years and 6 months after the surgery. A CT scan revealed a local recurrence in the perineum and multiple lung metastases in the bilateral lung. He received systemic chemotherapy consisting of XELOX with bevacizumab. Thereafter, the hip pain was slightly relieved. The hip pain worsened 1 year and 6 months after the recurrence. The border between the perineal tumor and skin was very narrow, and conventional radiation therapy could cause a perineal skin necrosis and subsequent poor wound healing. Therefore, we selected a Cyberknife treatment. The hip pain was relieved and a CT scan showed a reduction of the perineal tumor's size after the Cyberknife treatment. A Cyberknife treatment may be effective and promising as palliation for patients with local recurrence of rectal cancer.

Anti-inflammatory effects of linagliptin in hemodialysis patients with diabetes.

Inflammation and glycemic control are important prognosis-related factors for hemodialysis (HD) patients; moreover, inflammation affects insulin secretion. Here, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of monotherapy with linagliptin-a dipeptidase-4 inhibitor-in HD patients with type 2 diabetes. We examined 21 diabetic HD patients who were not receiving oral diabetes drugs or insulin therapy and with poor glycemic control (glycated albumin [GA] level, >20%). Linagliptin (5 mg) was administered to the patients daily. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, GA, blood glucose, and active glucagon-like peptide-1 were determined before and 6 months after treatment. Body weight and serum levels of albumin, hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also recorded before and after treatment. The levels of PGE2 and GA were significantly decreased 1 month after starting linagliptin therapy, whereas the IL-6 levels were significantly decreased 6 months after starting linagliptin therapy. After 6 months of treatment, the PGE2 levels decreased from 188 ± 50 ng/mL to 26 ± 5 ng/mL; IL-6 levels, from 1.5 ± 0.4 pg/mL to 0.6 ± 0.1 pg/mL; and GA levels, from 21.3% ± 0.6% to 18.0% ± 0.6%. Glucagon-like peptide-1 levels increased 2.5-fold during the treatment. Over the 6-month treatment period, body weight and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, blood glucose, albumin, hemoglobin, and cholesterol did not change; none of the patients exhibited hypoglycemia. The anti-inflammatory effects of linagliptin monotherapy indicate that it may serve as a useful glucose control strategy for HD patients with diabetes.

[A case of colorectal cancer with pelvic recurrence treated by systemic chemotherapy and radiotherapy].

A 63-year-old man who had a history of rectal cancer and was treated with low anterior resection in February 2006, presented with liver metastases in September 2007 and underwent right anterior sectionectomy of the liver. He developed a pelvic wall recurrence with buttock pain in September 2009. This was treated with conventional radiation therapy and Cyber- Knife. The buttock pain was relieved after CyberKnife treatment and the patient received systemic chemotherapy in the outpatient clinic. Subsequently, he developed a left sacral recurrence with buttock pain and gait disturbance in August 2013. Since the tumor was located close to the field previously subjected to radiotherapy, we opted for CyberKnife treatment again. Although the pain subsided, our patient died of lymphangitic carcinomatosis in April 2014, 7 years and 2 months after the surgery. In this case, CyberKnife was effective in treating pelvic recurrence with pain, and thus, may have a significant role to play in the multidisciplinary treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer.

[Four cases of bevacizumab-related gastrointestinal perforation].

We report 4 cases of gastrointestinal perforation associated with systemic administration of bevacizumab. Case 1: A 51- year-old man with colorectal cancer (CRC) received mFOLFOX+bevacizumab (Bev). A small intestinal perforation occurred 7 days after Bev administration (Bev-a) and was successfully treated with omental packing. Case 2: A 50-year-old woman with CRC received capecitabine+Bev. A small intestinal perforation was detected 5 days after Bev-a, and was successfully treated with primary suture and an omental flap. Case 3: A 74-year-old man with CRC received CapeOX+Bev. A duodenal perforation occurred on the same day as Bev-a, but could be treated conservatively. Case 4: A 57-year-old man with lung cancer received DTX+Bev. A small intestinal perforation occurred 13 days after Bev-a, but this could be managed with primary suture and an omental flap. The gastrointestinal perforation presented with mild abdominal pain and was detected within 14 days after Bev-a in each of these 4 cases. Three patients were successfully treated with only minimal surgical procedures and 1 patient could be managed with conservative treatment for a perforated duodenal ulcer.

[Two cases of recurrent invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung showing marked responses to platinum-based chemotherapyregimens with pemetrexed and bevacizumab].

Here, we report 2 cases of recurrent invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung after surgery, which showed marked responses to platinum-based regimens with pemetrexed(PEM)and bevacizumab(BEV). The first patient was diagnosed with stage I B(p-T2N0M0)invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, and new nodules were detected on computed tomography (CT)after 24 months of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil/tegafur(UFT). Therefore, the patient was administered carboplatin(CBDCA; AUC 5.0), PEM(500mg/m2), and BEV(15mg/kg)for 6 courses followed by BEV(15mg/kg)for 3 courses, resulting in a complete response. The second patient was diagnosed with stage IV(p-T3N0M1)invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma, and metastases appeared after the surgery. The patient was treated with S-1 for 18 weeks, but the tumor recurred 18weeks after surgery. Therefore, the patient was administered 4 courses of cisplatin(CDDP 60mg/m2), PEM(500mg/m2), and BEV(15mg/kg)followed by 5 courses of PEM(15mg/kg)as maintenance therapy. This resulted in a good response. The first patient had grade 3 toxicities at the sixth course of combined CBDCA-PEM-BEV therapy, while the second patient did not have any adverse events throughout chemotherapy. These 2 cases showed that platinum-based regimens with PEM and BEV may be a good choice for patients with invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung.

Pneumonitis induced by rifampicin: a case report and literature review.

An 84-year-old woman being treated for miliary tuberculosis (TB) with rifampicin (RFP), isoniazid (INH), ethambutol (EB) and corticosteroids suffered from a persistent fever for five months. While tapering the dose of prednisolone, chest computed tomography (CT) revealed diffuse ground glass opacities (GGO) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed an increase in lymphocytes. After the anti-TB drugs were discontinued and the dose of the corticosteroids was increased, the CT findings and fever improved considerably. However, readministration of RFP provoked an inflammatory reaction, leading to a diagnosis of RFP-induced pneumonitis. This condition is very rare. This is the first report of RFP-induced pneumonitis occurring during adjunct steroid therapy.

Orbital metastasis secondary to pulmonary adenocarcinoma treated with gefitinib: a case report.

INTRODUCTION: Orbital metastases of lung cancer are rare. However, because the number of patients diagnosed with lung cancer is increasing, the probability that a physician will see a patient with an orbital metastasis is also increasing. Unfortunately, the clinical course and response of these patients to cytotoxic chemotherapy are generally poor and keeping a patient's quality of vision is difficult. In recent years, gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has brightened the outlook for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, especially for those who carry epidermal growth factor receptor-activating mutations. CASE PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old Japanese man presented with swelling of the eyelid margin and ptosis of his right eye. A physical examination revealed double vision in his right eye and an alteration in elevator muscle mobility. A magnetic resonance image demonstrated a right intra-orbital mass (18 × 16mm). Screening examinations were carried out because this mass was suspected to be a metastasis from another organ. Chest computed tomography revealed a 42 × 37mm mass shadow on the left side of the hilum with mediastinal lymph node metastases. Adenocarcinoma with an epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation (exon 19 deletion L747-E749; A750P) was detected in a transbronchial biopsy specimen; the patient was diagnosed with stage IV (T2N2M1) non-small cell lung cancer.Gefitinib (250mg/day) was chosen as first-line chemotherapy because there was no pre-existing interstitial shadow. After two months of treatment, the patient's right eye opened completely and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging revealed a marked reduction of the intra-orbital mass to 14 × 13mm. Three months after treatment initiation, a follow-up computed tomography showed a marked reduction in the size of the primary lesion to 23 × 20mm. The patient is continuing gefitinib treatment without any adverse effects noted on computed tomography, physical, or laboratory examination. CONCLUSIONS: We report the case of a patient with an orbital non-small cell lung cancer metastasis with epidermal growth factor receptor-activating mutations. This metastasis, as well as the primary lesion, showed a marked response to the molecular targeting drug gefitinib, and the patient's vision was kept without an invasive procedure. Gefitinib may be a good first choice for patients with orbital non-small cell lung cancer metastasis harboring epidermal growth factor receptor-activating mutations.

[A project of the 6th chapter of the Oncology Research Group, Aichi Prefectural Society of Hospital Pharmacists: an attempt to make a pamphlet for patients undergoing LEED therapy, based on analysis of complications].

To date, medical guidance for patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy has mainly been with regard to individual medicines. Only a few reports have been available dealing with information on side effects by a regimen unit. Therefore, we accumulated information on side effects and made a pamphlet for patients with malignant lymphoma undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation after Melphalan (L-PAM), Cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), VP-16 (etoposide) and Dexamethasone (LEED)therapy, for the purpose of explanation for patients on pharmacist's rounds. This pamphlet consists of time schedule of anticancer therapy, harmful phenomena due to cancer chemotherapy and counterplans for such side effects. Easy-to-understand graphics are used to explain the appearance and duration of side effects by anticancer agents. This pamphlet will serve to improve comprehension and the attitude of patients toward cancer chemotherapy. The pamphlets will also be a useful tool to reassure patients on pharmacist's rounds.