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1.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X ; 22: 100312, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38745890

RESUMEN

An association between thrombocytosis and cancer progression and decreased survival has been observed for various forms of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pre-treatment thrombocytosis on ovarian cancer survival. Medline, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL and Google Scholar were searched systematically for studies that compared survival outcomes of patients with ovarian cancer who had pre-treatment thrombocytosis with survival outcomes of patients with normal platelet counts. Fourteen articles were retrieved, with a total of 5414 patients with ovarian cancer. The methodological quality of included studies ranged between moderate and high. Patients with advanced stage disease were more likely to have pre-treatment thrombocytosis, and this was associated with lower rates of optimal debulking. Thrombocytosis was also associated with increased likelihood of recurrence of ovarian cancer [hazard ratio (HR) 2.01, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.34-3.01] and increased risk of death from ovarian cancer (HR 2.29, 95 % CI 1.35-3.90). The incidence of deep vein thrombosis was comparable in both groups (odds ratio 1.62, 95 % CI 0.48-5.46). Considering these findings, it is evident that pre-treatment thrombocytosis in patients with ovarian cancer is associated with increased risk of recurrence and death. Pre-treatment thrombocytosis is a potential sign of advanced stage disease, and may be predictive of suboptimal tumour debulking during surgery. Its association with other factors that affect survival, including platinum resistance and response to targeted therapy, remains poorly explored, although preliminary data suggest a potential correlation.

2.
In Vivo ; 38(3): 1260-1265, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38688602

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the predominant malignancy among gynecologic cancers and ranks fourth among all types of cancer. Recently, researchers have focused on the development of new prognostic biomarkers. Subunits of the SWI/SNF protein complex, like the ARID1 and BRG1, have been associated with the development of endometrial cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns of ARID1A and BRG1 in a collection of endometrioid adenocarcinomas of the uterus using immunohistochemistry. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised a total of thirty-three individuals diagnosed with stage I endometrioid endometrial cancer, treated with radical hysterectomy. The histological material was then examined to assess the cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of the proteins. RESULTS: ARID1A exhibited expression in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of cancer cells, whereas BRG1 was mainly expressed in the nuclei. In addition, ARID1A exhibited a notable decrease in expression in grade 3 histology, with no significant correlation with the depth of myometrial invasion. The reduced expression was highly related to tumor expansion into the endocervix. The findings demonstrated a total absence of ARID1A expression in 27% of endometrioid carcinomas, with a significant reduction in expression in an additional 51% of cancer cells. These findings align with the most recent published data. In contrast, in the current study, BRG1 was rarely down-regulated and was extensively expressed in the majority of endometrioid carcinomas, preventing the possibility of statistical analysis. CONCLUSION: In summary, ARID1A expression loss can be used as a biomarker to guide post-operative therapy; however, further investigation is needed, especially for early-stage endometrial cancer.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor , ADN Helicasas , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Neoplasias Endometriales , Inmunohistoquímica , Proteínas Nucleares , Factores de Transcripción , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Neoplasias Endometriales/metabolismo , Neoplasias Endometriales/genética , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , ADN Helicasas/genética , ADN Helicasas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Carcinoma Endometrioide/patología , Carcinoma Endometrioide/metabolismo , Carcinoma Endometrioide/genética , Adulto , Clasificación del Tumor
3.
Cancers (Basel) ; 16(6)2024 Mar 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38539456

RESUMEN

De-escalation is currently taking place in both the surgical and systemic treatment of breast cancer. The introduction of trastuzumab, the first monoclonal antibody against the HER2 receptor, over 20 years ago was a milestone in the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer and marked the beginning of a new era in targeted tumor therapy. In the sense of de-escalation, omitting non-targeted cytotoxic chemotherapy altogether is often hailed as the ultimate goal of oncological research. Especially in cases of small, node-negative, HER2-positive early breast cancer, it remains a challenge for clinicians to establish the safest and most efficient treatment plan while considering the significant potential for toxic side effects associated with chemotherapy and HER2-targeted therapy, and the generally excellent prognosis. In this context, several ongoing studies are currently assessing chemotherapy-free regimens as part of strategies aimed at de-escalating therapy in the field of HER2-positive early breast cancer. Despite the promising early results of these studies, the combination of anti-HER2 treatment with a chemotherapy backbone remains the standard of care.

4.
Cancer Diagn Progn ; 4(2): 91-96, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38434913

RESUMEN

Endometrial cancer is a commonly diagnosed gynecological malignancy presenting an increasing incidence worldwide. The immune response plays a crucial role in the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis and the progression of tumors. In recent times, there has been a discernible surge in the acknowledgment of the importance of programmed death ligand 1 (PDL1) in evading the immunological response of the host and promoting the growth of malignancies. The primary aim of this review is to consolidate the existing corpus of evidence pertaining to the role of PDL1 in the etiology and progression of endometrial cancer and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in the expression of PDL1 in cells impacted by endometrial cancer. Finally, the association between PDL1 expression and clinical outcomes, as well as the potential therapeutic uses of targeting the PDL1 pathway are being analyzed.

5.
J Interferon Cytokine Res ; 44(3): 135-142, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38386538

RESUMEN

Studying the levels of cytokines in the plasma of patients could be valuable in guiding immunotherapy policies. We assessed the plasma levels of 4 major cytokines [interferon (IFN)-ß, interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-ß)] collected from 19 patients with ductal breast cancer (BCa), before surgery (BS) and 5 days after surgery (AS). The ratio AS/BS was also calculated and correlated with histopathological variables and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density. The IFN-ß and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in BCa patients, BS and AS, than healthy controls (P < 0.02). High IL-2 levels BS were linked with node involvement (P = 0.02), and marginally with HER2 expression (P = 0.08), while high TNF-α levels were linked with high PgR expression (P = 0.02). Increasing IFN-ß, IL-2, and TNF-α levels were noted AS, which was more evident in patients with larger tumors. The TGF-ß levels were significantly lower in BCa patients (P < 0.007). Linear regression analysis showed a direct association of IFN-ß levels AS (P = 0.02, r = 0.52) and of TNF-α AS/BS-ratio (P = 0.001, r = 0.72) with TIL-density. It is suggested that although effector immune response is evident in the majority of early stage BCa patients, removal of the primary tumor further unblocks such responses.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Citocinas , Humanos , Femenino , Interleucina-2 , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta
6.
Anticancer Res ; 44(2): 503-510, 2024 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38307554

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The potential for targeted therapy against the immune checkpoint programmed death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and receptor tyrosine kinases was examined in cervical cancer patients and cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On tissue microarrays, PD-L1 was analyzed in 123 samples of patients with cervical cancer using immunohistochemistry. In SiHa, HeLa, and CaSki cervical cancer cell lines we examined the combination of lenvatinib with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor using cell viability assays, the activation of cell signaling pathway proteins using western blots and gene expression using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. RESULTS: Of 113 evaluable samples, 90 (79.6%) had more than 1% PD-L1 positive cells. The single treatment with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor resulted in the greatest reduction in growth for CaSki and lenvatinib in HeLa cells. In contrast, the combined treatment of lenvatinib with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor demonstrated a significantly stronger impeded proliferation compared to the single treatment in all three cell lines. Moreover, the combined treatment caused significantly less phosphorylation of the signaling molecules ERK and S6 in SiHa and of S6 and STAT3 in HeLa cells but not in CaSki. All treatments diminished the mRNA levels of PD-L1, Il-8, and FGFR in SiHa cells. CONCLUSION: PD1 is frequently expressed in cervical cancer samples. Combining lenvatinib with a PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor diminished proliferation of cervical cancer cell lines. Consequently, this combination might be a promising option to treat cervical cancer. Signaling pathways involved in tumor cell growth are blocked by the combined treatment but still a model of the underlying mechanism cannot be drawn.


Asunto(s)
Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico , Compuestos de Fenilurea , Quinolinas , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino , Femenino , Humanos , Antígeno B7-H1/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Prevalencia , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética
7.
Cancers (Basel) ; 15(18)2023 Sep 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37760437

RESUMEN

Ovarian cancer is a deadly disease that affects thousands of women worldwide. Integrins, transmembrane receptors that mediate cell adhesion and signaling, play important roles in ovarian cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Dysregulated expression of integrins is implicated in various cellular processes, such as cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate integrin expression and function, thus affecting various physiological and pathological processes, including ovarian cancer. In this article, we review the current understanding of integrin-mediated cellular processes in ovarian cancer and the roles of miRNAs in regulating integrins. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs that regulate integrins for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Targeting miRNAs that regulate integrins or downstream signaling pathways of integrins may provide novel therapeutic strategies for inhibiting integrin-mediated ovarian cancer progression.

8.
J Pers Med ; 13(9)2023 Sep 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37763185

RESUMEN

Bladder malignancy represents the fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth in women in the western world. Women under 75 years of age have a risk of 0.5-1% of developing bladder cancer. The diagnosis usually occurs between 65 and 70 years of age, whereas the mortality rate for women varies from 0.5 to 4 per 100,000 every year. Nulliparous women present a greater risk than women who have given birth. The risk is further decreased when parity increases. Theoretically, hormonal changes occurring during pregnancy play a protective role. Smoking and occupational exposure to specific chemicals are the most common risk factors of bladder cancer. Other risk factors such as chronic urinary tract inflammation, cyclophosphamide, radiotherapy, and familial correlation have been reported. The aim of this review is to highlight a rare combination, which is the co-existence of bladder malignancy and pregnancy. We present thirteen different cases of women who were diagnosed with malignant bladder tumors during their pregnancy. A review of the literature was conducted, focusing on the unspecific symptoms, possible diagnostic tools, and suitable treatment modalities. The management of bladder cancer in pregnancy is a challenging process. The fragile balance between the possible complications of pregnancy and maternal health is yet to be discussed.

9.
Diagnostics (Basel) ; 13(12)2023 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37370973

RESUMEN

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the seventh most common malignancy diagnosed among women, the eighth leading cause of cancer mortality globally, and the most common cause of death among all gynecological cancers. Even though recent advances in technology have allowed for more accurate radiological and laboratory diagnostic tests, approximately 60% of OC cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Given the high mortality rate of advanced stages of OC, early diagnosis remains the main prognostic factor. Our aim is to focus on the sonographic challenges in ovarian cancer screening and to highlight the importance of sonographic evaluation, the crucial role of the operator΄s experience, possible limitations in visibility, emphasizing the importance and the necessity of quality assurance protocols that health workers have to follow and finally increasing the positive predictive value. We also analyzed how ultrasound can be combined with biomarkers (ex. CA-125) so as to increase the sensitivity of early-stage OC detection or, in addition to the gold standard examination, the CT (Computed tomography) scan in OC follow-up. Improvements in the performance and consistency of ultrasound screening could reduce the need for repeated examinations and, mainly, ensure diagnostic accuracy. Finally, we refer to new very promising techniques such as liquid biopsies. Future attempts in order to improve screening should focus on the identification of features that are unique to OC and that are present in early-stage tumors.

10.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(6)2023 Jun 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37374343

RESUMEN

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represents a condition where the fetal weight is less than the 10th percentile for gestational age, or the estimated fetal weight is lower than expected based on gestational age. IUGR can be caused by various factors such as maternal, placental or fetal factors and can lead to various complications for both the fetus and the mother, including fetal distress, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and maternal hypertension. Women with gestational diabetes are at an increased risk of developing IUGR. This article reviews the different aspects of gestational diabetes in addition to IUGR, the diagnostic methods available for IUGR detection, including ultrasound and Doppler studies, discusses the management strategies for women with IUGR and gestational diabetes and analyzes the importance of early detection and timely intervention to improve pregnancy outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/diagnóstico , Retardo del Crecimiento Fetal/etiología , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Peso Fetal , Placenta , Resultado del Embarazo , Ultrasonografía Prenatal/efectos adversos
11.
Surg J (N Y) ; 9(2): e71-e74, 2023 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37192958

RESUMEN

Objective In this report we present a rare case of a large cyst of Skene gland in a female patient with a palpable vaginal mass persisting for at least 2 years. Case Report A 67-year-old female admitted to the department of urology due to the presence of "a vaginal mass" for the past 2 years. A cyst of Skene's duct was suspected based on clinical manifestation and findings of magnetic resonance imaging showing an extensive cyst formation in the upper vaginal area and anterior to the urethra. Based on these findings, a decision for surgical removement of the cyst was made. The cyst was incised, drained, and marsupialized. The postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the second postoperative day. Conclusion High clinical suspicion is important to reach this rare diagnosis. Partial excision and marsupialization of the cyst is a simple procedure with low morbidity, without recurrence, and excellent results.

12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(5)2023 Mar 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36902470

RESUMEN

Cancer cells are known to have a distinct metabolic profile and to exhibit significant changes in a variety of metabolic mechanisms compared to normal cells, particularly glycolysis and glutaminolysis, in order to cover their increased energy requirements. There is mounting evidence that there is a link between glutamine metabolism and the proliferation of cancer cells, demonstrating that glutamine metabolism is a vital mechanism for all cellular processes, including the development of cancer. Detailed knowledge regarding its degree of engagement in numerous biological processes across distinct cancer types is still lacking, despite the fact that such knowledge is necessary for comprehending the differentiating characteristics of many forms of cancer. This review aims to examine data on glutamine metabolism and ovarian cancer and identify possible therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer treatment.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Neoplasias Ováricas , Humanos , Femenino , Glutamina/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Glucólisis , Metabolismo Energético
13.
Cells ; 12(2)2023 01 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36672145

RESUMEN

It is estimated that inflammation at the placental-maternal interface is directly responsible for or contributes to the development of 50% of all premature deliveries. Chorioamnionitis, also known as the premature rupture of the amniotic membrane in the mother, is the root cause of persistent inflammation that preterm newborns experience. Beyond contributing to the onset of early labor, inflammation is a critical element in advancing several conditions in neonates, including necrotizing enterocolitis, retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and periventricular leukomalacia. Notably, the immune systems of preterm infants are not fully developed; immune defense mechanisms and immunosuppression (tolerance) have a delicate balance that is easily upset in this patient category. As a result, premature infants are exposed to different antigens from elements such as hospital-specific microbes, artificial devices, medications, food antigens and hypoxia/hyperoxia. This has detrimental implications for preterm deliveries of less than 28 weeks because they have not yet evolved the mechanisms to tolerate maternal and self-antigens.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Recién Nacido , Nacimiento Prematuro , Retinopatía de la Prematuridad , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Embarazo , Femenino , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Placenta , Inflamación
14.
Arch Gynecol Obstet ; 308(3): 821-830, 2023 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35997970

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Miscarriage is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. Although chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo is a well-known cause of miscarriage, a lot of cases remain unexplained, with immunologic and vascular growth alterations being considered as probable causes. Chemokines are produced by a variety of cells and exhibit several functions including both pro and anti-angiogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the role of the angiogenic and angiostatic chemokines in placenta and decidua tissues from spontaneous and induced abortions. METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from the placenta and decidua tissues, which was then purified and converted into cDNA. Real-time PCR was then performed for the expression of the angiogenic CCL2, CCL5, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, CXCL8 and CXCL4, and the angiostatic CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, CXCL12 and CXCL14 and results were then statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Regarding the placenta, CXCL7 (2.29-fold, 2.16-2.38, p < 0.05), CXCL4 (1.01-fold, 0.74-4.447, p < 0.05), CXCL9 (0.87-fold, 0.43-1.34, p < 0.05) and CXCL11 (0.31-fold, 0.22-0.45, p < 0.05) were altered in spontaneous abortions. CCL2, CCL5, CXCL2-3, CXCL8, CXCL10, CXCL12 and CXCL14 were not statistically significant altered. Regarding the decidua, CXCL7 (7.13-fold, 6.32-7.54, p < 0.01), CXCL8 (11.02-fold, 8.58-13.45, p < 0.05), CCL20 (1.21-fold, 0.29-1.89, p < 0.05) and CXCL9 (5.49-fold, 3.67-6.39, p < 0.05) were overexpressed in spontaneous abortions. CXCL2-4, CCL2, CCL5, CXCL10-12 and CXCL14 did not show any differences. The expression of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL5-6 was absent in either tissue or group. CONCLUSION: Our results show that the overexpression of angiostatic and diminished expression of angiogenic chemokines takes place in the placenta and decidua of spontaneous abortions, suggesting that dysregulation of angiogenesis could be a contributive factor to the pathogenesis of miscarriage.


Asunto(s)
Aborto Espontáneo , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Placenta/metabolismo , Decidua/metabolismo
15.
Clin Pract ; 12(6): 1069-1077, 2022 Dec 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36547117

RESUMEN

Polycythemia vera (PV) is one of the three main classic disorders of Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), with the other two being essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). PV may develop (15%) in women of childbearing age (15-45 years), with an anticipated rate of roughly 0.3 per 100,000 people, although maintaining a male to female ratio predominance of about 2:1 and a peak prevalence in the sixth and seventh decades of life. Without always being presented with its actual clinical manifestations due to pregnancy itself, and most commonly due to iron deficiency, PV can be frequently missed and therefore belatedly diagnosed. We describe the case of a primipara woman in her 40s, without risk factors for thrombosis, who developed a portal vein occlusion 1.5 month postpartum after C-section and who had a delayed diagnosis of PV.

16.
J Clin Med ; 11(22)2022 Nov 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36431122

RESUMEN

Evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the likelihood of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Modifications in the circulatory, pulmonary, hormonal, and immunological pathways induced by pregnancy render pregnant women as a high-risk group. A growing body of research shows that SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy is connected to a number of maternal complications, including pneumonia and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization. Miscarriages, stillbirth, preterm labor, as well as pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction are also among the most often documented fetal implications, particularly among expecting women who have significant COVID-19 symptoms, often affecting the timing and route of delivery. Thus, prevention of infection and pharmacological treatment options should aim to minimize the aforementioned risks and ameliorate maternal, obstetric and fetal/neonatal outcomes.

17.
Pharmaceutics ; 14(10)2022 Sep 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36297515

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: Immunotherapy has, in recent years, witnessed an expansion in its indications for the treatment of cancer. Coupled with the fact that, nowadays, even more women choose to postpone parenthood, thus increasing their chances of having some kind of malignancy during pregnancy, more and more women are eligible for receiving immunotherapy during this period of their lives. The cases of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is an ever-increasing trend nowadays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The oncologists and clinicians treating women often face a range of ethical and therapeutic dilemmas due to the particularity of the patient's conditions. The primary concern is the protection of the mother, firstly, and then the fetus (through adjustments to the various treatment regimens) if possible. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Oncological drugs, radiation therapy, surgery, or a combination of all the above methods are selected, depending on the case. In this project, we studied the oncology drugs used for various types of gestational cancer, their appropriateness and timing, as well as their possible effects on the parent and embryo upon their administration. Various studies have shown that the administration of oncological drugs should be postponed until at least after the first trimester of pregnancy.

18.
Cancer Diagn Progn ; 2(5): 512-519, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36060022

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND/AIM: During ovarian cancer (OC) debulking surgery, the surgeon can examine the peritoneal cavity for malignant cancer cells with peritoneal washing (PW) cytology. The goal of this study was to examine the significance of peritoneal washing as a prognostic indicator for ovarian cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Information considering the prognostic factors of OC and their impact in PW's result was collected, compared, and combined. RESULTS: Omental metastasis, tumor type, tumor invasion, tumor size, tumor grade/ stage, tumor's cytoreduction, and recurrence affect both the peritoneal washing result and the patient's prognosis. The correlation that most of the above factors have with a positive PW and dismal prognosis, led us to the assumption that PW has a significance as a prognostic indicator. CONCLUSION: The significance of PW as a prognostic indicator remains an assumption.

19.
Surg J (N Y) ; 8(3): e174-e178, 2022 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35928548

RESUMEN

Background Carcinosarcomas are malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMT), containing both epithelial and mesenchymal components. Carcinosarcomas of the uterine cervix comprise an extremely rare histopathological entity, with less than 150 cases reported in the literature to date. Materials and Methods A 79-year-old postmenopausal female patient was referred to our gynecological department due to a pelvic mass and vaginal bleeding. A cervical curettage was performed and the histological report revealed a malignant neoplasm with high cellularity consisting of two components; the first was a chondrosarcoma and the latter a adenocarcinoma. A diagnosis of MMMT was confirmed through immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy were implemented, and a year later the patient underwent a radical hysterectomy and oncological pelvic lymph node dissection. She remains disease-free 12 months postoperatively. Conclusion Primary cervical carcinosarcomas are extremely rare tumors demonstrating a bipartite profile. Preoperative diagnosis with appropriate immunochemistry testing of this rare entity is crucial to decision making.

20.
Gynecol Oncol Rep ; 41: 101004, 2022 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35652060

RESUMEN

Introduction: Collision tumors are characterized by the coexistence of two adjacent, but histologically distinct tumors. This entity can occur between tumors originating from the same organ or between metastases from other sites. Case presentation: A 49-year-old postmenopausal female with abnormal vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain was diagnosed with two coexistent tumors, a grade 1 endometrioid carcinoma and a pT2 undifferentiated stromal sarcoma (USS). On the first time, the patient underwent a total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy and one month later, she was diagnosed with recurrence. Then, a second surgical excision of the recurrent tumor was performed including exploratory laparotomy and anterior pelvic exenteration. She had an uneventful postoperative period, but unfortunately a month following the second operation she passed away. Conclusion: We aim to raise awareness of these rare synchronous malignancies and highlight the importance of having a broad differential diagnosis in a patient presenting with abnormal vaginal bleeding. Further studies with larger patient populations are needed to shed light in etiology and pathogenesis of the concurrence of two malignancies with different embryological origin in the same organ, in order to optimize management of these patients.

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