Modification of a spectrophotometric method for assessment of monoamine oxidase activity with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine as a derivatizing reagent.

The aim of the study was to modify a simple and widely used spectrophotometric assay for MAO activity evaluation with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. A modified procedure includes molar absorption coefficients of 2,4-DNP-hydrazone benzaldehyde and 2,4-DNP-hydrazone 5-hydroxyindolylacetaldehyde as 2.3 × 104mol-1l cm-1 and 1.0 × 104 mol-1l cm-1, respectively. Such an approach allows to express specific enzyme activity as nmol product formed/min/mg protein.

Effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 on erythropoiesis in vitro.

The effects of fullerenol C60(OH)24 in doses of 0.1-100 µg/ml on erythropoiesis were studied in the culture of erythroblastic islets of the bone marrow. Fullerenol in concentrations of 10 and 100 µg/ml had negative effects on the development of erythroid tissue: it inhibits proliferation of erythroid cells, delays erythroblast maturation, decelerates recruitment of erythroid CFU to differentiation, and suppresses repeated involvement of macrophages in erythroblastic islets.

Dependence of immune system function and metabolism on reactive anxiety.

Reactive anxiety, immune system function, and metabolism were studied in healthy volunteers. Temperament characteristics, state of health, number of leukocytes and platelets, and concentration of glucose, albumin, and fibrinogen significantly differed in subjects with low, moderate, and high level of reactive anxiety.

[The question of mechanisms of the immunotropic effect of mineral drinking waters]. / K voprosu o mekhanizmakh immunotropnogo deistviia pit'evykh mineral'nykh vod.

Drinking of mineral waters influences human immune system. Among the mechanisms of this action is a stress effect confirmed by increasing levels of glucocorticoids, catecholamines, by hyperglycemia, etc. Regular drinking of mineral water brings about adaptation. Development of long-term adaptation provokes defensive cross effects. It is suggested that an immunotropic action of mineral waters may be a manifestation of a defensive cross effect of the organism adaptation. Immunostimulation may also be related to suppression of T-suppressors activity and changes in cytokines levels.

[Effects of sodium hydrogen carbonate-chloride-containing mineral water on stress sensitivity in rats]. / Otsenka vliianiia gidrokarbonatno-khloridnoi natrievoi mineral'noi vody na chuvstvitel'nost' krys k deistviiu stressa.

The investigation used the mineral water (MW) Uralochka obtained from well 4638 located on the territory of the sanatorium Ural (the village of Khomutino, Chelyabinsk Region). Experimental findings suggest that the use of the Uralochka water for 14 days lowers experimental animals' sensitivity to stress. This is manifested by that MW use virtually completely eliminated the hematological manifestations of stress, poststress depression of a cell immunity response and prevented the reduction of cell counts in the abdominal cavity. The immunostimulating effect of the Uralochka MW on humoral immunity and the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages preserved with the combined influence of stress and MW.

[An evaluation of the effect of sodium bicarbonate-chloride mineral water on the rat immune system]. / Otsenka vliianiia gidrokarbonatno-khloridnoi natrievoi mineral'noi vody na immunnuiu sistemu krys.

Mineral water Uralochka tried in rats is obtained from the spring in the territory of the sanatorium Ural (Chelyabinsk Province). The mineral water contains chloride, hydrocarbonate ions and sodium cations, mineralization is 4.13 g/dm3. A 15-day course of Uralochka drinking did not influence much reaction of delayed hypersensitivity, but increased the absolute number of antibody-forming cells by 95.86%, raised the ability of peritoneal macrophages to absorb latex particles. Thus, mineral water Uralochka can raise intensity of humoral immune response and the ability of macrophages for phagocytosis of the latex particles. Phagocytosis activity and intensity increased by 48.27 and 62.13%, respectively.

[Changes in tissue monoamine oxidase activity and resistance to acute hypoxia in rats during stress]. / Izmeneniia aktivnosti monoaminoksidazy tkanei i ustoichivosti k ostroi gipoksii u krys pri stresse.

Male Wistar rats exposed to different stresses developed shifts in the brain and liver monoaminoxidase activity. In the so called "cognitive" stimulation, the activity was enhanced in the brain and reduced in liver. Mild stresses also enhanced the activity in the brain. Extreme stimulation (starch peritonitis) caused a significant diminishing of the activity in the brain. All the stress schedules accompanied by enhancement of the brain monoaminoxidase activity increased the rats' tolerance of acute hypoxic hypoxia. Negative correlations between the blood lactic acid contents and the brain monoaminoxidase activity were revealed in rats of both the control and the "cognitive" groups. The findings suggest a direct interrelationship between post-stress shifts of the brain monoaminoxidase activity and the hypoxia tolerance.

[Role of neutrophils in regulation of immune responsiveness and reparative reactions of damaged tissue]. / Rol' neitrofilov v reguliatsii immunnoi reaktivnosti i reparativnykh reaktsii povrezhdennoi tkani.

After both thermal and mechanical injuries, mice are shown to have depressed functions of phagocytes (primarily neutrophils), suppressed ability of an immune response to antigens and decreased skin inflammatory and reparative activities. It is suggested that a neutrophilic secretory defect and a decrease in the production of stimulating factors might be a cause of the above effects. After thermal and mechanical injuries, injection of neutrophilokin extracted from latex-activated neutrophilic supernatant into the mice promoted recovered phagocytic functional activity, higher humoral and cellular immune response and increased the rate of standard burn wound healing. Neutrophilokin also accelerated clavus formation in mice with mechanical injury. Thus, it can be concluded that neutrophils and their low-molecular secretory products play an important role in regulating immune and inflammatory reparative homeostasis in thermal and mechanical injuries.

[The effect of "cognitive" and "noncognitive" exposures on the sensitivity to stressor hormones and the choice of adaptation strategy]. / Vliianie "kognitivnogo" i "nekognitivnogo" vozdeistvii na chuvstvitel'nost' k stressornym gormonam i vybor adaptatsionnoi strategii.

Experimental data have shown that repeated exposure to both "cognitive" (recognized by the nervous system) and "noncognitive" (recognized by the immune system) stimuli induces so-called "tolerant (resource-preserving adaptation strategy". This strategy is characterized by enhanced hypoxia tolerance, reduced sensitivity to stress (catabolic) hormones, such as glucocorticoids and adrenomimetics, and increased sensitivity to insulin (central anabolic hormone). Such shifts appear more pronounced in case of "noncognitive" stimulation, which is also capable of inducing a hypocatabolic state. Nonspecific immunostimulation associated with repeated stress is considered as an appreciable stress-limiting process despite initial "cognitivity" of stressogenic stimulation.

[Variable changes in immune reactivity and stress-sensitivity as a factor of selection of adaptation strategy under unfavorable conditions]. / Raznonapravlennost' izmenenii immunnoi reaktivnosti i stress-chuvstvitel'nosti kak faktor vybora adaptatsionnoi strategii v neblagopriiatnykh usloviiakh.

Experimental data are provided which substantiate the concept on reciprocal changes in immune reactivity and stress sensitivity as a basis for selection of adaptation strategy under unfavorable conditions. The data obtained suggest that transition from the resistant (stress) strategy of adaptation to hypobiosis is a prerequisite for maintenance of the immune reactivity under extreme conditions. Stimulation of the immune system per se may provide for transition from stress to the tolerant (hypobiotic) strategy of adaptation.

[Lipid peroxidation processes in chronic bronchitis]. / Sostoianie protsessov perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri khronicheskom bronkhite.

AIM: Comparison of the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) products in condensate of the exhaled air (CEA) and in the biopsy samples from the inflammation focus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extraction spectrophotometry was used to measure LPO products in CEA and biopsies from 30 males aged 30-60 years suffering from chronic bronchitis and 30 healthy controls of the same age. RESULTS: There was activation of local accumulation of isopropanol-soluble LPO products in the bronchopulmonary system accompanied by lowered content of lipoperoxides and high antioxidant activity in CEA. CONCLUSION: Chronic bronchitis is characterized by multidirectional shifts in LPO in the inflammation focus and CEA.

[Changes in the antioxidative activity of blood serum in inflammation]. / Izmeneniia antiokislitel'noi aktivnosti syvorotki krovi pri vospalitel'noi patologii.

Local inflammatory process is associated with enhancement of blood sera antioxidative activity (BSAA). The latter phenomenon was demonstrated in rats exposed to burn injury and in man with chronic prostatitis (HP). BSAA increment seems to be intended for limiting of necrosogenic process in inflammatory focus. Adaptive character of BSAA increase is illustrated by results of separate experimental series which proved antiinflammatory and antihypoxic activity of central blood plasma antioxidant-caeruloplasmin.

[Antistressor action of neutrophilokine]. / Antistressornoe deistvie neitrofilokina.

Neutrophilokine, a latex-activated neutrophilic secretory product, was tested for effects on the body's response to immobilization stress. Preadministration of neutrophilokine decreased the magnitude of post-stress changes: neutrophilic leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and stress-induced ulcerogenesis in the gastric mucosa. It is concluded that triple administration of neutrophilokine induces adaptation to immobilization stress.