RESUMEN
It was shown that GC rats predisposed to catalepsy do not differ from Wistar rats in success rate or latency (time of finding of the hidden escape platform) in the Morris water test. However, unlike Wistar, GC rats are inclined to passive drift and longer floating episodes. Rats of the MD+ strain predisposed to hyperkinesis in the form of horizontal pendulum-like movements of the head and upper limb girdle show longer latency and lower rate of successful trials than Wistar or MD-, rats selected for absence of the pendulum-like movements.
Asunto(s)
Catalepsia/psicología , Aprendizaje Discriminativo/fisiología , Recuerdo Mental/fisiología , Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
We studied consumption of 20% sucrose solution by rats genetically predisposed to catalepsy (GC strain) during training. The consumption of sucrose solution by GC rats was lower in comparison to that in Wistar rats. "Potentiated" antibodies to S-100B antigen administered orally after training sessions increased the number and duration of subsequent contacts of rats with sucrose solution.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos/uso terapéutico , Catalepsia/tratamiento farmacológico , Conducta de Ingestión de Líquido/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas S100/inmunología , Animales , Anticuerpos/administración & dosificación , Anticuerpos/inmunología , Antidepresivos/administración & dosificación , Antidepresivos/inmunología , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Reacción de Prevención/efectos de los fármacos , Catalepsia/genética , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Relationships between the predispositions to pendulum movements (PMs), catalepsy, and audiogenic epilepsy in the course of breeding for "nervousness" and freezing have been studied. A positive genetic relationship between PMs, catalepsy, and audiogenic epilepsy has been demonstrated. Eighty to ninety percent of rats selected for enhanced PMs (strain PM+) exhibit predisposition to audiogenic seizures, whereas this frequency in the PM-free strain (PM-) is 10-40%.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/genética , Catalepsia/genética , Epilepsia Refleja/genética , Conducta Estereotipada , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Selección GenéticaRESUMEN
Typological characteristics of behavior were studied in rats bred for enhancement (PM+) and absence (PM-) of pendulum movements. Excitement in different test situations was manifest in PM+ rats, whereas passive defensive reactions were characteristic of PM- rats. Increased excitability of PM+ rats was expressed in their greater predisposition to audiogenic epilepsy (83% in PM+ versus 40% in PM- rats). On the contrary, PM- rats were found to be more prone to freezing (61% in PV- versus 11% in PM+). In PM+ rats, noradrenaline and serotonin contents were decreased in hypothalamus (as compared to PM- and control Wistar stain), whereas in PM- rats, serotonin content was increased in striatum, hypothalamus and midbrain as compared to control strains.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Epilepsia Refleja/fisiopatología , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Conducta Estereotipada , Estimulación Acústica , Animales , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Cruzamiento , Epilepsia Refleja/genética , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Replicated breeding during five generations from an outbred population of Wistar rats performed, in contrast to the previous breeding, differentially for predisposition to catalepsy and "nervousness" confirmed earlier data that catalepsy and "nervousness" are two phenotypic expressions of the same bipolar catatonic genotype.
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/genética , Catalepsia/genética , Selección Genética , Animales , Cruzamiento , Genotipo , Fenotipo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The content of biogenic amines: dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonine, in rats of cataleptic strain GC as compared with the control strain Wistar at the age of 1 and 5 months is decreased, the maximal decrease being found in the so-called "nervous" animals. The aldosterone content was decreased at 5 month age in the GC rats. The testosterone content at the age of 1 month in GC rats does not differ from that in Wistar rats, but at the age of 5 months it was decreased as compared to Wistar, the maximal decrease being found again in "nervous" GC rats. The data obtained point to peculiarities of ontogenetic regulation and to commonness of mechanisms of catalepsy and "nervousness" in GC rats.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/sangre , Aldosterona/sangre , Aminas Biogénicas/sangre , Catalepsia/sangre , Sistemas Neurosecretores/metabolismo , Testosterona/sangre , Animales , Catalepsia/genética , Catalepsia/patología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Sistemas Neurosecretores/patología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Ratas Wistar , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
The expression of audiogenic seizure fits has been studied in F1 hybrids between audiogenic seizure-prone Krushinsky-Molodkina rat strain and Wistar rats not prone to audiogenic seizures, as well as in two backcross generations. Only 10% of F1 hybrids exhibit audiogenic seizure fits, whereas the frequency of this character in two generations of their backcrosses with Krushinsky-Molodkina rats is about 50%. A digenic model with incomplete penetrance has been put forward to explain the control of audiogenic seizure fits. This model fits the data obtained: the theoretically expected distributions of the character in offsprings of different crosses do not differ significantly from those observed in experiments. The model explains why the distribution of the character is the same in the first and second backcross offsprings.
Asunto(s)
Cruzamientos Genéticos , Epilepsia Refleja/genética , Modelos Genéticos , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Results of genetic, neurophysiological, neurochemical and pharmacological suggest that the cataleptic freezing and "nervousness" observed in the cataleptic rat strain GC have a common mechanism. There seems to be a physiological factor causing catalepsy, upon reaching a certain level of intensity, to be transformed into "nervousness", which is observed both at different period and/or moment of individual life and in the processes of breeding the strain for predisposition to catalepsy.
Asunto(s)
Catatonia/fisiopatología , Animales , Química Encefálica , Catatonia/genética , Dopamina/análisis , Norepinefrina/análisis , Fenotipo , Ratas , Ratas Mutantes , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The utility of "incomplete" genetic animal models of human diseases, in particular, psychoses, is discussed. The GC rat strain selected for predisposition to cataleptic reactions is described. It is shown that in many of their characteristics, GC rats are similar to schizophrenic and depressive patients. A possibility that akinetic catatonic states and depressions, hyperkinetic catatonic states and mania share common mechanisms is discussed. It is hypothesized that the GC strain may be an incomplete model of the common genetic and pathogenetic core of schizophrenic substuporous states and depression, which suggests the importance of returning to the issue of a unitary psychosis (Einheitpsychosis).
Asunto(s)
Catatonia/genética , Depresión/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Trastornos Mentales/genética , Animales , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , RatasRESUMEN
GC rats, bred for a predisposition to cataleptic freezing, were found to show a significant negative correlation between the duration of freezing and the level of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. In addition, a group of GC rats characterized by increased "nervousness" also showed a negative correlation between the duration of freezing and the extent of habituation of the startle reflex. These correlations were not seen in Wistar rats. Since decreases in the level of prepulse inhibition and habituation of the startle reflex are regarded as characteristic of schizophrenia, it is suggested that cataleptic freezing in GC rats might be used as a model of schizophrenic pyschopathology.
Asunto(s)
Nivel de Alerta/fisiología , Catalepsia/fisiopatología , Inhibición Neural/fisiología , Reflejo de Sobresalto/fisiología , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Estimulación Acústica , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Habituación Psicofisiológica , Masculino , Fenotipo , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas , Ratas Wistar , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Selection of GC rats for the predisposition to cataleptic freezing has increased not only the frequency, intensity, and duration of freezing, but also the proportion of irritable or "nervous" rats with enhanced anxiety, defensive behavior with vocalization, jerky running, and jumpiness. An increased amplitude of the startle reflex is a correlate of this "nervousness." The results of the comparison of some behavioral characters in the nervous and freezing GC rats, as well as in F1 and F2 offspring from homogeneous crosses between nervous and freezing GC rats suggest that cataleptic freezing and nervousness are two poles of the same bipolar catatonic reaction. They have a common mechanism, with the alternative or preferential expression of one particular form of the reaction is determined by the external and internal environments or the set of modifier genes in the given individual.
Asunto(s)
Catalepsia/fisiopatología , Reacción Cataléptica de Congelación/fisiología , Animales , Cruzamiento , Catalepsia/genética , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Masculino , Ratas , Reflejo de SobresaltoRESUMEN
Parameters of the immune status of the thymus and spleen in rats with genetic catalepsy were lower compared to those in Wistar rats. Diurnal variations in cell subpopulations of lymphoid organs were different in animals of these strains. Behavioral characteristics and neuroendocrine state in rats with genetic catalepsy were associated with specific changes in the immune system and neuroimmune interactions.
Asunto(s)
Catalepsia/genética , Catalepsia/inmunología , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/inmunología , Animales , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Ritmo Circadiano/inmunología , Tejido Linfoide/inmunología , Neuroinmunomodulación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Reciprocal pup substitution (cross-fostering) in cataleptic GC (designated so by the initials of words "genetic" and "catalepsy") and control Wistar females resulted in attenuation of cataleptic predisposition in GC rats fostered by Wistar foster-mothers. The latter demonstrate a more intense maternal care than GC females. There was a significant negative correlation between the frequency of mother staying in nest and the duration of pinch-induced catalepsy in pups fostered by her. In the home-cage retrieval test, the females of the strains compared showed a significant dependence of the latencies of approach to, and retrieval of, pups on their own and the pups' genotype.
Asunto(s)
Catalepsia/genética , Conducta Materna , Medio Social , Factores de Edad , Animales , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Genotipo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The effects of acute and chronic imipramine treatment on the degree of catalepsy were compared in GC rats genetically predisposed to catalepsy. We recorded the time over which the rats remained in a vertical position they were placed. As differentiated from acute treatment, chronic administration of imipramine dose-dependently decreased the time of freezing in GC rats.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos Tricíclicos/toxicidad , Catalepsia/etiología , Catalepsia/genética , Imipramina/toxicidad , Animales , Antidepresivos Tricíclicos/administración & dosificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Imipramina/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Rats selected by predisposition to catalepsy showed decreased level of 2A-serotonin receptor mRNA in the frontal cortex in comparison with Wistar rats (p<0.05). Chronic administration of tricyclic antidepressant imipramine hydrochloride 2-fold increased the content of receptor mRNA in genetically cataleptic rats (p<0.001) and did not change this parameter in Wistar rats. These results prompted us to revise current notion on the mechanisms of chronic effect of imipramine on 2A-serotonin receptors.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos Tricíclicos/farmacología , Catalepsia/genética , Corteza Cerebral/efectos de los fármacos , Imipramina/farmacología , ARN Mensajero/genética , Receptores de Serotonina/genética , Animales , Antidepresivos Tricíclicos/administración & dosificación , Secuencia de Bases , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Cartilla de ADN , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Imipramina/administración & dosificación , Masculino , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2ARESUMEN
Reciprocal cross-fostering of control Wistar and catalepsy-prone GC rat pups resulted in a decrease in duration of cataleptic reactions of GC rats estimated at the age of two weeks, one month, and six months and a tendency to its decrease in Wistar rats at the age of one month. In-fostering did not exert this effect.
Asunto(s)
Catalepsia/fisiopatología , Animales , Femenino , Embarazo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The effects of thyroidectomy on anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus-maze test, locomotor activity, and defecation in the open-field test and duration of cataleptic freezing were studied in rats of two strains differing in predisposition to catalepsy: cataleptic strain GC and its ancestor strain Wistar. Total thyroxine level was significantly decreased in control GC rats compared to that in control Wistar rats. Control Wistar and GC rats did not differ either in the percentages of open-arm entries or the time spent therein in the elevated plus-maze test or in defecation score in the open-field test. At the same time, control Wistar rats showed more locomotor activity compared to control GC rats in the open-field test. Thyroid hormone deficiency did not affect the percentages of open-arm entries and the time spent therein in the elevated plus-maze test as well as defecation score in both strains. Thyroidectomy did not alter significantly locomotor activity in Wistar rats, but produced a nearly twofold increase in locomotor activity in GC rats. The most important finding is that thyroidectomy significantly increased the expression of catalepsy in Wistar rats, which points to a role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of predisposition to cataleptic reaction.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Animal/fisiología , Catalepsia/fisiopatología , Tiroxina/deficiencia , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Catalepsia/genética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad/genética , Locomoción/fisiología , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Mutantes , Ratas Wistar , Tiroidectomía , Tiroxina/sangreRESUMEN
In rats of GC strain bred for predisdposition to cataleptic freezing, a significant negative correlation between the duration of freezing and the level of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex, has been found. Besides, in a group of GC rats specific by their "nervousness" and jumpiness, there was also a negative correlation between the duration of freezing and the habituation to the startle reflex. None of this correlation have been found in Wistar rats. Since impairment of the PPI and habituation of the startle reflex is considered to be characteristic of schizophrenia, it is believed than cataleptic freezing in the GC rats may be used as a model of schizophrenic psychopathology.
Asunto(s)
Catalepsia/fisiopatología , Reflejo Anormal/fisiología , Reflejo de Sobresalto/fisiología , Estimulación Acústica , Animales , Catalepsia/genética , Femenino , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The role of thyroid hormones in predisposition to cataleptic reaction was investigated. GC rats with genetic predisposition to catalepsy were characterized by decreased serum thyroxin content in comparison with Wistar rats. Thyroidectomy even more reduced the blood concentration of thyroxin in GC rats 30 days postoperation and augmented predisposition to catalepsy in both rat strains.