RESUMEN
The aim of this study is to provide basic information that contributes to vaccine inoculation policy after COVID-19. We used the secondary data of the influenza vaccine inoculation behavior survey for community-dwelling adults conducted in 2011, before the COVID-19 pandemic, but after the 2009 novel influenza A (H1N1) pdm 09 pandemic. All factors such as socio-demographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, family environment, physical and social environment, and area of residence were adjusted, and factors related to vaccine inoculation behavior were analyzed. Those living with pregnant women had a significantly higher odds ratio of inoculation; this was self-evident in that those people considered infection to their family. Regarding the social environment, those aged 20-64 years with a significantly higher adjusted odds ratio of inoculation were those with "at least five people with which they interacted in the neighborhood". This result can be interpreted in two ways relating to altruism in Japan. Finally, we indicated the importance of learning from the past, including the case of 2009.
RESUMEN
Water-soluble chiral metal clusters have drawn much attention by virtue of their fascinating physicochemical properties and potential biomedical applications, but currently, phosphine-protected Au clusters with both chirality and water-solubility are still very limited. In this article, we demonstrate a mixed-ligand strategy for the facile synthesis of atomically precise, water-soluble chiral Au clusters protected by phosphine alone. The clusters are obtained by the reduction of aurate ions in the presence of a phosphine mixture consisting of highly hydrophilic monophosphine (i.e., triphenylphosphine trisulfonate; TPPTS) and hydrophobic chiral diphosphine (i.e., S-Segphos or S-BINAP), both of which are commercially available. The clusters are size/composition-separated via gel electrophoresis, and notably, heptanuclear cluster Au7(S-Segphos)3(TPPTS)2 exhibits a large chiroptical activity with the maximum anisotropy factor (g-factor) of 4.7 × 10-3, one of the largest values in such Au clusters. Quantum chemical calculations for model Au7 cluster species suggest two important factors to obtain large chiroptical activity: (i) more than two axially-chiral diphosphine ligands, and (ii) the absence of configurational isomer averaging. Consequently, despite the experimental use of a mixture containing both chiral and achiral phosphines, a large chiroptical activity can be created in Au clusters with high water-solubility.
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Oro , Agua , LigandosRESUMEN
Previous studies have shown that more frequent social participation was associated with a reduced risk of mortality. However, limited studies have explored the changes in the frequency of social participation in older adults. We investigated the impact of the changes in the frequency of social participation on all-cause mortality in Japanese older adults aged 60 years and older. The current study, conducted as a secondary analysis, was a retrospective cohort study using open available data. The participants were 2240 older adults (45.4% male and 54.6% female) sampled nationwide from Japan who responded to the interview survey. Changes in the frequency of social participation were categorized into four groups (none, initiated, decreased, and continued pattern) based on the responses in the baseline and last surveys. The Cox proportional-hazards model showed a decreased risk of all-cause mortality in decreased and continued patterns of social participation. Stratified analysis by sex showed a decreased risk of mortality in the continued pattern only among males. The results of the current study suggest that the initiation of social participation at an earlier phase of life transition, such as retirement, may be beneficial for individuals.
