A multifaceted biomimetic periosteum with a lamellar architecture and osteogenic/angiogenic dual bioactivities.

An artificial periosteum has emerged as an encouraging candidate for bone defect repair. Currently, it remains a great challenge to develop a multifaceted biomimetic periosteum integrating multifunctional features of bioactivities and unique mechanical properties. Here, we successfully fabricated an artificial periosteum (AP) composed of hierarchically assembled Mg-doped mineralized collagen microfibrils with a biomimetically rotated lamellar structure via a "multiscale cascade regulation" strategy combining multiple techniques such as molecular self-assembly, electrospinning, and pressure-driven fusion from molecular to macroscopic levels. The AP has excellent mechanical properties with an ultimate strength and a tensile modulus of 15.9 MPa and 1.1 GPa, respectively. The involvement of Mg-doped nano-hydroxyapatite endowed the AP with good osteogenic and angiogenic activities to promote osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cell differentiation into capillary-like structures in vitro. In addition, the results of in vivo evaluations in a rat cranial bone defect model including micro-CT morphology, histological staining, and immunohistochemical analysis showed that Mg-doped mineralized collagen-based AP (MgMC@AP) significantly facilitated cranial bone regeneration and fast vascularization. Our findings suggest that the AP mimicked the composition, lamellar structure, mechanical properties, and biological activities of natural periosteum/lamellae, showing great promise for bone tissue regeneration.

Targeting soluble epoxide hydrolase promotes osteogenic-angiogenic coupling via activating SLIT3/HIF-1α signalling pathway.

Type H vessels have recently been identified to modulate osteogenesis. Epoxyeicostrioleic acids (EETs) have an essential contribution to vascular homeostasis. However, whether increased EETs with soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor TPPU enhance the coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis remains largely unknown. The effects of TPPU on cross-talk between co-cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), and on long bone growth and calvarial defect repair in mice were investigated in vitro and in vivo. TPPU enhanced osteogenic differentiation of co-cultured HUVECs and hDPSCs in vitro and increased type H vessels, and long bone growth and bone repair of calvarial defect. Mechanistically, TPPU promoted cell proliferation and angiogenesis, reclined cell apoptosis, and significantly increased CD31hi EMCNhi endothelial cells (ECs) and SLIT3 and HIF-1α expression levels in co-cultured HUVECs and hDPSCs. Knockdown of Slit3 in hDPSCs or Hif-1α in HUVECs impaired the formation of CD31hi EMCNhi ECs and reversed TPPU-induced osteogenesis. We defined a previously unidentified effect of TPPU coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. TPPU induced type H vessels by upregulating the expression of hDPSCs-derived SLIT3, which resulted in the activation of ROBO1/YAP1/HIF-1α signalling pathway in ECs. Targeting metabolic pathways of EETs represents a new strategy to couple osteogenesis and angiogenesis, sEH is a promising therapeutic target for bone regeneration and repair.

CCL25/CCR9 interaction promotes the malignant behavior of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

Background: CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9), an organ-specific chemokine receptor, interacts with its exclusive ligand CCL25 to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the effect of CCR9 on salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) malignant behavior remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the specific molecular mechanism by which CCR9/CCL25 modulates malignant progression in SACC. Methods: Immunohistochemistry staining and RT-qPCR analyses were performed to detect the correlation of CCR9 expression and tumor progression-associated markers in SACC. In vitro, SACC cell proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated using Cell Counting Kit-8 and colon formation, and cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell assays. Vercirnon was used as an inhibitor of CCR9, and LY294002 was used as an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway in this study. Western blot and RT-qPCR assays were carried out to measure the downstream factors of the interaction of CCL25 and CCR9. The effect of CCL25 on the development of SACC in vivo was examined by a xenograft tumor model in nude mice following CCL25, Vercirnon and LY294002 treatment. Results: CCR9 was highly expressed in SACC compared with adjacent salivary gland tissues, and its level was associated with tumor proliferation and metastases. CCL25 enhanced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion through its interaction with CCR9 and exerted an antiapoptotic effect on SACC cells. Targeting CCR9 via Vercirnon significantly reduced the phosphorylation level of AKT induced by CCL25. CCL25/CCR9 could activate its downstream factors through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, such as cyclin D1, BCL2 and SLUG, thus promoting SACC cell proliferation, antiapoptosis, invasion and metastasis. The in vivo data from the xenograft mouse models further proved that CCL25 administration promoted malignant tumor progression by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. Conclusion: The interaction of CCL25 and CCR9 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in SACC by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, offering a promising strategy for SACC treatment.