Population genetics of 30 INDELs in populations of Poland and Taiwan.

The Investigator DIPplex(®) kit (Qiagen) contain components for the simultaneous amplification and analysis of 30 biallelic autosomal INDELs and amelogenin. The objective of this study was to estimate the diversity of the 30 markers in Polish (N P = 122) and Taiwanese (N T = 126) population samples and to evaluate their usefulness in forensic genetics. All amplicon lengths were shorter than 160 base pairs. The DIPplex genotype distributions showed no significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg rule expectations (Bonferroni corrected) except for DLH39 in the Taiwanese population. Among the Poles and the Taiwanese the mean observed heterozygosity values are 0.4385 and 0.4079, and the combined matching probability values are 7.98 × 10(-14) and 1.22 × 10(-11), respectively. The investigated marker set has been confirmed as a potential extension to standard short tandem repeat-based kits or a separate informative system for individual identification and kinship analysis. Eight INDELs have been selected as possible ancestry informative single-nucleotide polymorphisms for further analyses.

The conclusive role of postmortem computed tomography (CT) of the skull and computer-assisted superimposition in identification of an unknown body.

Computed tomography is commonly used in modern medicine, and thus, it is often helpful for medicolegal purposes, especially as part of the antemortem record. The application of postmortem computed tomography and 3D reconstruction of the skull in challenging cases is reported, and its valuable contribution to positive identification is discussed. This paper presents a case in which the body of an unknown individual is identified. Positive identification had not been possible despite a multidisciplinary examination. The postmortem use of computerized tomography and 3D reconstruction of the skull followed by the comparison of individual morphological characteristics of the viscerocranium showed the concordant points between the deceased and a missing person. Finally, superimposition using a 3D-reconstructed skull instead of the skeletonized skull demonstrated an adequate degree of morphological consistency in the facial images of the analyzed individuals that lead to positive identification. It was concluded that where other methods of personal identification had failed, the use of postmortem computed tomography had proved to be instrumental in the positive identification of the deceased.

Polish population data for 17 Y-STRs and 8 Y-SNPs markers / Badania populacji Wielkopolski w zakresie 17 markerów Y-STRs oraz 8 Y-SNPs.

The aim of our study was to establish the genetic differentiation of the population of the province of Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) for 17 Y-STRs and 8 Y-SNPs and comparison of the Polish population with other selected populations. The investigations included 201 unrelated male inhabitants of the Greater Poland region We found 184 unique haplotypes for 17 Y-STR. The haplotype discrimination capacity was 0.96. The most frequent haplotype Ht-50 was found in 3 samples and 7 haplotypes observed twice. Further, the same samples were analyzed with Y-8 SNPs markers. We obtained 40 haplotypes. The haplotype discrimination capacity was 0.20. The most frequent haplotype was presented in 38 samples. A total of 4 different haplogroups were established. Haplogroup K= 19%, IJ = 7%, R1a1 = 59% and R1b = 15%. The HD value of Y-SNPs/Y-STRs was 0.9883.

[Application of Y-SNPs in forensic genetics]. / Zastosowanie Y-SNPs w genetyce sadowej.

The study presents the results obtained by LightSNiP method with the use of 2 SNPs located on Y chromosome. The purpose of this study was examination of the mixture of the genetic material in the form of male and female blood in different dilutions. The size of available STR-PCR markers is between 100 and 500 bp, which can limit the possibility of DNA mixture analysis, where the amount of male DNA is relatively low or the genetic material is markedly degraded. Selection of appropriate SNPs placed on Y chromosome can provide information that will facilitate interpretation of the female and male DNA mixture. The test was performed on a Light Cycler 2.0, Roche Diagnostic.

[DNA studies performed on a mummified body from Forensic Department Museum of Poznan University of Medical Sciences]. / Badania DNA zmumifikowanych zwlok z muzeum Katedry i Zakladu Medycyny Sadowej Uniwersytetu Medycznego im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu.

The article presents the results of experimental DNA examinations of a mummified body, which is kept in the Forensic Department Museum of Poznan University of Medical Sciences. The DNA analysis determined the gender of the mummy as male; the body was found to belong to the Y-chromosome haplogroups R1b and J2. The age of the mummified body was estimated by an anthropological examination as approximately 35 years.

[Paternity exclusion tests in the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan]. / Wykluczenia ojcostwa w swietle badan Katedry i Zakladu Medycyny Sadowej Akademii Medycznej w Poznaniu.

The study comprises the analysis of expert's hemogenetic reports carried out in the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Medical Sciences in Poznan, in the years 1980-2004 and associated with paternity determination or exclusion. In the analyzed period, the authors established 1064 cases of paternity exclusion in serological tests, 97 paternity exclusions in the HLA examinations, and 129 cases of paternity exclusions processed in DNA testing. On the base of gene frequencies, the theoretical chance of paternity exclusion was determined for every test. The significant usefulness of DNA testing in legal processes did not cause an increase in the percentage of paternity exclusions. Moreover, the authors observed a significant decrease in the number of paternity exclusions in comparison with results of serological tests (from 24.25% to 19.43%). With the drop in the number of births, the number of expert's reports significantly decreased.